Issue Of Rape Research Articles

Sex panic and robots: a critical discourse analysis of the banned Texan robotic brothel

ABSTRACT This study examines the unique relationship between panic, technology, and sexuality using a sex panic framework. Sex panic, a derivative of moral panic theory, focuses on fears related to or because of sexuality or sexual practices. Inextricably tied to emotion, sex panic events are often scripted and based on performativity. In Texas, a sex robot “testing center” attempted to open as a storefront in the suburbs of Houston. Local officials and community leaders condemned the brothel announcement. A critical discourse analysis of sixty news articles and videos, Houston City Council meeting minutes, and the subsequent city ordinances were evaluated to explore the controversy of the ultimately banned brothel. Through this analysis, prevalent discursive themes on the protection of women and children, fears about sex robot users, and concerns over how the Houston community would be viewed were found. Discursive tactics centered on creating panic around issues of rape, dehumanization, and moral standards. This study contributes to the critical scholarship on sex robots and their effects on public discourse.

Rape, law and stories of trauma: representations of sexual violence in The Australian Women’s Weekly, 1970–82

The 1970s ushered in a period of significant feminist activism, public debate and judicial reform on issues of rape and child sexual abuse. In this article, I examine how The Australian Women’s Weekly raised and navigated the issue of rape from its commercial position as a conservative-leaning publication between 1970 and 1982. It seeks to understand mainstream Australian women’s attitudes towards sexual assault and how they evolved under emerging feminist critique.

University undergraduates’ perception of the menace of rape: Causes and effect

Rape is reported to occur daily in Nigeria, affecting a wide range of victims, from older women to tiny toddlers under five years old. It is a prevalent form of illegal sexual misconduct that not only violates the dignity of survivors but also jeopardises their health and well-being. This study shed light on the issue of rape in Nigerian society. Its objectives are to determine the causes and effects of rape, as well as propose possible solutions for curbing it. A descriptive research design of the cross-sectional subtype was employed for this study. Data was collected through the administration of a researcher-designed questionnaire to a total sample of 200 respondents. The mean rating was used to analyse the data and address the research questions. The results of the study indicated that the respondents agreed that proving sexual prowess is the most common cause of rape. To combat the issue of rape, victims should feel empowered to speak out. Public awareness campaigns and comprehensive sex and moral education should be implemented. The study also recommends that women be encouraged to dress modestly, parents serve as good role models to their children, and young adults be taught to say NO to rape and report any cases they encounter without supporting or concealing them.

Changing the Perceptions: Tracing Feminist and Postfeminist Apprehensions of Rape Culture in Sohaila Abdulali’s What We Talk About When We Talk About Rape

Rape is the linchpin of patriarchy. The prevailing perception of rape and rape victims is an important matter of discussion as many people still believe in rape myths. Writer, activist, and rape survivor Sohaila Abdulali’s personal narrative What We Talk About When We Talk About Rape questions gender roles and the patriarchal system. She describes how erroneous beliefs about rape, rapists, and rape victims affect society and leads to victim blaming, slut shaming, and questioning the behaviour of women. Rape myths, which are by-products of patriarchy, rationalise sexual violence and promote animosity toward the victims. In the book, Abdulali urges society to shift its focus from women as victims to men as rapists. By depicting the real incidents, the author shows how men use power to justify rape and sexual assault. Born in India, she takes the issue of rape to the global level by addressing rape cases from all around the world to show how rape affects people from various communities and cultures. This paper seeks to explore the ways in which Sohaila Abdulali deals with the issue of rape with reference to gender, race, and class. The paper also looks at how much society has changed over time in terms of its perceptions of rape and rape victims while there are many people who still adhere to the old gender stereotypes. The study draws on feminist and postfeminist theoretical elements to address the issue of rape.

Forceful Sexual Behaviours Against Women in Qonce (King William’s Town)’s Townships in the 1950s and 1960s

Both anthropology and history authors have written about the increase in predatory masculine sexual identities amongst the AmaXhosa, including rural and urban attitudes, and within such scholarship, issues such as rape have also emerged. However, the issue of rape has not been fully addressed, especially by anthropologists in the mid-twentieth century. The purpose of this article is to address the issue of rape by men amongst the AmaXhosa communities of King William’s Town (known today as Qonce) in the 1950s and 1960s. This is done by using interviews recorded and transcribed by Percy Qayiso, a Black interlocutor and research assistant. Qayiso’s interviews, which initially focussed on “morality,” included rape testimonies and perspectives on rape. Although this article makes use of primary sources from the mid-twentieth century, the arguments presented about violence against women and their bodies resonate in contemporary discourse. Some contemporary scholars have articulated two aspects related to this article. First, liberal anthropologists like Phillip Mayer used Black interlocutors without properly citing their contribution and therefore forced them to exist in their shadow. Secondly, the rise of gender-based violence towards female persons in South Africa has had scholars from different schools of thought seeking ways to trace the genesis of this widespread phenomenon. While historians have not dominated academia in this regard, this article attempts to articulate perspectives related to violence against women.

A computer-assisted textual analysis of 10,191 rape news headlines shared on social media

Although rape is prevalent in Bangladesh, we have limited knowledge about how the media reports rape news. This study analyzed 10,191 headlines of rape news shared on ten Bangladeshi media's Facebook pages between 2013 and 2021. The aim was to investigate the media's rape news-sharing behavior by exploring the frequent topics of rape news. Following a computer-assisted textual analysis of the Bangla news headlines, this study found that media outlets share rape news on social media that is more likely to contain issues related to rape victims and judicial processes of rape crime. The news headlines provide information about rape victims, indicating their age groups and relations (e.g., teenager, young lady, girl, woman, wife), along with information about judicial processes (e.g., case, arrest, complaint, remand). The analysis further explored other prevalent topics in rape news that the media emphasizes, such as the elements used in rape (e.g., the promise of love and marriage, private video), the act of raping (e.g., tying, forcing, blackmailing, confining), and the places, states, and time of rape (e.g., alone, home, field). This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of news-sharing behavior, gender-based violence, and media framing of rape issues. It also offers methodological guidance to semi-automated social media text analysis for the Bangla language.

Title in English: Masculine Visions of Women Rape in England, in the Period of the Plantagenet Family (A.D. 1154- 1485)

The Middle Ages period is one of the periods that is unique in highlighting the role of men, youth, masculinity, and chivalry in various fields of life, and this appeared socially through men controlling women. Here, the most important problems of the study appear, which is that England is far from the Church of Rome, the source of Catholicism, in addition to the heterogeneity of its population of Bretons, Anglo-Saxons and Normans, which led to the emergence of a group of divergent visions about looking at women in general and women's issues in particular. In view of the length of the study period represented in the era of the Plantagenet family (1154-1485 AD); The aim of the study is to highlight the development of masculine literary, judicial and political visions on the issue of rape of women, which was common in the period under study The direct result of this research is that the prevalence of women's rape represents one of the episodes of people's consistency with the English rulers, who took the initiative to do so for political justifications.

Four Waves of Feminism: A Blessing for Global Humanity

This paper tries to analyze the development of waves of feminism. In the human civilization, “Feminism” is considered as a mass movement, which has commenced by women of all groups to remove all forms of feminist oppressions by men that are prevailing in a patriarchal society. The world has already experienced four waves of feminism that act against women’s abuse and oppression. The first wave of feminism arises in the United States and Europe during the 19th and early 20th centuries, and concerns with the achieving voting right, equal opportunities, and other legal rights of women. Second wave of feminism has initiated by both white and non-white women of Western countries as well as in developing countries, starts in the 1960s and ends in the 1990s. It works for equal education and employment opportunities, maternity leave, birth control and abortion rights, etc.; and fights against domestic violence issues, marital rape issues, sexual harassment and rape, etc. Third wave of feminism presents a dynamic critique to the previous feminist political trends, and extents from the 1990s to 2000s. In this movement, women find themselves as strong and rebellious, and working women in various occupations are not subjected to a sexist patriarchy. Fourth wave feminism starts around 2012, which offers a new feminism that depends on online social media, such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, etc. After the development of waves of feminism, various laws have been established in many countries of the world to support the participation of women in all activities of the society. This study takes attempts to discuss aspects of four waves of feminism elaborately.

Law enforcement and public health collaborations and partnerships in Africa

Though not high profile, collaborations and partnerships between law enforcement agencies (LEAs) and public health organizations do exist across Africa. Law enforcement and public health (LEPH) partnerships have been common, but not necessarily optimum, in responses to epidemics such as sexually transmissible infections, tuberculosis, and malaria, and pandemics such as HIV/AIDS and COVID-19. There are some such collaborations in responses to gender-based violence (GBV), particular socio-economic problems and challenges, counter-insurgency and terrorism (when it happens within civilian spaces), to address issues of rape, disease and death. Leadership in development of such approaches comes from a wide range: local and national governments, law enforcement agents, CSOs, regional economic bodies and United Nations agencies. They have also a wide range of success and sustainability. There are examples of excellent collaboration in partnerships with long histories and experience of working together, especially among those that have established common goals aimed at local, national and global health outcomes. However, antagonisms also exist between civil society organizations (CSOs) and LEAs, with CSOs placing blame on law enforcement agents for harms caused, and with LEAs perceiving CSOs as enemies of the state because of their work with and advocacy for the rights of culturally or politically taboo or sensitive matters, such as sex work or homosexuality. Not uncommonly, partnerships have not been formed; or where they have formed but have failed to achieve consensus and joint results, have collapsed. Much more needs to be done at all levels to achieve effective, humane and sustained joined-up responses to difficult public health issues in the African context. 

Framing safety of women in public transport: A media discourse analysis of sexual harassment cases in Bangladesh

This paper analyzes the role of print media in framing incidences of sexual harassment in public transport; particularly in the context of Bangladesh, where gender-based violence is highly prevalent in the public sphere. This article uses Douglas’ cultural theory to reflect on media practices and its institutional power to reframe the social problem through risk and blame attribution. We conducted a discourse analysis of 71 news articles extracted from four of the widely circulated and influential newspapers of Bangladesh. Our findings reveal that the hegemonic discourse of gender-based violence in public transport is systemic and/or primarily reliant on legal recourse. By contrast, discourses presenting sexual harassment as symptomatic of broader gender inequality is less frequent. Moreover, these media platforms belong to an assemblage of patriarchal social-power holders that collaborate with established law and order to facilitate a blame game, thereby relieving the same stakeholders of ownership and accountability. Given the power of news media in constructing meta-narratives of safety (and nudging policymakers), journalists must tread responsibly on issues of blame, women’s safety, and their rights to the city.

Stigmatising views towards individuals with eating disorders: trends and associations from 1998 to 2008 using a repeated cross-sectional design.

Eating disorders are stigmatised. Little is known about whether stigma has decreased over time and which groups hold more stigmatising beliefs. To explore whether stigma towards eating disorders has changed between 1998 and 2008 and whether it varies by sociodemographic characteristics. We used the Office for National Statistics Omnibus surveys 1998 and 2008. As outcomes, we selected four questions eliciting participants' views on issues of blame and ability to recover, and compared their mean scores across eating disorders, depression and alcohol dependence in both years. We used multivariable linear regressions to investigate associations between sociodemographic characteristics and each stigma domain. In total, 2720 participants had data on all variables of interest. Compared with 1998, in 2008 stigmatising views towards eating disorders improved. In both years, participants believed it was easier to recover from eating disorders than depression or alcohol dependence. Respondents believed people with eating disorders were more to blame for their condition than those with depression, but less than those with alcohol dependence. Men, those with less formal education, and those from ethnic minority backgrounds were more likely to place greater blame on individuals for their mental illness. Men were more likely than women to think it was possible to recover from an eating disorder. Stigmatising attitudes towards people with eating disorders have improved over time, but are still greater than those observed for other mental illnesses. Improving eating disorder mental health literacy could help to reduce these negative views and lead to improved quality of life, greater help-seeking and better prognosis.

SOCIAL MEDIA ACTIVISM MOVEMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN ON ISSUES OF RAPE AND SEXUAL ABUSE

This paper analyzes several aspects concerning the national issues of rape and sexual harassment incidences in the context of Kazakhstan via a discourse analysis approach of social media activist movements. The article touches upon crucial social media movements, such as ‘#MeTooTalgo’, ‘NeMolchi.kz’ or ‘#OrtashaEmes’, which all emerged after the 2016 incident with the rape case in a Talgo Train, causing eventually an upward rising tendency for awareness-raising social media campaigns across the country. Alongside that, the paper also provides insight into the discussion about the societal influence of the contextual conservative patriarchal state on women, the factors causing women to become victims of sexual and physical abuse as well the power of the social media as a tool and platform for catalyzing the enraged voices of women into influential instruments for societal changes. On top of that, this paper also looks at how the movements of social media activism have influenced government decisions and law amendments in the country towards tightening legislations. The paper follows a discourse analysis research methodology, where only secondary sources of information are used and referred to. In conclusion, the significance of this paper is that it tries to enlighten and bring forth one of the societal problems that women and under-aged girls in Kazakhstan face, and which has yet to be accepted as a “societal problem” by the society itself. Hence, despite the conservative regime with a still developing but much promising civic society, social media has shown to be ‘a free fighting space’ for those who want to voice their problems and for those who want to be heard.

The Comparative Sexual Law in Nigeria and India, Lessons and the Needed Complement

It is a matter of Jurisprudential debate on whether male and female have equal applicable rights in all circumstances, this being things pertaining to sexual rights; issue of succession and other pertinent, but obviously subjected gender-based issues. However, to duly deal with the issues of this kind, there will be need to borrow a leaf from countries that have closely monitored society's evolvement and have made laws in that regards, prohibiting, giving rights and privileges to some certain gender-based matters pursuant to overseeing the crux of the sexual justice manifest. This is what this paper is trying to achieve. It presents sexual related issues in Nigeria and India; the issue of rape and inheritance and through the in depth analysis of provisions of laws and court cases suggests ways which sexual laws of both countries can complement each other.

A Comprehensive Review of Embracing the Normality of Rape Culture: Time to Put a Stop to Victim Blaming

Abstract Gender discrimination against women is a prevalent issue in Bangladesh, but sometimes it is concealed. Rape cases, also known as ―sexual abuse‖ in many cultures, are a special insidious type of sexual harassment. In other contexts, when you are familiarizing with the lifestyle of women, as a social worker it is likely to see victims of sexual abuse due to a large number of abusive offenders. Global WHO figures suggest that about 1 in 3 (35%) of women around the world endure physical and sexually intimate relationships or non-partner sexual abuse during their lives. Domestic abuse is the most heinous form of violence. Approximately one third (30%) of all women who have a relationship comment on physical and sexual harassment witnessed by their intimate partner nationwide. This review investigates several peer-reviewed journals and articles that have been developed for the comprehensive understanding of domestic abuse as rape. Still, this issue of rape must be addressed within and outside the scope of domestic violence. More experiments are conducted with a focus for future studies. The major argument of this review is that while raped women are suffering from the permanent effects of psychological and emotional damage, the issue of rape is not the problem of women. It is squarely a man’s problem. As a society, victim allegation is preached as a flame, but the issue is with ancestors and older generations’ minds and opinions. On a conclusive note, strategies for rape prevention have been discussed. It is crucial to recognize and increasingly teach young children about the effects of sexual harassment and how traditions can be changed to avoid social stigma. Keywords: rape victims, sexual assault, social work, victim-blaming, prevention

The Nigerian State and the Challenges of Rising Cases of Sexual Assault Among Nigerian Citizens

The social vices rape “has been around” for a very long time, it is as old as humankind. It has been experiencing in almost all the countries of the world. However, in a country like Nigeria, the issue of rape among the people had been on the rising rate these days as many babies, aged and teenagers had been raped to death. It is in view of the above challenges that this paper examined the causes, impact and solutions to the rising cases of rape in Nigeria. The paper adopted the relative deprivation theory to validate its arguments, while data are gathered through the secondary methods as data are retrieved from books, articles, newspapers and internet materials. This paper argued that the major causes of the rising cases of rape in Nigeria are youth’s unemployment that is realized as a result of bad governance, and submit that good governance is the only lasting and perpetual solution to the rising cases of rape in Nigeria.

“If They Do Not Fulfill What They Have Promised, I Will Accuse Them”: Locating Indigenous Women and Their Influence in the California Missions

Abstract In Indigenous California, women often held important roles of political and spiritual leadership. Spanish Franciscan colonialism imposed a patriarchal framework through the California missions. Through a close look of the lives of two Indigenous women who lived at Mission Santa Cruz, this article examines how Native women maintained power and influence within the mission communities. The stories of these two women, Yaquenonsat and Yuñan, intersect with difficult issues of rape and sexual violence, infanticide, sterility, abortion, and the impact of sexually transmitted disease. And yet, the article focuses on resistance and expressions of power—the two women played key roles in organizing and planning the assassination of the abusive Padre Quintana in 1812. This article proposes new methodological approaches to the chancery archives to trace the lives of these women and suggests new ways of analyzing stories of individuals and families within the missions to find the subtle ways of resistance and rebellion by Indigenous men and women.

The Menace of Rape in the Present Day Nigerian Society and The Effect on Its Victims: The Way Forward

Recently, there has been a great increase in the rate at which rape is being reported in the Nigerian society. Therefore, this article seeks to adumbrate the implications, possible causes of rape and proffers ways forward. The paper identify Rape as encapsulated under Section 357 of the Nigerian criminal code which is applicable to the southern part of Nigeria as “any person who has unlawful carnal knowledge of a woman or girl without her consent, if the consent is obtained by force or by means of threats or intimidation of any kind or by fear of harm, or by means of false and fraudulent representation as to the nature of the act, or in. And that in the case of a married woman, by impersonating her husband is guilty of an offense which is called rape. The possible causes of rape identified includes indecent dressing by the women, drug abuse by the men, rapists in Nigeria are so free due to the laxity of laws against rapist, and culture of silence to avoid social stigma, shame and public embarrassment associated with rape by female victims. To tackle the issue of rape, there should be public enlightenment to make everyone be aware that anybody can be raped, old or young. Equal education of both male and females will go a long way to reduce the rate of rape. Preventive measured should be preferred to curative measures .Women should be encouraged to dress decently and the female victims should speak up and report rape cases to the appropriate authorities.

The Role and Effect of Mass Media on Rape and Sexual Violence against Women and Girls: A case study of South Kivu in Democratic Republic of the Congo

Prevalence of grave rapes and sexual violence against women and girls in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) prompted the conduction of this study. The study aimed to explore the roles and effects of mass media on rape and sexual violence against women and girls in South Kivu. One main research question, which is, what are the cognitive, affective, and behavioral effects guided data collection, analysis, presentation and discussion of research findings. The study brought forward an intensive discussion on the way mass media play different roles and exert different effects on the audiences concerning rape and sexual violence. The study used the qualitative research which involved semi-structured interview and focus group discussions to collect data from 144 participants including government officials, journalists, religious leaders and victims. The findings revealed that respondents recognized the significant roles and effects of mass media in conveying, cognitive, affective, and behavioral changes on people with regard to rape and sexual violence. On cognitive effect, the findings indicated that 72% participants believed that mass media reporting was used as a tool to help activists and governments raise awareness and implement programs on the issues of rape and sexual violence in the community. In addition, 63% participants considered that mass media have been providing methods to reduce incidents of rape and sexual violence in DRC. On affective effect, two thirds of participants considered mass media as creating awareness and instigated courage among the victims of rape and sexual violence on how to cope with the trauma. But more than half participants also suggested that mass media incorporated images that convey destructive messages, causing more trauma and disinterest among the victims. On behavioral change, 67% participants thought mass media raised awareness among the community to protect victims of rape and sexual violence against the traumas and denials., news coverage about rape and sexual violence against women were sensational, exploitative, lacking serious analysis of the prevalence hence bring no significant impact on the fight against these incidents. The study also found that victims of circumstances, women and girls are experiencing multiple pathological hurt, including, physical, psychological and social consequences. Interviewees were of the view that in some cases mass media fuels the incidents of rape and sexual violence by putting stigmas to the victims with contents they cover. As the means to combat rape and sexual violence, the study found that mass media shaped public discourse, raised sensitization, through reporting and implementing programs about issues of rape and sexual violence in DRC. Keywords : Mass Media on Rape, Sexual Violence, female DOI : 10.7176/NMMC/80-07 Publication date :May 31 st 2019

The Role and Effect of Mass Media on Rape and Sexual Violence against Women and Girls: A case study of South Kivu in Democratic Republic of the Congo

Prevalence of grave rapes and sexual violence against women and girls in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) prompted the conduction of this study. The study aimed to explore the roles and effects of mass media on rape and sexual violence against women and girls in South Kivu. One main research question, which is, what are the cognitive, affective, and behavioral effects guided data collection, analysis, presentation and discussion of research findings. The study brought forward an intensive discussion on the way mass media play different roles and exert different effects on the audiences concerning rape and sexual violence. The study used the qualitative research which involved semi-structured interview and focus group discussions to collect data from 144 participants including government officials, journalists, religious leaders and victims. The findings revealed that respondents recognized the significant roles and effects of mass media in conveying, cognitive, affective, and behavioral changes on people with regard to rape and sexual violence. On cognitive effect, the findings indicated that 72% participants believed that mass media reporting was used as a tool to help activists and governments raise awareness and implement programs on the issues of rape and sexual violence in the community. In addition, 63% participants considered that mass media have been providing methods to reduce incidents of rape and sexual violence in DRC. On affective effect, two thirds of participants considered mass media as creating awareness and instigated courage among the victims of rape and sexual violence on how to cope with the trauma. But more than half participants also suggested that mass media incorporated images that convey destructive messages, causing more trauma and disinterest among the victims. On behavioral change, 67% participants thought mass media raised awareness among the community to protect victims of rape and sexual violence against the traumas and denials., news coverage about rape and sexual violence against women were sensational, exploitative, lacking serious analysis of the prevalence hence bring no significant impact on the fight against these incidents. The study also found that victims of circumstances, women and girls are experiencing multiple pathological hurt, including, physical, psychological and social consequences. Interviewees were of the view that in some cases mass media fuels the incidents of rape and sexual violence by putting stigmas to the victims with contents they cover. As the means to combat rape and sexual violence, the study found that mass media shaped public discourse, raised sensitization, through reporting and implementing programs about issues of rape and sexual violence in DRC. Keywords : Mass Media on Rape, Sexual Violence, female DOI : 10.7176/NMMC/80-07 Publication date :May 31 st 2019

Another story of the Open Letter: an inheritance of relationship-making

In 1979, four law professors wrote the “Open Letter” to the Chief Justice of India (OL). It was written as a way of registering public protest against a decision of the Supreme Court pertaining to the rape of a young tribal girl, Mathura, in police custody. Within contemporary Indian feminist jurisprudential accounts, this text has attained iconic status. The OL has been hailed for mobilising a nationwide women’s movement around the issue of rape and also for initiating rape law reform. In this paper, I move away from the iconicity attached to the OL in the annals of feminist jurisprudence, without disavowing its importance. By locating my reading in a backdrop of our current climate that is saturated with animosities, I attempt to tell a different story about it. I look at how Baxi’s scholarly practice of co-authoring the OL inhabited a conduct of relations with his co-authors, a judge, the tribal girl, Mathura, and his academic discipline of law in a post-Emergency India. In doing so, I weave a story about the OL as an everyday practice of reciprocal relationship-making, in its own time and place. My account of the OL attends to how, by creating reciprocal relations, we might be able to re-organise our worlds into a place that we desire to inhabit.