Islamic Conference Research Articles

Fourth World Islamic Tourism Conference (WITC) 2024: sustainable development of Islamic tourism ecosystem

Fourth World Islamic Tourism Conference (WITC) 2024: sustainable development of Islamic tourism ecosystem

Hamka’s Legal Methodology on Hisab–Ru’yah in His Book “Saya Kembali ke Ru’yah”

This research endeavors to explore the contextual shifts in Hamka’s perspectives on hisab-ru’yah and his methodological approach to legal reasoning. It adopts a normative legal research methodology with a conceptual framework. Primary legal sources are drawn from Hamka’s book “Saya kembali ke Ru’yah”. These sources are scrutinized through the lenses of uṣūl al-fiqh and the sociology of knowledge. The findings of this study indicate that the transformation in Hamka’s thinking stemmed from profound childhood experiences and culminated in a notable enlightenment during his participation in the International Islamic Conference in Malaysia. Ultimately, his stance evolved dramatically, concluding unequivocal support for the practice of ru’yah (moon sighting). Furthermore, there are also figures within Muhammadiyah who endorse both ru’yah and istikmāl (completing the lunar month if the moon is not sighted). This support has fortified Hamka despite facing considerable criticism. From the perspective of uṣūl al-fiqh (principles of Islamic jurisprudence), Hamka’s shift in legal reasoning appears primarily theoretical, although he does not explicitly delineate the specific theory involved. This can be inferred from his interpretation of the hadith of ru’yah in alignment with the principles of manṭūq (explicit meaning) or dilālah al-‘ibārah (indicative meaning). In expressing his views, Hamka incorporates the opinions of scholars, indicating his reliance on the qaulī method. His personal joy during fasting and holiday celebrations concurrently reflects his alignment with the maṣlaḥah theory, enhancing unity and cohesion. However, this unity can only be fully realized under government regulation as the ūlīl amr (ruler), particularly concerning the outcomes of ru’yah and istikmāl. Such submission, beyond mere compliance, also falls within the realm of maṣlaḥah al-mu’tabarah (considered public interest). This research underscores the necessity of approaching legal provisions from multiple perspectives, rather than a singular viewpoint, to achieve the intended legal spirit and realize genuine benefits. Hamka’s methodology exemplifies him as a contextual integrative Muslim.

The Role of The Islamic Conference Organization and Expectations of The Future Role

The Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) is the foundation of Muslims in various dimensions of life. This research aims to identify the role of OIC globally. This research uses qualitative methods with a descriptive approach and a literature study. Research reference data was obtained from journals and reference books related to the role of the OIC. The study's results found ten dimensions of the OIC's role globally: politics, tourism, Islamic diplomacy, conflict resolution, humanity, cooperation for development, human rights, Islamic finance, world peace, and the development of science and technology. The OIC, as an association of countries with an Islamic background, needs to increase its role globally as a solution to various dimensions of problems experienced by OIC members. The implication is that in the future, we need to play an optimal role in population, poverty alleviation, finance, Islamic microfinance, halal economy, humanity and human resources.

İSLAMIN ALMANİYANIN DÖVLƏT-DİN MÜNASİBƏTLƏRİ SİSTEMİNDƏ YERİ

The Place of Islam in the System of State-Religion Relations in Germany Summary The German government regulates its relationship with Islam within the framework of state-religion relations reflected in the country's Constitution and based on democratic values. However, despite this, only the Christian and Jewish religious communities have the status of officially recognized religious communities in the country. Muslim communities operate in a semi-legal state. In modern times, such issues as regulating the relations between Islam and the state, controlling İslam, and ensuring the integration of Muslims into German society are the necessary issues facing the state in relation to Islam. These important issues are being implemented by the German Islamic Conference (AIC). The article examines the activities of AIC. Key words: Islam, Germany, state-religion relations, German Islamic Conference

PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM PERSPEKTIF INTERNASIONAL WORLD MUSLIM COMPERENCE ON EDUCATION: Telaah Ontologis, Epistemologis dan Aksiologis

The problems studied in the International seminar on Islamic Education are often important information. So that the author wants to study more specifically and know how to understand the concept of Islamic Education in the aspect of Islamic education conferences in ontological, epistemological, and axiological concepts. This research is a type of library research (literature study). For this reason, this research focuses on literacy work as a basis without the need for field research. The method used in this study is qualitative method. This world Islamic education seminar is not timed, this seminar can be formed at any time in accordance with the agreement, there is no difference between general knowledge and religion and the integration of science.

Successes and failures of conflict governance: Lessons from Aceh, Indonesia and Moro, Philippines

The purpose of this study is to analyze ethnic conflict management in Aceh (Indonesia) and Moro (Philippines) conflicts. The Aceh conflict was considered resolved after the signing of the Helsinki agreement, which was mediated by the Crisis Management Initiative (CMI), an international NGO based in Finland, on 15 August 2005 between Indonesian government and the Free Aceh Movement (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka, GAM). Meanwhile, the Moro (Philippines) conflict is still ongoing despite the TRIPOLI agreement signed and mediated by the OIC (Organization of Islamic Conference) between the Philippine government and the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) on 23 December 1976 and also with the MILF in 2001. This research method uses a qualitative approach. Primary data was obtained through interviews with figures who were considered competent in the Aceh conflict and the Moro conflict. The results of this study show that CMI in Aceh has succeeded in changing the situation of ethnic conflict into a situation that can reduce and reduce escalation and direct conflict actors towards conflict resolution. Peacemaking, peacekeeping and peace building have been played well by CMI involving the international community such as ASEAN and the European Union to manage the conflict. Meanwhile, in Moro the OIC failed to bring the conflict actors to solve their problems. The Philippine government lacks a robust vision, framework, and the necessary political will to effectively address the Moro conflict, which is of concern to the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC).

Yugo Wars: A Case Study on the Peacekeeping Efforts in Bosna-Hercegovina

This article is an examination of the history of ex-Yugoslavia, more specifically the region of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and its immediate neighbors. A brief history of imperialism, religious influence, and the impact of the World Wars within BiH will lead to a discussion on nationalist-separatism and Balkan independence movements. The article focuses on the drive behind, and the outcome of, the 1992 war within BiH that stemmed from BiH’s desire to be independent from Yugoslavia. The primary perspectives within the article are that of the Bosniaks, Croats, and Serbs. Outside actors such as Serbia, Russia, the United States, Pakistan, the Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC), Muslim terrorist organizations, the United Nations (UN), and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) will also be discussed to capture the various stakes and goals of the war. This will transition into a detailed breakdown of various UN and NATO missions, as well as their impact on the citizens and factions within BiH. The missions analyzed within this article will be the Dayton Peace Accords, the United Nations Mission in BiH (UNMIBH), the Stabilization Force (SFOR), the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), Implementation Force (IFOR), and the European Union Force (EUFOR). Transparency in BiH between parties to the conflict, the success or failure of peace enforcement, and the provision of effective rehabilitation assistance by the international community will be put into question. The article’s conclusion will analyze the value of peacekeeping within BiH as well as address the lasting social/emotional impact on the BiH community.

Analyzing the Dynamics of Islamic Stock Market Indices in Several Muslim Countries

Purpose: Analyzing stock price is very necessary to identify the overall price of the stock index, which the market players have various options and references to invest their money in the profitable securities portfolio. Based on the reason, the aim of this study is to examine the Islamic stock price movement in several Muslim countries joined in the Islamic Conference Organization (IOC). Theoretical Framework: This study refers to the theoretical framework that the integrated capital market can help everyone in analyzing the quality and quantity of the Islamic stock price movement, including its challenges and opportunity in the context of investment risk management. Design/Methodology/Approach: This research uses a descriptive-analytical method and comparative approach to examine the tends of Islamic stock price movement in six Muslim countries from the period January 2010 to December 2019, namely JII-Indonesia, DJIMY-Malaysia, DJTR-Turkey, DJIMKW-Kuwait, TDWL-Saudi Arabia, and QEAR-Qatar, which are analyzed quantitatively, statistically, and deductively. Findings: The results of the research show that the co-integrated of Islamic Stock Index are JII-Indonesia with DJIMY-Malaysia, JII-Indonesia and DJIMKW-Kuwait, DJIMY-Malaysia with DJIMKW-Kuwait, DJTR-Turkey with DJIMKW-Kuwait, QEAR-Qatar with DJIMKW-Kuwait. The Islamic stock index pairs confirmed through the VAR and VECM tests are only DJIMY-Malaysia with QEAR-Qatar, DJIMY-Malaysia with DJIMKW-Kuwait, and TDWL-Saudi Arabia with QEAR-Qatar. Research, Practical & Social Implications: This study becomes one example of the practical analysis of Islamic Stock Market movements that can be used to the stock market players in taking the consideration and decision for the investment in capital market. Originality/Value: This result of this study is originally limited in the Islamic stock index in six Muslim countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Kuwait. However, this can be explored more comprehensively in the same or various research objective by the other researchers.

Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) and its Journalistic Efforts

The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) is the second largest inter-governmental organization after the United Nations, with a membership of 57 states, covering four continents. The OIC is the collective voice of the Muslim world to ensure and safeguard their interest in economic socio and political areas. The OIC has Institutions, which implement its programs, established in 1969 with its headquarters in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The OIC aims to represent the Muslim world to protect and safeguard the vital interests of Muslims in the spirit of promoting international peace, security, and harmony as well as inter-faith dialogue among various people of the world. According to its charter, the OIC aims to preserve Islamic social and economic values; promote solidarity amongst member states; increase cooperation in social, economic, cultural, scientific, and political areas; uphold international peace and security; and advance education. The priority areas of the OIC-2025 Program of Action include issues of Peace and Security, Palestine and Al-Quds, Poverty Alleviation, Counter-terrorism, Investment and Finance, Food Security, Science and Technology, Climate Change and Sustainability, Moderation, Culture and Interfaith Harmony, Empowerment of Women in whole Islamic countries all around the world. From this research, we learned that who are the member countries of the Organization of Islamic Conference and what is their purpose? In this study, we found out which countries have made the OIC, what is the purpose of their agreement and unity, and what topics did they discuss and find solutions for the problems. The Islamic Summit includes Kings, Heads of State, and the Governments of Member States, and is the OIC's supreme authority. It convenes once every three years to deliberate, take policy decisions, guide on issues pertaining to the realization of objectives and consider other issues of concern to the Member States and the Ummah.

Jerusalem in the contents of the deal of the century “contents and analysis”

Jerusalem in the contents of the deal of the century “contents and analysis”

Pengaruh Identitas Politik Terhadap Regionalisme Timur Tengah: Integrasi Atau Disintegrasi?

The study of political identitiy in Middle East is an uniqe one due to the challenge that offered by both sub and supra identities. Sub-state identity indicates nationalism—loyal to its boundaries—and irredentism. Supra-state identity, Pan-Arabism and Pan-Islamism, that limit the loyalty to its state. Since Arab World and Islam World emerged in Middle East, this region became more integrated. This article will examine how political identities shape the region towards the integration. The theory of constructivism will play a significant role to analyize the impact of Middle East identites to conduct their foreign policy. The result of this study shows that Middle East countries’ foreign policies are mainly influenced by their identities as Arab nation and Islam nation. Both of these identities were created through historical interaction with the involvement of the external actors. Those identities shaped regionalism in Middle East through Arab League and Islamic Conference. However, it seems that the identities are collapsing since the institutions no longer functioned recently. Keywords: Political Identity, Regionalism, Middle East, Arab League, Islamic Conference Organization

‘Forum of Necessity’: Using French Law’s ‘Juge d’appui’ in Foreign-Seated Arbitrations as a Cure for Denial of Justice

This article explains how French arbitration law enables a party to turn to the French courts for arbitrations seated outside of France, when faced with the risk of denial of justice. It describes the jurisdiction and role of the French ‘juge d’appui’ (or ‘supporting judge’), in preventing a denial of justice in arbitrations that bear no connection to France. An analysis of French arbitration law and jurisprudence demonstrates that the French supporting judge is an effective solution to prevent a denial of justice when the arbitration agreement does not provide for a supporting judge. juge d’appui, judge acting in support of arbitration, supporting judge, denial of justice, defaulting party, appointment of an arbitrator, constitution of the arbitral tribunal, jurisdictional immunity, Agreement on Promotion, Protection and Guarantee of Investments among Member States of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, OIC Treaty, Secretary General of the OIC, most favoured nation clause

How do trade openness, public expenditure and institutional performance affect unemployment in OIC countries? Evidence from the DCCE approach

This study explores the relationship between trade openness, public expenditure, institutional performance, and unemployment in member countries of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) (formerly the Organization of the Islamic Conference). The conventional panel data techniques overlook cross-sectional dependence and yield-biased results. A new methodology called dynamic common correlated effects (DCCE) is employed to deal with the issue of cross-sectional dependence. The long-run results demonstrate that trade openness is inversely and significantly associated with overall unemployment and youth unemployment in lower-income as well as all the OIC economies and positively correlated in the higher-income OIC group. Public expenditure has an inverse and significant correlation with unemployment in OIC countries overall and higher-income OIC countries. Moreover, institutional performance and foreign direct investment are negatively related to unemployment in all OIC economies. The research shows the need for the continuation of open trade policies, strong institutions, and higher public expenditure in the OIC countries in order to decrease overall unemployment—in particular, youth unemployment.

Participation of the Organization of the Islamic Conference in the Settlement of the Bosnian Crisis of 1992-1995

The Bosnian Crisis became a milestone in the process of disintegration of Yugoslavia. An important role in the development and settlement of the conflict was played by external actors, represented both by the countries of the West, as well as NATO and the EU, and by the Muslim community, which actively supported their co-religionists in Bosnia. On behalf of the latter, the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC, since 2011 — the Organization of Islamic Cooperation), which is the most authoritative and representative Muslim international organization, spoke. The position of the OIC, its interaction with the Bosnian leadership and other parties to the conflict significantly influenced the outcome of the Bosnian Crisis, despite the fact that most researchers tend to classify the OIC as a secondary participant in the process. The topic of the Bosnian conflict became one of the key ones at several conferences of foreign ministers of the OIC member countries, and the consolidated position of Muslim states developed at them in support of the Bosnians, according to the authors, prompted other stakeholders in the issue of resolving the conflict to more decisive action. The organization itself pursued the goal of including Bosnia and Herzegovina in its sphere of influence, but in the future this Balkan state will never become a member of the OIC, being content with observer status to this day. Nevertheless, the impact of international Islamic structures and, above all, the OIC on the course of hostilities and the political settlement in Bosnia and Herzegovina was a significant factor that retained its significance in the post-war period. Thus, the study of the history of interaction between the OIC and the Bosnian side seems relevant in order to identify the role and influence of the Islamic world on political processes in the Western Balkans and, above all, in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

IRAQ in 13th Hijri (An objective studying)

Namely, the Republic of Iraq, with its capital in the city of Baghdad, Iraq is located in the western part of the continent of Asia, and it overlooks the Arabian Gulf. It is a federal parliamentary state, and it joins the membership of the League of Arab States, the Organization of the Islamic Conference, and OPEC. In the past, Iraq was called Mesopotamia. It is well-known that Iraq is the birthplace of many prophets, including Ibrahim Al-Khalil, Adam, Noah, Hood, Salih, Solomon, Dhul-Kifl, and Ayoub, peace be upon them all. It is also considered a shrine for many imams; Such as Imam Ali bin Abi Talib, Imam AlHussein, Imam Al-Abbas, Al-Kazimeen Imams, Imam Abu Hanifa Al-Numan and others. The republic consists of 18 officially recognized governorates, and an unofficial governorate in addition to the Halabja governorate in the Kurdistan region. These governorates have a population of approximately 37,056,169 people, according to 2015 statistics; Where the Arab sects constitute 80% of the total population, the Kurds constitute 15%, and the rest of the percentages are distributed among Assyrians, Turkmen, Armenians and other minorities. It is not easy to write about creativity in Iraq for a whole century within a few papers, for it is necessary to be patient, deliberate, and cautious before rooting the saying in evaluation and judgment in order to avoid falling into error in judgments, and to achieve a greater degree of objectivity. The stage is long, the poets are many, the stations at which one should stand are many, and the articulated poems that stirred the water of the blessing, and constituted a contribution to the modernization movement, starting from the stage of revival, and until the stage of open texts at the end of the last century differed, which made most critics’ opinions focus on the eras. Which rose to the level of transformations, and included between its wings generations of creators, so the talk about generations was more systematic than others, so I referred to their combined achievements, while acknowledging some individual efforts timidly

Mathias Rohe. Das islamische Recht - Geschichte und Gegenwart. München: C. H. Beck , 3.Baskı, 2011, 612 p.

Eserin müellifi Mathias Rohe Alman bir hukukçu ve İslam araştırmacısıdır. Erlangen-Nürnberg şehrinin Friedrich-Alexander-Üniversitesi’nde Medeni Hukuk, Uluslararası Özel Hukuk ve Mukayeseli Hukuk kürsüsü başkanı olan yazar EZIRE’nin (Avrupa’da İslam ve Hukuk Erlangen Merkezi) direktörü ve GAIR’nin (Arap ve İslam Hukuku Topluluğu) kurucu üyesidir. 2001 ile 2007 yılları arasında Nürnberg Eyalet Mahkemesinde hakimlik görevini ifa etmiştir. 2006 ile 2009 yılları arasında Almanya İçişleri Bakanlığı tarafından Müslüman toplum temsilcileri ve entelektüelleriyle yürütülen “Alman İslam Konferansı”nın (Deutsche Islamkonferenz DIK) üyeliğini yapmıştır. 2018 yılında Ankara Üniversitesi tarafından kültür ve ülkeler arası diyaloğa katkılarından ötürü fahri doktora unvanına layık görülmüştür.

THE ROLE OF ISLAMIC CONFERENCE ORGANIZATIONS (OIC) IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ISLAMIC TOURISM IN MUSLIM COUNTRIES

Islamic tourism is defined as a tourist trip aimed at providing tourist services and facilities for Muslim tourists in accordance with Islamic principles. There are several terms used in addition to Islamic Tourism, namely Halal Tourism, Sharia Tourism, Muslim-Friendly Tourism. Meanwhile, the Global Muslim Travel Index as an institution that focuses on developing world halal tourism explains that halal tourism is tourism that is carried out in accordance with Islamic principles with the aim of providing friendly facilities and services to Muslim tourists. The problem is the role of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) in the implementation of Islamic Tourism in Muslim countries. The research method is normative juridical research. The conclusion is that the role of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) in the application of Islamic Tourism in Muslim countries can be concluded with sharia tourism which has been introduced since 2000 from the discussion of the meeting of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC). Sharia tourism is a tourist demand based on the lifestyle of Muslim tourists during the holidays. In addition, sharia tourism is tourism that is flexible, rational, simple and balanced. This tourism aims to motivate tourists to get happiness and blessings from Allah SWT. Halal tourism is an adoption of non-Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC) countries which see the great potential of Muslim growth around the world. Halal tourism was created to accommodate the needs of worship for Muslims in non-OIC countries, such as the provision of places of worship (mushola) and halal restaurants. Countries that are quick to seize the opportunity of this Muslim-friendly tourism service are Thailand, Japan, Singapore, Korea, Australia, New Zealand, UK, France, Malaysia, and many other countries.

فك رموز اتفاقية الاستثمار لمنظمة التعاون الإسلامي في ضوء قضية "اتصالنا" لجمهورية العراق

Promulgated in 1981, the purpose of the Agreement on Promotion and Protection and Guarantee of Investments among Member States of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (nowadays the Organization of Islamic Cooperation) (the “OIC Investment Agreement” or the “Agreement”) is to provide guidelines for the treatment of investments between member States of the Organization. The Agreement provides for investor compensation if the State hosting the investment breaches the Agreement’s substantive terms. Disputes arising under the OIC Investment Agreement are subject to the resolution provisions in Article 17, which provides for conciliation and arbitration. Although, since its entry into force, several investors have attempted to make use of its dispute resolution mechanism, since information on the outcome of these cases is limited. The two arbitral awards that are publicly available, in conjunction with recent practice followed by investors, reveal that the dispute settlement provisions of the Agreement are not free from ambiguity. In light of the recent Itisaluna Iraq LLC and others v. Republic of Iraq case, this article sets out to elucidate a series of problematic issues pertaining to the interpretation and the application of the Agreement’s dispute settlement provisions, as they have risen from publicly availably arbitral awards and other decisions. These include whether: a) the Agreement provides for investor-State dispute settlement; b) conciliation is a precondition to arbitration; and c) investors can use the Most Favored Nation clause (MFN) of the Agreement for dispute settlement purposes. These issues are of significance for pending and future cases under the OIC Investment Agreement. Given the ambiguities of the language of the OIC Investment Agreement, it is preferable that future claimants follow the OIC dispute settlement process as faithfully as possible. Such an approach will immunize them to a great degree from jurisdictional pitfalls of importing separate dispute resolution frameworks via MFN.

MUSLIM COMMUNITY IN GERMANY: CURRENT CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

A recent study showed that the number of Muslims had increased significantly in Germany since 2015. Many of them still face challenges in terms of employment and training. Religion may be a secondary cause of these challenges, "but it does not hinder integration in general." "We will do that," was the most famous phrase of German Chancellor Angela Merkel, in 2015, referring to her that her country is capable and ready to receive a large number of refugees, when Germany opened its doors to them and received about one million people, most of them from the Middle East, especially Syria. The author conducted a literature study by quoting from various sources as well as using a descriptive and comparative analysis approach, after about six years, the number of Muslims in Germany has become much larger, and the demographic structure has become less homogeneous, according to a recent official study, conducted by the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (PAMF) at the request of the Islam Conference in Germany and the Federal Ministry of the Interior. However, the growing number of Muslims in Germany came under pressure as their numbers grew. Sometimes due to hatred and incitement from outside and within Germany itself. Cultural differences, especially religion, have become a catalyst for the emergence of such hatred. The number of Muslims continues to increase in line with the increasing efforts in cultural assimilation and the ongoing adjustment of the social environment that has changed the situation, which is expected to be better than the previous situation.

The Role of Institution and Macroeconomic Policy Mix on Economic Growth in Muslim Country

This study examines the role of the fiscal and monetary policy mix on economic growth with the St. model. Louis, which Andersen and Jordan developed in 1968, included the variable quality of institutions (governance) as a moderator. This research model uses the independent variable in the form of money supply (M) as a proxy for monetary policy and government expenditure (G) and government debt (D) as a proxy for fiscal policy. The governance index variable (INS) consists of 6 indicators, namely 1). Voice and Accountability; 2). Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism; 3). Government Effectiveness; 4). Regulatory Quality; 5). Rule of Law; 6). Control of Corruption. The objects of this research are all member countries of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC), 57 countries. Due to the limited data that can be accessed, 46 countries were selected as research samples with a research period of 2005-2018. The analytical tool used in this study is a moderating panel data regression consisting of 28 equations. This study indicates that fiscal policy (government expenditure) and monetary policy (money supply) have a significant effect on economic growth. The government debt has a negative effect on economic growth in OIC countries. The quality of governance has a positive effect on economic growth in the OIC countries. This shows the important role of the quality of governance in the economy, as in the latest economic growth theory. The quality of governance cannot moderate the effect of the fiscal and monetary policy mix on economic growth in the OIC countries. The governance index plays a more direct role in economic growth, not as an effective moderator for government economic policies. The governance index is more effective in moderating various economic variables, which are private economic activities.