Islands Fisheries Research Articles

Aquatic Art Histories of the North Atlantic: Frida Zachariassen and the Faroe Islands Fisheries

Aquatic Art Histories of the North Atlantic: Frida Zachariassen and the Faroe Islands Fisheries

2021年山东长岛毗邻海域底层渔业生物监测数据集

As one of the most representative areas of the shelf-edge sea, the waters adjacent to offshore islands are important sea-land transition areas. The ecosystems in these areas are diverse and complex due to the dual regulation of natural environmental variabilities and human activities. The adjacent waters of the Changdao Island are characterized by typical island ecology and are key migration channels, spawning grounds and habitats of fishery resources in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea, which are of great significance to the food web process of fishery organisms in this area. From March to December 2021, the Shandong Changdao Fishery Resources National Observation and Research Station conducted a month-by-month survey of bottom fishery stocks with 10 stations per cruise and sample measurements in the waters adjacent to the Changdao Island. Afterwards, the index of relative importance (IRI), species replacement rate, catch per unit effort (CPUE), D (Margalef richness index), H′ (Shannon-Wiener diversity index) and J′ (Pielou evenness index) were calculated from the biological measurement data of the catches that formed the present dataset. The review and proofreading of this dataset was thoroughly conducted through extensive full-sample cross-checks by multiple reviewers to guarantee the standardization and accuracy. This dataset can provide data support for the study of spatial and temporal patterns of bottom fishery stocks in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea and the study of special island fishery ecosystems with migratory passage characteristics.

Study of the coastal reef fishery pressure in a South Pacific Island (Bora-Bora, French Polynesia)

In the context of the general overexploitation of South Pacific reef fisheries, there is a global push to precisely define fishery parameters such as fishing effort, annual landings, and exploitation levels. In Bora-Bora, several surveys were performed to define the fishing grounds and the fishing effort of the reef fishery for the first time. Maps of the fishing grounds under different fishing pressures were created for the Bora-Bora reef fishery. The average fishing effort throughout the lagoon was 40 trips week−1 km−2. Annual landings were estimated following two different methods: school participatory surveys and landing based on the catch per unit effort. These estimations were used to determine that the maximum sustainable yield of the island's fisheries was 6.5 tons km−2 year−1. the reported annual yield in 2022 was 5.35 tons km−2 year−1, under the estimated maximum sustainable yield. The level of exploitation of the fisheries was also estimated based on the catch size composition of the ten most fished species. This revealed that fishing is responsible for more than 50% of fish mortality in six of the ten studied species, and that catch length could be increased to optimize both catches and biomass. Overall, the Bora-Bora reef fishery may be experiencing growth overfishing (i.e., the catching of fish that are too small to maximise biological sustainability and economical yield), which can endanger stock recruitment in the future if no actions are taken.

Disaster risk in Caribbean fisheries: How vulnerability is shaped and how it can be reduced in Dominica and Antigua and Barbuda

Hurricanes and tropical storms have a substantial and sustained influence on fisheries globally. These threats present particularly significant challenges in Caribbean islands, where fisheries contribute towards economies, food security, and social and cultural identities. Yet, storm impacts on coastal communities and fisheries are a relatively neglected area of disaster risk reduction. In response, this paper reports on a novel application and adaptation of the Pressure and Release model (PAR) focused on Caribbean Island fisheries. The PAR is a well-established framework used to understand how vulnerability manifests and to identify appropriate policy and management options to reduce vulnerability and build resilience in the longer-term. This research highlights how this approach can expose underlying social, cultural, and economic factors that can either reduce or exacerbate vulnerability in the Caribbean island fisheries sector following extreme weather events using Dominica and Antigua and Barbuda as case studies. This study combines a literature review compiling data on underlying factors of vulnerability for Caribbean Island fisheries, with in-person interviews with fisheries managers from Dominica, and Antigua and Barbuda. It showcases the utility of the PAR in fisheries-focused recovery, and provides empirical evidence that fisheries play an important role in supporting immediate and medium-term coping and recovery after an extreme storm event. This approach has broader relevance for climate change adaptation as it highlights strategies for building resilience for fisheries-dependent societies.

Faroe Islands Fisheries in the Northeast Atlantic: Brexit, Russia, and economic incoherence

Among major fishing nations, the Faroe Islands is an exemplar of what should not be tried in the way of fisheries governance and management. Governance is not management, and the Faroes reinforces that point. The government has managed to degrade its demersal sector (cod, haddock, saithe), while undermining its pelagic sector (mackerel, herring, blue whiting) by alluring gifts of free quota for firms that have little interest in using a significant share of that quota. Not all free gifts are valuable. In this paper we document Faroese fisheries performance over the past 24 years to illustrate how things can go badly wrong. We develop econometric models of the demersal and pelagic fisheries to provide empirical support for a general account of incoherence and disarray. Pelagic quota has been given (for free) to demersal vessels unable to fish for pelagic stocks. This has maintained the number of demersal vessels at a higher level than is justified—only because such vessels serve as a destination for mackerel quota (that is then transferred to pelagic vessels). Such policies bring economic incoherence to both sectors. Faroese policies continue to undermine economic rationality in this crowded pelagic fisheries complex.

An automated approach for detection and classification of toothed whales in Hawai'i marine protected areas

Passive acoustic monitoring is an effective technique for studying cetacean presence within marine protected areas (MPAs). The Hawaiian archipelago is home to 18 species of resident toothed whales, but little is known regarding the spatio-temporal variability of false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens—FKW) and short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) across Hawai‘i MPAs. Bottom-moored recorders were deployed inside and outside the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary and Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument through SanctSound and Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center. High Frequency Acoustic Recording Packages (HARPs) and SoundTraps (200 kHz/48 kHz SR, respectively) deployed between 2018 and 2022, allowed leveraging of long-term datasets. Data used in this study include 27 deployments across 11 sites, encompassing >187 months of data. Here, we describe an automated approach for species classification which is challenging given the high spectral overlap in whistle features and acoustic masking during humpback whale season. PAMGuard detectors were used to detect whistles, clicks, and burst pulses. Features were extracted using PAMpal and species classified using BANTER models and confirmed from a Hawaiian Islands Ecosystem Assessment Survey annotated dataset. Acoustic monitoring provides vital information about the value of MPAs and a better understanding of endangered insular FKW habitat use.

Enhancing Fishing Port Services Quality to Support Fish Supply Chains of the Island Fisheries at the Belitung Island

Fishing ports are crucial to the sustainable management of fisheries resources and enterprises that depend on the fishery. The objective of this study was to analyze the levels of facilities availability and service quality of fishing ports in the islands through a case study of Tanjungpandan Islands Fishing Port in Belitung Island. This study was conducted by combining survey methods, observation, as well as in-depth interviews with the port users and managers. Due to Covid-19 pandemic, field research was conducted in two periods: from September to October 2020 and from January to February 2022. Respondents were selected by applying the snowball sampling method and resulted in 70 selected respondents, consisting of fishermen, skippers, traders, factory managers or fish processing units, and port managers. Structured questionnaires were used for data collection. It proceeded into descriptive-qualitative analysis and combined with SERVQUAL and IPA (Importance Performance Analysis) methods. The study demonstrated that six port facilities failed to meet the Nusantara (inter-island) fishing port standards as outlined in the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries' Regulation No. 8, year 2012. Eight port services that were considered important indicated low performance to support the island’s fish supply chain. The total score of basic, functional, and supporting facilities was 60.46% (within 0 – 100% scale) and considered as relative “good”. Therefore, given that the port is the main hub of marine fisheries activities on Belitung island, it is crucial to increase the accessibility, quality, and services of fishing port facilities in order to support the fish supply chain in the islands.

An unknown nocturnal call type in the Mariana Archipelago.

In spring/summer of 2018 and 2021, the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Cetacean Research Program deployed drifting acoustic recorders in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zones surrounding the Mariana Archipelago. Manual assessments revealed a low-frequency (median 473-554 Hz), short-duration (median 0.596 s), stereotypic tonal nocturnal call throughout the Mariana Archipelago. Based on time of year, spatiotemporal patterns, clear division among calls (i.e., no chorusing), comparisons with known vocalizations of whales, turtles, and fish, and presence of Bryde's whale calls, and because the call has not been detected elsewhere, we hypothesize this 500-Hz pulsed call is produced by Bryde's whales (Balaenoptera brydei).

Keeping Track of Hawaii's Bottomfish Populations With the Help of Citizen Scientists

The “Deep 7” bottomfish complex, which consists of six snapper and one grouper species, is a complex that carries high economic and cultural importance to the islands of Hawaii. These bottomfish have been monitored through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center's Deep 7 fishery‐independent surveys since 2016. These surveys use underwater stereo camera systems that produce hundreds of thousands of images that must be annotated by human analysts in order to generate species‐specific, size‐structured abundance estimates. We developed a citizen science project, called “OceanEYEs,” as a means to effectively process this imagery. A beta test was conducted to determine the accuracy of citizen science annotations in comparison to expert annotators. Our results suggest that aggregated citizen scientist data can achieve accuracy levels approaching that of expert annotators, which has the potential to improve image annotation efficiency and produce large volumes of high‐quality training data to improve machine learning algorithms.

Shocks within a Pacific island fishery: A historic study of events impacting the mother-of-pearl fishery in Papua New Guinea

Local, regional, and global events have potential to disturb fisheries systems embedded within international trade networks. Events associated with sudden and unexpected disturbances, or shocks, in fisheries systems are of particular concern because of their potential to adversely impact the livelihoods and well-being of coastal communities. For these communities in the Pacific region, export-oriented mother-of-pearl (MoP) fisheries have been, and remain, of great economic importance with additional dietary benefits. A lack of information and understanding of events associated with shocks in MoP production and trade, however, limits the ability to predict reactions and to develop appropriate responses to future economic, environmental, or political change. We conducted an integrated assessment of historic MoP export data from 1888 until present (2020) for the largest producer in the Pacific region, Papua New Guinea, to detect shocks and identify associated events. Absence of a trend in the frequency or magnitude of detected shocks and the range of associated events identified suggest that shocks are intrinsic to MoP fisheries systems, and that shocks occur due to varied, often multiple synchronous, events. Critically, legislated policy changes to gear restrictions, licensing, ports of export, size limits, and spatial limits were never associated with shocks, while changes to permitted taxa and export tariffs were implicated in triggering, or contributing to, shocks in MoP exports. The historical assessment of shocks undertaken in this study may aid management agencies in identifying potential risks and appropriate responses to build resilience in MoP fisheries systems, and in artisanal fisheries systems more broadly.

Black eye syndrome and a systemic rickettsia-like organism in Alaskan Chionoecetes spp. crabs, including normal eyestalk microanatomy.

A black eye syndrome (BES) was discovered in both captive and wild populations of Alaskan snow crabs Chionoecetes opilio and Tanner crabs C. bairdi. Field prevalences ranged from 0.37% (n = 594/161295) to 19.6% (n = 62/316) in snow crabs from the eastern Bering Sea and from 0.09% (n = 15/16638) to 0.7% (n = 133/18473) in Tanner crabs from the same trawl samples, with a slightly greater percentage (1.4%, n = 57/3945) in Tanner crabs from the Aleutian and Kodiak islands fisheries in the Gulf of Alaska. BES is not associated with crab mortality and has 2 distinct manifestations: abnormal black foci of internal eye pigment with no discernible histological lesions, which, in many cases, is followed by corneal shell disease with ulceration and distal eyestalk erosion. It is assumed for this study that these are early and late stages of BES that are somehow related. Our results suggest that early stages of abnormal pigmentation are noninfectious, possibly related to changing ocean conditions affecting crab endocrinology and neuropeptide control of secondary eye pigment. Potential light-induced photoreceptor damage of harvested crabs with dark-adapted eyes is another anthropogenic factor possibly contributing to the early changes in eye pigmentation. Normal eyestalk microanatomy specific for Chionoecetes spp. is provided as necessary baseline information for future studies. Early in the study, an unreported rickettsia-like organism (RLO) was discovered infecting dissected black eyestalks submitted for examination from 5 of 6 dead snow crabs, suggesting association with BES. Subsequent samples indicated the RLO was systemic, infected both black and normal-appearing eyestalks, and was unrelated to BES. However, the multiorgan infection and histopathology indicated the RLO could be a primary pathogen of snow crabs.

Industry-collaborative mesh trials to reduce bycatch in the Falkland Islands skate trawl fishery (Southwest Atlantic)

AbstractThe Falkland Islands conduct one of the few targeted skate fisheries in the world with total annual catches of several thousand tonnes. This bottom trawl fishery is characterized by relatively low catch volumes and product yield that challenge commercial profitability. Recently, one Falkland Islands fishing company acquired a large proportion of the skate ITQ, and to optimise its fishing operations, proposed a research collaboration with the Falkland Islands Fisheries Department for assessing the performance of trawls equipped with either standard 110 mm codend mesh, or larger 300 and 400 mm meshes. The results of the trial confirmed the efficiency of larger mesh codends to decrease finfish bycatch by 97–98%. Additionally, trawls with 400 mm mesh significantly decreased the bycatch of commercially valueless small skates that would experience high discard mortality. As a result of the trial, the Falkland Islands Government implemented a regulatory licence condition of 400 mm codend mesh for targeted skate fishing. Besides greater production efficiency, vessel operators are incentivized by possible wider access throughout the fishing zone. Further initiatives are anticipated to develop management measures by individual species, continue improving conservation through bycatch mitigation in all fisheries, and diversify Falklands skate products in global markets.

European Union–Falkland Islands Fisheries Relations Post Brexit

This article analyzes fisheries relations between the European Union and the Falkland Islands from a legal perspective, paying special attention to the impact of the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union on the fishing carried out in this British Overseas Territory. Following a brief overview of the fishing conducted in these controversial waters and internationally disputed maritime zones, it examines European Union–Falkland Islands fisheries relations, first until 31 December 2020, and second in the wake of Brexit, with particular emphasis on those measures (mitigation and treaty based) that the European Union might take now that the United Kingdom is no longer a member.

Ensuring the Sustainability of Coastal Small-Scale Fisheries at Pitcairn Island (South Pacific) Within a Large Scale No-Take MPA

The Pitcairn Islands, located in the central South Pacific, contain near-pristine marine ecosystems which support unique fish assemblages, together with both endemic and threatened species. Pitcairn itself is the only inhabited island in the group and, before this study, the environmental impact of local fisheries was unclear, with little data to inform conservation and management. In 2014–2015 coastal fish populations were assessed using a mixed methods approach: a newly introduced system of fishers’ catch monitoring and Baited Remote Underwater Video Systems (BRUVS). Thirty-nine BRUVS deployments recorded 88 species in total, with small-bodied herbivores (e.g., Kyphosus pacificus) and mesopredators (e.g., Xanthichthys mento) dominating a “bottom heavy” assemblage. Several large pelagic predators were recorded, but reef-associated predators were rare with only one shark observed. Pitcairn’s top predator assemblage was relatively impoverished compared to global “pristine” sites, including other islands within the Pitcairn group. Top predator scarcity may be explained by local artisanal fisheries, which have historically targeted sharks and other large reef carnivores, and these taxa may not have recovered despite subsequent declines in fishing pressure. The dominant small-bodied species may have proliferated as a result of diminished top predator populations. Subsequent to BRUVS sampling, a local fisheries officer post was created to collate catch data from coastal fishers. Regular returns were obtained from over half of the active fishers (representing approximately 80% of catches), with K. pacificus also dominating catches and the small grouper Epinephelus fasciatus frequently targeted. Thirty fish species were represented in the recorded catch over a 12 month period. Results were shared with the local community, providing a basis for the cooperative design of a Fisheries Management Plan. This plan ensured traditional fisheries could continue in a sustainable manner within Coastal Conservation Zones around each of the four Pitcairn Islands, established within the large, no-take Marine Protected Area designated in 2016, covering the entire Pitcairn Exclusive Economic Zone. Monitoring of Pitcairn’s artisanal fisheries should be continued beyond this one-off study in order to inform adjustment of the Fisheries Management Plan, as the ongoing island fishery may still have consequences for long-term sustainability, particularly for pelagic species caught in coastal waters which remain a significant data gap.

Regulating for social and environmental sustainability: A stakeholder perspective from the Bahamian spiny lobster fishery

Lobster condos, artificial habitats used as aggregation devices, are the predominant collection tool for commercial fishers in The Bahamas. Despite the fact that deployed lobster condos are in excess of a million, there has not been a study focusing on how or why local fishers are using these artificial habitats, or how they should be managed. Currently, the Bahamian government is considering the creation of new laws to regulate the use of condos within national waters. The Bahamian spiny lobster fishery is not currently deemed overfished, but there is uncertainty regarding lobster populations, current fishing methods, and successful management strategies. Although Maritime Stewardship Council certification was granted in 2018, more information on condo use and overall monitoring was deemed necessary. In this paper, we investigate fisher beliefs regarding current and potential regulations, and propose management strategies for the Bahamian spiny lobster fishery. Through informal interviews and semi-structured surveys, we examined the use of lobster condos by fishers, and stakeholder beliefs on regulating lobster condos and the lobster fishery more broadly. We found general support for regulating the use of condos, but island-level trends in the type of condo restriction supported. This research can be used to inform the policy process in The Bahamas as existing regulations are revised and new laws are developed, and can influence policy creation in similar small island fisheries.

A review on the use of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in fisheries management: A case of Mbenji island small-scale fishery in Malawi

Fisheries management has evolved in Malawi from a traditional system to a centralized regime and lately to co-management fisheries systems, although, success stories about sustainability of the fishery resources are few. Open access nature of fisheries resources has posed a challenge to management regimes. Resource over exploitation has continued in a majority of fisheries worsened by large stretches of the shoreline manned by a single fisheries field staff, and limited capacity by DoF to monitor and manage the fishery. However, isolated localities have upheld management styles that have facilitated sustainable exploitation. Mbenji Island fishery ‘managers’ have ensured high compliance to fisheries rules and regulations among fishers through strict enforcement and maintained abundant fish stocks amid visibly declining levels of fish in vast localities of Lake Malawi and other water bodies in Malawi. There is,therefore, need to take the Mbenji Island success story to other fishing communities to learn from their fisheries management strategies. Information Communication Technology (ICT) as a powerful means in mobilizing communities to take charge of their own development should support ‘best practices’ and offer fishing communities access to the same type of services and advantages. If appropriately applied,ICT can provide for real-time monitoring of fisheries resources as fishers alarm law enforcers to move in at appropriate times. Fishers also strike deals on mobile phones for the day's catch even before landing at shore. This reduces post-harvest waste from delayed handling of fish. Computers have been used for data management, storage and analysis as well as accessing internet services. Studies have shown commonalities in fisher communities in terms of socio-economic and cultural characteristics. On the basis of such an advantage, more could be shared among such communities. Management success can be adopted by other communities of fishers through use of ICT such as radio programs (supplemented by phone-in sessions) undertaken by local-level resource users. These programs provide locally available information and knowledge on best practices aimed at sustainability with means within communities. This encourages community members in other localities to come together to seek the way forward on the basis of lessons from successful communities aired on local radio stations (both community or national radio stations). It is easier to adopt practices that have worked in near vicinities. After all,what is currently called co-management is seemingly based on indigenous knowledge of fishers and other resource users. Mbenji Island is one of the custodians of ICT option in small-scale fisheries management of Lake Malawi. Information Communication Technology provides opportunity for both the Malawi Department of Fisheries (DoF) and fishers with information about fisher community activities including catch and market regardless of distance.

Examining the seascape of compliance in U.S. Pacific island fisheries

Noncompliance is a major threat to marine social-ecological systems. Recent noncompliance research has focused on illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fisheries and capacity shortfalls in marine protected areas (MPAs), but less work has assessed other aspects of noncompliance. Although there is wide recognition of the role of noncompliance in governance failures, the academic literature on compliance rarely acknowledges the connections between governance processes, compliance activities, and management outcomes. Likewise, scholars often highlight instrumental approaches that include law enforcement tools, instead of a diverse suite of non-instrumental interventions that encourage voluntary compliance through education, outreach, and targeted behavior change. We sought to understand the seascape of compliance across the United States Pacific islands region, an area of 5.83 million km2 that includes Hawai'i, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and one of the world's largest MPAs. The region includes commercial, subsistence, and non-commercial fisheries, and a diversity of cultures that rely on them. To examine compliance, we employed a qualitative approach, including an extensive review of historical and archival data sources, an analysis of the fisheries management literature in the region, and 29 expert interviews. While the literature highlighted the importance of enforcement, experts called attention to multiple factors that affected compliance, such as capacity, governance processes, and a lack of data. Although several fisheries may benefit from an increased enforcement presence, we argue that non-instrumental and governance approaches can complement enforcement and should be part of an integrated compliance approach both in the region and worldwide.

KAJIAN MINA WISATA SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF WISATA BAHARI DI KAWASAN PULAU SEMBILAN KABUPATEN SINJAI

Sinjai Regency has a coastline of ± 41.06 km consisting of ± 23.7 km of land area and ± 17.36 km of archipelago. The population of the coast is 85,167 people (BPS, Sinjai District 2016). This condition certainly provides opportunities for a variety of utilization businesses including the development and improvement of the tourism sector.The purpose of this study are: 1) To examine the potential of the nine island fisheries natural resources in supporting marine tourism activities. 2) To determine the level of land suitability in an effort to ensure the sustainability of fisheries natural resources on Pulau Sembilan. While the benefits of this research are expected as follows: 1) Can be a guideline in the development and management of tourism mina on Pulau Sembilan. 2). It is expected to be a source of information for tourism management and reference for further research.This research was conducted in the Sembilan Island area, Sinjai Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The study was conducted for 2 (two) months, from October to November 2018. The data used in this study were primary data and secondary data.The results of this study indicate that the Sembilan Island fisheries sector has great potential to be developed in the future as a marine tourism object. Seaweed cultivation and floating net cages are fisheries commodities in this region. Pulau Sembilan has an area that is very supportive for the development of seaweed cultivation and floating net cages with an area of coastal waters ± 3,831.72 Km².

Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Cooperative Ecosystem Studies (DOC)

Federal Grants & ContractsVolume 43, Issue 14 p. 5-5 Grant Alerts Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Cooperative Ecosystem Studies (DOC) First published: 18 June 2019 https://doi.org/10.1002/fgc.30496Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume43, Issue1420 June 2019Pages 5-5 RelatedInformation

Historical changes (1905-present) in catch size and composition reflect altering fisheries practices on a small Caribbean island

Effective assessments of the status of Caribbean fish communities require historical baselines to adequately understand how much fish communities have changed through time. To identify such changes and their causes, we compiled a historical overview using data collected at the beginning (1905–1908), middle (1958–1965) and end (1984–2016) of the 20th century, of the artisanal fishing practices and their effects on fish populations around Curaçao, a small island in the southern Caribbean. We documented historical trends in total catch, species composition, and catch sizes per fisher per month for different types of fisheries and related these to technological and environmental changes affecting the island’s fisheries and fish communities. We found that since 1905, fishers targeted species increasingly farther from shore after species occurring closer to shore had become rare. This resulted in surprisingly similar catches in terms of weight, but not composition. Large predatory reef fishes living close to shore (e.g., large Epinephelid species) had virtually disappeared from catches around the mid-20th century, questioning the use of data from this period as baseline data for modern day fish assessments. Secondly, we compared fish landings to in-situ counts from 1969 to estimate the relative contributions of habitat destruction and overfishing to the changes in fish abundance around Curaçao. The decline in coral dominated reef communities corresponded to a concurrent decrease in the abundance and diversity of smaller reef fish species not targeted by fishers, suggesting habitat loss, in addition to fishing, caused the observed declines in reef fish abundance around Curaçao.