Isopropyl N-phenylcarbamate Research Articles

The analysis of sprout inhibitor residues in the potato tuber

A method of determining small quantities of IPC (isopropyl-N-phenylcarbamate), CIPC (isopropyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl) carbamate) and DCB (2,6-dichlorobenzonitril or dichlorobenzil) in an extract by gas-liquid chromatography is described. A satisfactory separation of DCB by steam distillation of the homogenized tuber tissue, followed by an extraction of the steam distillate with an organic solvent (n-pentane) and concentration of the extract, appears to be possible. For IPC and CIPC steam distillation is only successful if a relatively small quantity of tuber tissue is treated in a large volume of water. An alternative method is direct extraction by homogenizing in dichloromethane. It is of importance, more particularly for IPC and CIPC, to take into consideration in the analysis the yields of these substances which are obtained after separation. The lower limit of analysis for the apparatus used in this study is ca. 0.3 p.p.m.

Postharvent Preservatives, Effect of Captan, Isopropyl N-Phenylcarbamate, Isopropyl N-(3-Chlorophenyl)carbamate, and Malathion on Keeping Quality of Plant Commodities in Storage

Postharvent Preservatives, Effect of Captan, Isopropyl N-Phenylcarbamate, Isopropyl N-(3-Chlorophenyl)carbamate, and Malathion on Keeping Quality of Plant Commodities in Storage

Postharvest Preservatives, Stability of Isopropyl N-Phenylcarbamate (IPC) and Isopropyl N-(3-Chlorophenyl)carbamate, (CIPC) Residues on Fruit Treated after Harvest

Postharvest Preservatives, Stability of Isopropyl N-Phenylcarbamate (IPC) and Isopropyl N-(3-Chlorophenyl)carbamate, (CIPC) Residues on Fruit Treated after Harvest

MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF ISOPROPYL-N-3 -CHLOROPHENYLCARBAMATE AND 2-CHLOROETHYL-N-3-CHLOROPHENYLCARBAMATE.

Microbial degradation of isopropyl-N-3-chlorophenylcarbamate (CIPC) and 2-chloroethyl-N-3-chlorophenylcarbamate (CEPC) was observed in a soil perfusion system. Degradation in perfused soils, and by pure cultures of effective bacterial isolates, was demonstrated by the production of 3-chloroaniline and the subsequent liberation of free chloride ion. Identified isolates effective in degrading and utilizing CIPC as a sole source of carbon included Pseudomonas striata Chester, a Flavobacterium sp., an Agrobacterium sp., and an Achromobacter sp. Identified isolates, effective in degrading and utilizing CEPC as a sole source of carbon, included an Achromobacter sp. and an Arthrobacter sp. CIPC-effective isolates degraded CEPC more slowly than CIPC, whereas CEPC-effective isolates degraded CIPC more rapidly than CEPC. Both CIPC- and CEPC-effective isolates degraded isopropyl N-phenylcarbamate (IPC) more rapidly than either CIPC or CEPC.

Effects of Litter, Incorporated Organic Matter, Soil Type, and Selective Herbicides on Seedlings of Downy Brome

The effects of various rates of 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (endothall), isopropyl N-phenylcarbamate (IPC), and 2-methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid (dicamba) on Bromus tectorum L. (downy brome) on four soils with surface litter and incorporated organic matter treatments were studied. Significant differences were found in reaction of downy brome seedlings to the herbicides in the four soils. The soil with the highest organic matter content generally inhibited herbicide action to the greatest extent. Straw mulch alone caused a significant decrease in growth of downy brome seedlings. Action of IPC was most inhibited by straw, and endothall the least.

Microbial Degradation of Isopropyl-N-3-Chlorophenylcarbamate and 2-Chloroethyl-N-3-Chlorophenylcarbamate

Microbial degradation of isopropyl-N-3-chlorophenylcarbamate (CIPC) and 2-chloroethyl-N-3-chlorophenylcarbamate (CEPC) was observed in a soil perfusion system. Degradation in perfused soils, and by pure cultures of effective bacterial isolates, was demonstrated by the production of 3-chloroaniline and the subsequent liberation of free chloride ion. Identified isolates effective in degrading and utilizing CIPC as a sole source of carbon included Pseudomonas striata Chester, a Flavobacterium sp., an Agrobacterium sp., and an Achromobacter sp. Identified isolates, effective in degrading and utilizing CEPC as a sole source of carbon, included an Achromobacter sp. and an Arthrobacter sp. CIPC-effective isolates degraded CEPC more slowly than CIPC, whereas CEPC-effective isolates degraded CIPC more rapidly than CEPC. Both CIPC- and CEPC-effective isolates degraded isopropyl N-phenylcarbamate (IPC) more rapidly than either CIPC or CEPC.

Herbicide Residues, Residues in Crops Treated with Isopropyl N-(3-Chlorophenyl)carbamate and Isopropyl N-Phenylcarbamate

Herbicide Residues, Residues in Crops Treated with Isopropyl N-(3-Chlorophenyl)carbamate and Isopropyl N-Phenylcarbamate

Versuche zur somatischen Beeinflussung der Organbildung pflanzlicher Embryonen

Experiments on influencing cotyledon formation in embryos ofEranthis hiemalis are reported. By treating the seeds with 100–2000 ppm solutions of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, α-naphthylacetic acid and even isopropyl N-phenyl carbamate one can obtain significant increases in twinning and in cotyledon anomalies (syncotyly and pleiocotyly of all degrees). Embryos can be successfully treated until approximately 2 weeks after initial opening of the follicles. X-radiations achieve the same effect, with doses of 2000–4000r corresponding to the treatments with 1000–2000 ppm 2,4-D-solutions. By using weaker concentrations and with sudden temperature changes one can likewise raise the percentage of syn-, tri- and tetracotyls, but pleiocotyls of the higher degrees (5 and more cotyledons) appear only when more intensive methods of treatment are employed. These forms which exceed the normal range of variability arise as bud-like embryo regenerates on the as yet undifferentiated original embryo.

Preplanting Applications of IPC and CIPC for Selective Control of Wild Oats. (Avena fatua)

In recent years, chemical control methods have been discovered for most common annual weeds with the notable exception of wild oats. Isopropyl N-phenyl carbamate (IPC) and isopropyl N-(3–chlorophenyl)-carbamate (CIPC) appeared promising in 1950 when they successfully controlled wild oats in barley at University Farm, Saint Paul, Minnesota. In the spring of 1951, investigations were started in an attempt to evaluate these two chemicals further for selective use in field crops.

Action of Isopropyl N-Phenyl Carbamate under Various Conditions

Action of Isopropyl N-Phenyl Carbamate under Various Conditions

Report on Determination of Isopropyl N-Phenylcarbamate and Related Compounds

Report on Determination of Isopropyl N-Phenylcarbamate and Related Compounds

The Use of C[superscript one][superscript four] in a Study of the Leaching Rate of Isopropyl N-Phenyl Carbamate

The Use of C[superscript one][superscript four] in a Study of the Leaching Rate of Isopropyl N-Phenyl Carbamate

The Determination of Micro Quantities of Isopropyl N-Phenylcarbamate (IPC) in Head Lettuce

Journal Article The Determination of Micro Quantities of Isopropyl N-Phenylcarbamate (IPC) in Head Lettuce Get access William E Bissinger, William E Bissinger Columbia-Southern Chemical Corporation, Barberton, Ohio Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Robert H Fredenburg Robert H Fredenburg Columbia-Southern Chemical Corporation, Barberton, Ohio Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Volume 34, Issue 4, 1 November 1951, Pages 812–816, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/34.4.812 Published: 08 February 2020

Differential effects of certain phenoxyacetic acid compounds and phenylcarbamates on plant species. II. Effects of foliage applications with special reference to yields of wheat

The effects of foliage sprays of various phenoxyacetic acid derivatives and of isopropyl n-phenylcarbamate on a dicotyledon, Phaseolus vulgaris, were compared. The carbamate was without effect and although all phenoxyacetic acid compounds were markedly toxic, they differed in the rapidity of their action. Wheat (Triticum vulgare) exhibited differential responses to phenoxyacetic acid compounds and to isopropyl phenylcarbaniate at different growth stages. Applications of four phenoxyacetic acid compounds to wheat at different stages of development, from late seedling to flowering, showed that grain yields were reduced most markedly by applications in the seedling stage; the butyl ester and amine salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid were more toxic than the sodium salt. 0.1 per cent. foliage sprays of isopropyl phenylcarbamate had no effect on wheat in the late seedling or tillering stages, but severely depressed the yield of grain when applied at flowering. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) responded similarly. Higher concentrations applied to wheat at pre-shooting also reduced grain yields. Flax (Linum sitatissimum), although susceptible to pre-emergence treatment, was not affected by foliage sprays of isopropyl phenylcarbamate at any growth-stage. 0.1 per cent. applications of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid as the sodium salt reduced flax yields only when applied at the seedling stage.

Reaction of Certain Plant Growth-Regulators with Ion Exchangers

1. Studies were made on the adsorption by and elution from several ion exchangers of six plant growth-regulators. Cation exchangers in the hydrogen cycle adsorbed much 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and its ammonium, calcium, and cupric salts, and in about equal amounts. Anion exchangers adsorbed much 2,4-D and its salts, but not always in equal amounts. Little or no 2,4-D or its salts was adsorbed by cation exchangers in the sodium or calcium form. 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid was adsorbed in amounts similar to those of 2,4-D except that less of the former was adsorbed by the cation exchangers. 2. Isopropyl N-phenylcarbamate was more strongly adsorbed than 2,4-D by cation exchangers in the hydrogen, sodium, or calcium form. Much less was adsorbed by the acid exchangers. 3. Much less 2,4-D was adsorbed by Amberlite IR-100 H when the pH of the solution was 3.3 than when it was 2,5 or lower. The amount of 2,4-D adsorbed by ion exchangers from solutions varying in concentration from 20 to 200 p.p.m, was in about direct proportion to the concentration of 2,4-D in the initial solution. 4. Solutions of NaC1, CaC2, or AlCl3 6H2, O of 0.75 normality caused less elution of 2,4-D adsorbed on Amberlite IR-100 H than did water. The amounts eluted by hydrochloric acid and water were approximately equal. Solutions of NaCl, Na,2SO4, and Na3PO4.12 H2O of 0.685 normality also eluted less 2,4-D from Amberlite IR-100 H than did water. Isopropyl N-phenylcarbamate, however, was eluted from IR-100 H by sodium chloride solution. 5. Hydrochloric acid eluted 2,4-D from anion exchangers, probably in typical anion- or acid-exchange reactions. 6. 2,4-D was mixed with Decalso and Zeo-Dur, respectively, at rates of 19.4 or about 64 mg. per pound. The mixtures were leached with three 2-inch columns of water. Much 2,4-D was removed by the first leaching, a smaller amount at the second leaching, and practically none at the third leaching. 7. About 93 micro-equivalents of six different growth-regulators were mixed with Decalso and Zeo-Dur and the mixtures were leached with a, 2-inch column of water. One-half or more of each compound was usually leached from the exchanger materials, and the different compounds were usually removed in about equivalent amounts. 8. Growth of plants in soils containing ion exchangers upon which NH42,4-D was adsorbed showed that much of adsorbed growth-regulator is nontoxic. Barley and white mustard plants: grew well in gravel-Zeo-Karb H mixtures containing NH42,4-D at concentrations of 100 and 10 mg., respectively, per pound of mixture. The growth-regulator may not have come into contact with the roots growing around the adsorbent or perhaps could not diffuse into or enter the plants.

Growth of Field Crops in Soil Treated with Chemical Growth-Regulators

1. In two field tests 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and isopropyl-N-phenyl carbamate (IPPC) were applied as top dressings in dry form at rates from 1 to 4 lb. per acre on neutral or alkaline loam soils at the start of the growing season. Successive plantings of Red Kidney beans, mustard, wheat, field corn, and sweet corn were made at intervals up to 52 days after the time of treatment of the soil. 2. Desirable control of weeds during the growing season resulted from treatment with 2,4-D, while IPPC did not influence dicotyledonous weeds and had only slight temporary inhibitory effect on weedy grasses. 3. Activity of the 4-lb. treatment of these growth-regulators, which was evaluated on test crops by means of the rate and amount of their emergence, number and condition of 30-day-old seedlings, survival of seedlings to maturity, and the amount of growth of tops, appeared to persist in the soil 7 weeks for 2,4-D and 5 weeks for IPPC. The growth of corn indicated that residual activity of the acid lasted longer than 7 weeks. 4. Growth-regulator treatments slightly prolonged the green condition of kidney beans; IPPC similarly influenced wheat. 5. Weights of shoots of mature bean or wheat plants grown in untreated soil and in soil treated with 4 lb. of 2,4-D per acre were equal when plantings were made 5-6 weeks after treatment. 6. The weights of shoots of kidney beans were generally slightly heavier than controls if plantings were made more than 4 weeks after treatment of the soil with 2,4-D. 7. Shoots of corn grew more rapidly and were heavier in soil pretreated with 2,4-D than in untreated soil. This stimulation was considered in relation to weed competition and residual activity of treatment.

Persistence of Some Plant Growth-Regulators when Applied to the Soil in Herbicidal Treatments

1. Greenhouse experiments for determining the leachability and persistence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in soil have been described. 2. When a soil was contaminated with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and then leached, it was found that the compound was present in the leachate. 3. It was demonstrated that normal plants developed in a green-house soil 8 weeks after the latter had been treated with high rates of 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Observations with respect to seed germination were similar. It may therefore be concluded that, under greenhouse conditions, this herbicide does not remain active in unleached soil for longer than 8 weeks. 4. In the field it was shown that 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid did not persist in soil for more than 80 days after treatment, while isopropyl N-phenylcarbamate had apparently disappeared within 60 days after treatment. 5. A field comparison was made of the persistence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2-methyl-4- chlorophenoxyacetic acid, and isopropylphen...