Isotype Heterojunction Research Articles

High efficiency p-n constructed photocatalysts based on exposed (040) crystal planes of BiVO4

Strategy of designing new-structured semiconductor photocatalysts with great electron-hole pairs separation is meaningful for improving the photocatalytic pollution abatement. Herein, on the basis of decahedral BiVO4 with largely exposed (040) crystal facet, p-n hetero-nanostructured NiS@(040)-BiVO4 catalysts with various molar ratio of NiS were fabricated by a facile two-step hydrothermal method to study the photo-degradation activities under visible-light irradiation. To photo-degrade anion methyl orange (MO), cation rhodamine B (RhB) and tetracyclines (TC), such nanostructures can all exhibit excellent photocatalytic activities. Compared with pure (040)-BiVO4 and NiS nanoparticles, 0.6 M ratio of NiS@(040)-BiVO4 possesses 8.6, 8.9 and 6.5 times higher photocatalytic capacity (MO: 98.6%, RhB: 99.1%, TC: 98.4%) and 49.2, 64.2 and 27.7 times faster photocatalytic rate (MO: 8.4060 h−1, RhB: 8.2854 h−1, TC: 7.6230 h−1). Detailed analyses show the superior light-harvesting, higher photocurrent response, excellent charge separation and improved charge transport properties are the main factors resulting the high efficient photocatalytic performance of NiS@(040)-BiVO4 nanostructures. Besides, the forming of facet isotype heterojunctions between (040) and (220) lattice planes in BiVO4 can also help to get more active photo-induced electrons for photocatalysis.

Boosting photocatalytic hydrogen production by creating isotype heterojunctions and single-atom active sites in highly-crystallized carbon nitride

Carbon nitride-based photocatalysts hold an enormous potential in producing hydrogen. A strategy to simultaneously create isotype heterojunctions and active sites in highly-crystallized carbon nitride is anticipated to significantly boost the photocatalytic activity, but is yet to be realized. Herein, we find that cobalt salt added in the ionothermal synthesis can promote the phase transition of heptazine-based crystalline carbon nitride (CCN) to triazine-based poly(triazine imide) (PTI), rendering the creation of single-atom cobalt coordinated isotype CCN/PTI heterojunction. Co-CCN/PTI exhibits an appreciable apparent quantum yield of 20.88% at 425 nm for photocatalytic hydrogen production with a rate achieving 3538 μmol h−1 g−1 (λ > 420 nm), which is 4.8 times that of CCN and 27.6 times that of PTI. The high photocatalytic activity is attributed to the Type II isotype highly-crystallized CCN/PTI heterojunction for promoting charge carrier migration, and the single-atom Co sites for accelerating surface oxidation reaction.

High Sensitivity of Ammonia Sensor through 2D Black Phosphorus/Polyaniline Nanocomposite.

Recently, as a two-dimensional (2D) material, black phosphorous (BP) has attracted more and more attention. However, few efforts have been made to investigate the BP/polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposite for ammonia (NH3) gas sensors. In this work, the BP/PANI nanocomposite as a novel sensing material for NH3 detection, has been synthesized via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization, which is then fabricated onto the interdigitated transducer (IDTs). The electrical properties of the BP/PANI thin film are studied in a large detection range from 1 to 4000 ppm, such as conduction mechanism, response, reproducibility, and selectivity. The experimental result indicates that the BP/PANI sensor shows higher sensitivity and larger detection range than that of PANI. The BP added into PANI, that may enlarge the specific surface area, obtain the special trough structure for gas channels, and form the p–π conjugation system and p–p isotype heterojunctions, which are beneficial to increase the response of BP/PANI to NH3 sensing. Meanwhile, in order to support the discussion result, the structure and morphology of the BP/PANI are respectively measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV−vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and field emissions scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the sensor shows good reproducibility, and fast response and recovery behavior, on NH3 sensing. In addition, this route may offer the advantages of an NH3 sensor, which are of simple structure, low cost, easy to assemble, and operate at room temperature.

Microwave assisted-polymerization synthesis of 0D/2D CNQDs/g-C3N4 with the excellent visible light photocatalytic performance

The 0D/2D CNQDs/g-C3N4 isotype heterojunctions were prepared successfully by a simple microwave assisted-polymerization method. Therefore, 0D/2D CNQDs/g-C3N4 composites show the excellent photocatalytic performance and high degradation rate of norfloxacin (NOR), which was two times as much as pristine g-C3N4. This work purposes to establish a simple and green method for 0D/2D composites preparation.

One step-polymerization for constructing 1D/2D oxygen doped g-C3N4 isotype heterojunctions with highly improved visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity

Constructing an isotype 1D/2D O-doped g-C3N4 heterojunction to boost the efficiency of g-C3N4 for the decomposition of organic pollutants under visible light irradiation is a practical approach. It is possible to use such materials to overcomes g-C3N4’s inherent disadvantage of rapid charge recombination. In this work, a straightforward, one-step self-polymerization technique for fabricating 1D/2D O-doped g-C3N4 isotype heterojunctions comprise of O-doped g-C3N4 nanotubes and nanosheets is presented here. A plausible formation mechanism supported by XRD and FT-IR analyses is proposed and investigated. The obtained results show that the fabricated materials exhibit a high surface area (114.4 m2 g−1) while the PL technique confirmed the rapid charge separation. Compared with the as-fabricated 2D g-C3N4 nanosheets, 1D/2D O-doped g-C3N4 isotype heterojunctions possess superior photocatalytic activity for RhB degradation under visible light illumination. The degradation pathway was investigated using LC-MS analysis. The improved photocatalytic degradation ability of 1D/2D O-doped g-C3N4 isotype heterojunctions is attributed to the enhanced absorption capability, high surface area, and separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers.

Gamma Irradiation Effects on n-ZnSe/n-Si Isotype Heterojunctions

To get an insight into the isotype heterojunction (IHJ) properties, the influence of gamma irradiation (GI) on the structural and electrical properties of n-ZnSe/n-Si has been presented. The ZnSe thin films were deposited onto the n-Si substrate by thermal evaporation technique. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed the nanocrystalline nature of ZnSe thin films with prominent (111) orientation. The gamma irradiated samples displayed no crystallographic phase transformation up to 10 kGy irradiation doses. But noticeable and inconsistent modifications in the different lattice parameters were observed due to irradiation-induced effects. From the analysis of I-V characteristics, it has been found a similar trend in the variation of lattice mismatch, Schottky barrier height and interface trap parameter at different irradiation doses. Thus demonstrating the poor rectification properties of n-ZnSe/n-Si IHJs due to intrinsic and gamma-induced defects, and their role in the space charge limited conduction (SCLC) mechanism that significantly dominating over the thermionic emission (TE) mechanism across the barrier.

In-situ high temperature XRD study on thermally induced phase changes of BiVO4: The formation of an iso-type heterojunction

Different crystal phases of BiVO4 were synthetized by co-precipitation method with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). In-situ high-temperature XRD was used to study the thermal stability and (ir)reversibility of phase changes. The presence of EDTA yielded a tunable iso-type homojunction BiVO4 within 360 < T < 490 °C that is composed of two tetragonal phases.

Photocatalytic H2 production with simultaneous wastewater purification over flower-like 1T/2H-MoS2-decorated CNT/CNU isotype heterojunction photocatalyst

Exploring low-cost and earth-abundant photocatalysts to efficiently release H2 from wastewater is an appealing solution for global energy and environmental issues. Here, we successfully prepared flower-like 1T/2H-MoS2-decorated g-C3N4 (thiourea)/g-C3N4 (urea) (denoted as CNT/CNU) isotype heterojunction photocatalysts via a facile ultrasonic dispersion method and researched the photocatalytic H2 generation and pollutant degradation performance in oxalic acid (OA) simulated wastewater. The results displayed that 20% 1T/2H-MoS2@CNT/CNU sample exhibited the highest photoreactivity, and the H2 release rate was 1563.32 μmolg-1h−1, which was about 96 times higher than the CNT/CNU. Meanwhile, it also showed the highest total organic carbon (TOC) removal rate of 67.5%. The increased photoreactivity of nanocomposites can be ascribed to the double-interface system to effectually improve the separation of photoinduced charges. Additionally, the experimental results further confirmed that the loading of flower-like 1T/2H-MoS2 could provide abundant active sites as well as expand the visible-light absorption range. Significantly, photoelectrochemistry measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations also confirmed that 1T/2H-MoS2 cocatalysts accelerated the charge migration. On this basis, the mechanism of 1T/2H-MoS2@CNT/CNU promoting hydrogen production and synergistic OA degradation was proposed. This research presents a prospective idea for the utilization of waste water and the simultaneous production of clean energy.

Few-layered g-C3N4-derived core–shell isotype heterojunction photocatalysts for efficient environmental remediation

In this paper, a series of isotype heterojunction photocatalysts with urea-derived g-C3N4 (CNU) as the core and cyanamide-derived g-C3N4 (CNC) as the shell are reported. A much thinner CNC shell which can protect the CNU core from thermal etching and determines the light absorption is beneficial to improve the photocarrier transfer and separation efficiency, pore volume, and the overall crystalline degree of the most active CNU/CNC2 core–shell isotype heterojunction photocatalyst for rhodamine B (RhB) degradation. Contrast experiments confirm that the electron-derived oxidant species (⋅O[Formula: see text] play key roles in driving the RhB degradation.

In Situ Construction of Porous g‐C3N4 Isotype Heterojunction/BiOBr Nanosheets Ternary Composite Catalyst for Highly Efficient Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Activity

AbstractIn this study, the composite catalysts with the heterojunction between DUPG and BiOBr were used to degrade methyl orange (MO), and a g‐C3N4‐based ternary composite catalyst was developed. In our previous work, we prepared a D‐C3N4/U‐C3N4 isotype heterojunction with ordered mesoporous (DUPG) by co‐mixed calcination and hard template method. On this basis, we prepared DUPG/BiOBr nanoparticle uniformly distributed on DUPG nanosheets by coprecipitation self‐assembly method. The hybrids form a tightly coupled heterojunction that enhances the photoactivity and photostability of the DUPG/BiOBr composites. The results show that this tight coupling is beneficial, which facilitates the charge transfer between DUPG and BiOBr, thus promoting the effective separation of photogenerated electron hole pairs. Under visible light irradiation, the methyl orange conversion of the sample has higher photocatalytic reduction activity than BiOBr and DUPG, and its excellent photocatalytic activity is improved by light‐harvesting ability, increased specific surface area, active species and target pollution.

1D/2D carbon-doped nanowire/ultra-thin nanosheet g-C3N4 isotype heterojunction for effective and durable photocatalytic H2 evolution

It is still challenging to design effective g-C3N4 photocatalysts with high separation efficiency of photo-generated charges and strong visible light absorption. Herein, a simple, template-free and “bottom-up” strategy has been developed to prepare 1D/2D g-C3N4 isotype heterojunction composed of carbon-doped nanowires and ultra-thin nanosheets. The ethanediamine (EE) grafted on melamine ensures the growth of 1D g-C3N4 nanowires with high carbon doping, and the ultra-thin g-C3N4 nanosheets were produced through HCl-assisted hydrothermal strategy. The apparent grain boundary between 2D nanosheets and 1D carbon-doped nanowires manifested the formation of the isotype heterojunction. The built-in electric field provide strong driving force for photogenerated carriers separation. Meanwhile, the doping carbon in g-C3N4 nanowires promotes visible light absorption. As a result, the photocatalytic H2 evolution activity of 1D/2D g-C3N4 isotype heterojunction is 8.2 time that of the pristine g-C3N4, and an excellent stability is also obtained. This work provides a promising strategy to construct isotype heterojunction with different morphologies for effective photocatalytic H2 evolution.

Fabrication of n-n isotype BiOBr-Bi2WO6 heterojunctions by inserting Bi2WO6 nanosheets onto BiOBr microsphere for the superior photocatalytic degradation of Ciprofloxacin and tetracycline

Fabrication of n-n Isotype BiOBr-Bi 2 WO 6 Heterojunctions by Inserting Bi 2 WO 6 Nanosheets onto BiOBr Microsphere for the Superior Photocatalytic Degradation of Ciprofloxacin and Tetracycline. • Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of efficient n-n isotype BiOBr-Bi 2 WO 6 . • Novel 2D-3D nanosheet-insertion-microsphere construction boosted catalytic activity. • Strong interfaces between BiOBr and Bi 2 WO 6 enhanced e - /h + separation and transfer. • The BiOBr-Bi 2 WO 6 = 8:1 showed superior degradation of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. • A detailed Z-scheme mechanism was elucidated based on experimental results. Ciprofloxacin (CIP) and tetracycline (TC) are emerging contaminants which seriously threaten the survival of aquatic life and human health. In this study, we report a facile and energy-efficient one-step hydrothermal strategy for the fabrication of n-n isotype BiOBr-Bi 2 WO 6 heterojunctions with nanosheet-insertion-microsphere morphology. Morphological characterizations indicated that two-dimensional (2D) n-Bi 2 WO 6 nanosheets were inserted or covered upon n-type three-dimensional (3D) BiOBr microspheres which acted as the support successfully restricted the aggregation of Bi 2 WO 6 nanosheets and supplied more active sites. The 2D Bi 2 WO 6 nanosheets enhanced the interfacial contact and improved visible-light absorption efficiency. Photocatalytic degradation experiments revealed that BiOBr-Bi 2 WO 6 = 8:1 exhibited superior CIP and TC degradation (90%and 96%, respectively) within 120 min as compared to that of the pristine BiOBr and Bi 2 WO 6 . Moreover, BiOBr-Bi 2 WO 6 = 8:1 also realized efficient photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (100%) and Methylene blue (94%). Excellent stability and recyclability remained in BiOBr-Bi 2 WO 6 = 8:1 composite after five consecutive cycles. Based on the band structure analyses, and radical trapping and electron spin resonance characterization results, a possible Z-scheme path of charger transfer was proposed to elucidate the enhanced photocatalytic mechanism. This study offers a novel avenue to design efficient n-n isotype heterojunction with superior visible-light response for refractory antibiotics degradation.

A review on dimensionally controlled synthesis of g-C3N4 and formation of an isotype heterojunction for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

g-C3N4-based isotype heterojunction towards visible light induced photocatalytic H2 generation.

Boron doped C3N4 nanodots/nonmetal element (S, P, F, Br) doped C3N4 nanosheets heterojunction with synergistic effect to boost the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance

Nonmetals doping are effective for adjusting the electronic and molecular structures of C3N4 nanosheets (CN), which could broaden the range of visible light response and improve the photo-induced electron-hole separation. Here a series of nonmetals (S, P, F and Br) doped C3N4 nanosheets (x-CN) decorated with boron doped C3N4 nanodots (BCNDs) was prepared for the first time. Compared with the pristine nonmetals doped CN, the integrating of BCNDs with x-CN can effectively facilitates the charge separation and transfer in the photocatalytic process, and endows enhanced photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production. The maximum photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of the BCNDs/S-CN, BCNDs/P-CN, BCNDs/F-CN and BCNDs/Br-CN composite can reach 3924.81 μmol·g−1·h−1, 2387.62 μmol·g−1·h−1, 2374.06 μmol·g−1·h−1 and 3471.56 μmol·g−1·h−1 respectively, which is about 3.3, 4.3, 4.0 and 3.1 times that of their counterparts, respectively. This work demonstrates that BCNDs plays an important role to improve the photocatalytic properties by forming 0D/2D isotype heterojunction with nonmetals doped C3N4 nanosheets and provides new members for heterojunction photocatalysts, which is conductive to further fundamental and applied research.

Synergy of photon up-conversion and Z-scheme mechanism in graphitic carbon nitride nanoparticles decorated g-C3N4-TiO2

Graphitic carbon nitride nanoparticles decorated with g-C3N4-TiO2 composite have been synthesized following hydrothermal method. Synthesis conditions have been optimized to achieve heterogeneous composite photocatalyst resulting in an improved visible-light photocatalytic property. Though surface area significantly decreased for nanoparticles impregnated C3N4-TiO2 (CNCT) in comparison to mesoporous C3N4-TiO2 (CT), CNCT has achieved 4.3-fold higher photocatalytic activity which underscores the dominance of factors other than surface morphology for the increased photocatalytic property in this system. Our results suggest the formation of isotype heterojunction played a crucial role in the delayed recombination of excited electrons. Broad and peak-shifted emission in photoluminescence spectra indicate the existence of n – π* transition that is responsible for the efficient utilization of lower energy photons leading to up-conversion. Transient photocurrent response and electrochemical impedance analysis further substantiate efficient photoresponse and electron transfer properties of C3N4 nanoparticle impregnated mesoporous systems under illumination from UV to IR range. Results demonstrate efficient photocatalytic reduction, specifically showing a significant utility of near IR radiation. We thus gather evidence that carefully engineered novel C3N4-TiO2/C3N4 heterocomposite by morphological and processing conditions augment Z-scheme and help up-conversion resulting in wide wavelength range responsive photocatalysis.

Multilayer Structure of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Copper Oxide as a Gas Sensor

Reduced graphene oxide and copper oxide multilayer structures were fabricated in a planar configuration by deposition on both ceramic and Si/SiO2 substrates with interdigitated Au electrodes by the spray method. SEM (scanning electron microscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), and elemental analysis investigations indicated that graphene oxide (GO) was obtained in a form of interconnected flakes consisting of 6–7 graphene layers for GO with the total thickness of ca. 6 nm and 2–3 layers for rGO with the total thickness of 1 nm. The lateral size of one flake reached up to 10 micrometers. Copper oxide was obtained by the wet chemical method. The number of sequential layers of the sensing structure was optimized to obtain good sensitivity and acceptable response/recovery times in response to the oxidizing nitrogen dioxide atmosphere. Both semiconductor partners revealed p-type conductivity. Formation of isotype heterojunctions between both semiconductor partners was taken into account and their influence on electrical transport explained. Optimized sensor structures revealed relative sensitivities reaching several tens of percent and acceptable response and recovery times in NO2 concentration ranged from a few to 20 ppm. Possibility of manufacturing sensors working at room temperature was shown, but at the cost of prolonged response/recovery times.

Functional facet isotype junction and semiconductor/r-GO minor Schottky barrier tailored In2S3@r-GO@(040/110)-BiVO4 ternary hybrid

Efficient interfacial exciton transfer and separation have been regarded as the foremost confront of semiconductor oriented photocatalysis. The simultaneous discovery of crystal facet isotype heterojunction across the (040)-reduction and (110)-oxidation facet of monoclinic scheelite BiVO4 crystal; and Schottky junction at the interfacial region of BiVO4 crystal with well-exposed functional (040) facet and r-GO sheets has been reflected as an efficient electron injection route. In this context lucrative architecture of a high productive all-solid-state Z-scheme charge transfer dynamics In2S3@r-GO@(040/110)-BiVO4 isotype ternary hybrid photocatalyst was carried out and well-validated by FESEM and HRTEM analyses. Photoelectrochemical measurements have revealed that the accumulated photo-electrons over the exposed (040)-crystal facet of BiVO4 truncated bipyramid easily cross the minor Schottky junction to expedite the unidirectional injection to the π–π conjugated two-dimensional planar r-GO structure. Besides, subsequent trapping of the injected electrons by the photoinduced holes of In2S3 leading to a superior charge carrier separation in the material, validated by PL, EIS, Mott-Schottky, and transient photocurrent analysis. Perceptibly, this intimate interfacial interacted crystal facet dependent electron shuttle provided a longer life span electrons and holes to settle in the conduction band of In2S3 and valence band of (110)-BiVO4, respectively, for elevated photo-activity efficiency. The In2S3@r-GO@(040/110)-BiVO4 ternary hybrid contributes 89.7% of Ciprofloxacin (CIP) detoxification in 150 min and 885.43 µmol of O2 evolution in 120 min. More in, the constructive interrelations of resultant Physico-chemical, photoelectrochemical, and augmented photocatalytic redox efficiency were well-illustrated. This unique association semiconductor ternary hybrid photocatalyst via metal-free mediating agent crystal-facet sandwich structure will provide a scientific innovative basis for rational design and realization of advanced Z-scheme photocatalytic system for energy and environment application.

Photocatalytic degradation of aniline blue, brilliant green and direct red 80 using NiO/CuO, CuO/ZnO and ZnO/NiO nanocomposites

Photocatalytic degradation of three dyes, aniline blue (AB), brilliant green (BG) and direct red 80 (DR 80) by transition metal oxide nanocomposites having p-p isotype heterojunction, NiO/CuO and p-n type heterojunction, CuO/ZnO and ZnO/NiO has been explored under sun light and UV light. The effect of reaction conditions such as initial dye concentration, catalyst dosage, pH, contact time and presence of electron acceptor on photocatalytic degradation of these dyes was investigated. A suitable mechanism has been proposed for the photocatalytic degradation of dyes by the nanocomposites with illustration. The results show that NiO/CuO has higher degradation ability on AB dye (91 %) than BG (82 %) and DR 80 dyes (67 %). Among the three nanocomposites, the enhanced degradation ability shown by NiO/CuO are due to its lowest particle size, reduced electron/hole pair recombination, high BET surface area and increased OH radical generation during the photocatalytic reaction. The percentage degradation of all the dyes was carried out under sun light and UV light. It has been found that the rate of dye degradation under sun light is slightly higher than in UV light due to the existence of all type of radiations in sun light.

In-situ self-assembly construction of hollow tubular g-C3N4 isotype heterojunction for enhanced visible-light photocatalysis: Experiments and theories

A highly reactive hollow tubular g-C3N4 isotype heterojunction (SCN-CN) was designed to enhance visible light absorption and manipulate the directed transfer of electrons and holes. The results of UV–vis DRS, XPS valence band and DFT theoretical calculations indicated S doping increases the visible-light absorption capacity and changed the ba nd gap structure of g-C3N4 (CN), resulting in the transfer of electrons from the CN to the SCN and holes from the SCN to the CN under visible light. In addition, the tubular structure of the SCN-CN facilitated the transfer of electrons in the longitudinal direction, which reduced charge carrier recombination. Furthermore, the optical properties, electronic structure, and electron transfer of SCN-CN were also studied by experiments and theoretical calculations. The antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) and dye Rhodamine B (RHB) were subjected to evaluate the photocatalytic performance of SCN-CN. The scavenger tests and ESR data showed that the h+, ·O2− and ·OH worked together in the photocatalytic process. Moreover, the photocatalytic degradation pathway was analyzed by LC-MS. This study synthesized a hollow tubular CN isotype heterojunction with high visible-light photocatalytic performance and provided a theoretical basis for CN isotype heterojunction.

{040/110} Facet Isotype Heterojunctions with Monoclinic Scheelite BiVO4.

Controlling the phase, crystallinity, and microstructure and fabricating a facet isotype heterojunction with a proscribed reduction-oxidation facet exposure factor have a strong constructive effect toward photoexciton separation and migration. In this respect, here diverse synthetic courses such as calcination (BiVO4-C), hydrothermal treatment (BiVO4-H), and a reflux method (BiVO4-R) are introduced to fabricate various hierarchical morphologies of highly crystalline monoclinic scheelite bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) with different redox facet exposure factors that have been well established by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analysis. The analytical and experimental investigations revealed superior photocatalytic upshots of a BiVO4-R {040/110} facet isotype heterojunction toward levofloxacin (LVF) detoxification (71.2%, 120 min) and the water oxidation reaction (530.6 μmol, 120 min) relative to BiVO4-C (42.3%, 434.2 μmol) and BiVO4-H (60.4%, 494.8 μmol). Accordingly, the BiVO4-R {040/110} facet isotype heterojunction (145.6 μA/cm2) expressed an enhanced photocurrent in comparison to pristine BiVO4-C (75.5 μA/cm2) and BiVO4-H (113.1 μA/cm2). The superior photocatalytic redox efficiency was attributed to well-exposed {040} reduction and {110} oxidation facets and a superior relative {040} facet exposure factor provoking an enhanced charge carrier separation over a BiVO4-R {040/110} facet isotype heterojunction. The spatial exciton separation over the BiVO4-R sample was well established by numerous analytical and experimental investigations. The effectual associations among physicochemical, photoelectrochemical properties, {040/110} facet isotype heterojunction, relative reduction-oxidation facet exposure factor, and photocatalytic performances of fabricated BiVO4 microstructures were well established, and the upshots of this research were discussed finely. The research signifies an effectual direction for morphology and relative reduction-oxidation facet exposure factor controlled fabrication of facet isotype heterojunction based materials for superior photocatalysis and could be advantageous for supplementary research areas.