Injectable acid-labile thermosensitive magnetic hydrogel with responsive drug release for bridging liver transplantation in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Multifunctional POSS-based nanoparticles functionalized with silver, SPIONs, and rhamnolipid for antibacterial applications.

Magnetically functionalized zein-alginate hydrogel coatings enhance angiogenesis-driven bone regeneration and implant osseointegration.

Screening of transcytosable iron oxide nanoparticles (TIONs) for deep tissue-penetrating imaging.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant brain tumor with limited treatment options. While natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy shows promise in cancer treatment, effective tumor targeting remains a challenge. This study investigates the use of folic acid-modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs-PEG-FA) to magnetize NK cells, enabling them to accumulate at the tumor site under an external magnetic field while retaining their cytotoxic activity against GBM cells. SPIONs-PEG-FA were synthesized using PEGylation and coprecipitation to ensure efficient NK cell uptake. Their successful synthesis was confirmed through material characterization, including X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. In vitro studies evaluated their safety, cellular uptake, and cytolytic activity, whereas in vivo experiments assessed tumor targeting and therapeutic efficacy in GBM-bearing mice. SPIONs-PEG-FA-loaded NK cells were successfully developed for targeted GBM therapy. In vitro studies confirmed their safety and effectiveness against GBM tumor cells, whereas transmission electron microscopy analysis verified the cellular uptake of SPIONs-PEG-FA by NK cells. In vivo experiments in GBM-bearing mice demonstrated improved tumor targeting, enhanced cytolytic efficiency, and overall safety of SPIONs-PEG-FA-loaded NK cells. SPIONs-PEG-FA-loaded NK cells represent a promising approach for targeted GBM therapy. Their successful synthesis and characterization, coupled with in vitro and in vivo validation, highlight their potential for improved therapeutic outcomes. This magnetic field-guided NK cell therapy offers a promising strategy for overcoming challenges in GBM treatment.

Synthesis of a magnetically heatable ceria–supported ruthenium catalyst via deposition of nanocrystalline ceria on silica-coated magnetic iron–oxide nanoparticles

Green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using Hedychium spicatum leaf and rhizome extract: GC-MS profiling and evaluation of antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antibacterial activities

Multifunctional oxygen vacancy defect-rich magnetic nanoplatforms for MR imaging and enhanced chemodynamic therapy synergized with chemotherapy and photothermal therapy.

Nano-radiomics integrates nanotechnology with radiomics to revolutionize diagnostic imaging by enhancing contrast agents' efficiency, thereby substantially reducing radiation exposure across multiple imaging modalities — including computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Engineered nanoparticles, including quantum dots (QDs), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), and mesoporous silica nanoparticles, offer superior signal-to-noise ratios, organ-specific targeting capabilities, and tunable surface chemistry that renders them ideal contrast agents for low-dose imaging protocols compliant with the As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) principle. This comprehensive review systematically examines the physicochemical mechanisms of nanoparticle-based contrast agents, their preclinical and emerging clinical applications in oncology, cardiovascular imaging, and neuroimaging, and the translational challenges impeding widespread adoption — including biocompatibility concerns, regulatory pathways, scalability, and inter-scanner variability. We further explore the synergistic potential of nano-radiomics with artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning, which enables real-time dose optimization, automated radiomic feature extraction, and predictive clinical modelling. Radiation dose reductions of 30–50% have been documented in multiple studies without compromising diagnostic accuracy. A forward-looking analysis of future research directions, emerging nanoparticle classes, and personalized medicine applications is presented.

Green synthesis of the Azadirachta indica-derived iron oxide nanoparticles and their use in the enhanced oil recovery

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) enable enhanced magnetic drug targeting and theranostic applications. This study investigated potential toxic effects of SPIONs developed for drug delivery applications. Gold-modified SPIONs (SPION-Au-Cit) produced via alkaline precipitation were analyzed in terms of their hydrodynamic size, ζ-potential, magnetic susceptibility, and crystal structure. Biocompatibility of SPION-Au-Cit was tested in vitro in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and primary human fibroblasts, as well as in vivo, in chick embryos. SPION-Au-Cit had a hydrodynamic diameter of 120 nm and ζ potential of −60 mV at pH 7. In the flow cytometric analyses, SPION-Au-Cit were well tolerated by primary human fibroblasts up to a concentration of 25 µg Fe/mL, but were toxic to HUVECs at and above 10 µg Fe/mL. In contrast, endothelial toxicity was less pronounced in real-time cell analysis and wound-healing assays, although the particles were strongly internalized by HUVECs. The injection of SPION-Au-Cit (45 µg) into chick embryos resulted in progressive hemoglobin oxidation, leading to high fetal toxicity. The magnetic accumulation of SPIONs under flow conditions was investigated in vitro and modeled in silico. Under arterial-like flow conditions in vitro, a strong time-dependent magnetic accumulation of SPION-Au-Cit was observed at a concentration of 2.5 µg Fe/mL. SPION-Au-Cit showed pronounced toxicity in endothelial cells and chick embryos. Although the magnetic properties of SPION-Au-Cit enable their effective accumulation even under flow conditions, their potential biomedical applications would require both precise targeting and careful dose-finding studies to prevent harmful off-target effects.

Importance of the Work: Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (International Society for Plant Pathology; www.isppweb.org) is a devastating plant disease that is difficult to control with conventional methods. Green-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) offer a sustainable, eco-friendly and biocompatible alternative. Their biogenic production uses natural extracts, reduces toxic inputs and energy consumption, and provides strong antibacterial activity. Objectives: To review the biogenic synthesis of IONPs from plant and microbial sources, and to evaluate their mechanisms, characterization and potential for bacterial wilt control. Materials and Methods: The synthesis process involved three stages: reduction of metal salts by biomolecules, nucleation and growth into nanoscale clusters, and stabilization/capping to prevent aggregation. Characterization of these IONPs was performed using a suite of techniques: ultraviolet-visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force spectroscopy (AFM). Results: The reviewed studies showed that green-synthesized IONPs exhibited strong antibacterial efficacy against R. solanacearum both in vitro and in greenhouse trials. In tomato plants, root-zone treatments and foliar applications significantly reduced disease incidence dropping as low as 13.09% compared to 98.01% in untreated controls in some reports. Furthermore, IONPs improved plant growth parameters, including biomass, shoot length and chlorophyll content, while enhancing soil health through increased enzyme activity and nutrient availability. Main Findings: The primary finding was that IONPs combat bacterial wilt through a multifaceted mechanism involving: disrupting bacterial cell membranes via electrostatic interactions; generating reactive oxygen species that damage DNA and proteins; and inhibiting the formation of protective biofilms by interfering with quorum sensing. These findings suggest that integrating IONPs into disease management strategies could substantially reduce reliance on chemical pesticides and enhance agricultural resilience.

An emulsion-based self-assembly strategy for the formation of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPION) clusters with precisely tunable silica spacers is reported. Systematic control of the silica shell thickness enables modulation of magnetic inter-core spacing within the clusters. This results in a pronounced enhancement in Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) signal generation, attributed to a combination of enhanced long-range magnetic dipole-dipole coupling interaction, the suppression of short-range exchange-like coupling interaction and the passivation of SPION surface spin disorder. The interplay between effects gives rise to an increase in harmonic content of clustered core@shell particles compared with their non-clustered counterparts, resulting in brighter MPI images.

We examine the magnetic properties of ∼23 nm single domain nanocubes and ∼200 nm multidomain iron oxide nanoparticles that are surface functionalized with poly(L- or D-phenylalanine) chiral brushes of variable length. Interestingly, the larger nanoparticles manifest a remanent magnetization in all directions, i.e., display monopole-like or hedgehog behaviour that depends on the handedness of the brush. Conversely, no such response is observed in the smaller nanoparticles. The emergent monopole-like magnetic properties are attributed to the chiral-induced spin selectivity effect acting on the magnetic domain structure, single vs. multidomain, to imprint a magnetization bias on the nanoparticles. Collectively, this study reveals a facile approach for the formation of hedgehog magnetic nanoparticles and outlines features necessary for their formation.

Objective.Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is an emerging imaging modality that offers high sensitivity and the potential for high-speed imaging. In many MPI applications, the imaged object moves over time, requiring reconstruction of temporally coherent image sequences at short frame intervals. However, conventional MPI reconstruction methods, such as the system matrix method and X-space method, typically reconstruct frames in isolation and fail to fully exploit the temporal correlations essential for dynamic imaging, resulting in degraded temporal reconstruction quality. Recently developed deep learning-based MPI reconstruction methods address only portions of the reconstruction pipeline, failing to generate images directly from raw signals while overlooking temporal dependencies.Approach.To address this gap, we propose an end-to-end deep-learning framework that directly reconstructs high-quality temporally consecutive MPI image sequences at a short frame interval from one-dimensional voltage signals. The proposed time series MPI Net (TSMPI-Net) integrates temporal and spatial correlation modules into a generative adversarial network. We trained and evaluated the model on a large simulated time-series dataset and an in-house semi-measured dataset. Additionally, we applied the network to experimentally acquired MPI sequences from moving phantoms after uniform signal segmentation.Main results.On the simulated dataset, TSMPI-Net accurately reconstructed time-series MPI image sequences. On the in-house dataset, it outperformed the system-matrix method and several representative deep-learning baselines by more faithfully reconstructing fine-scale spatial distributions of super paramagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles and improving temporal consistency across frames, yielding improved quantitative metrics. For real phantom data acquired at a 40 ms frame interval, TSMPI-Net enabled robust end-to-end reconstruction of time-series MPI image sequences and improves temporal reconstruction quality compared with the system matrix baseline.Significance.These results validate TSMPI-Net as a practical sequence-aware, end-to-end reconstruction approach for time-series MPI, which enhances overall spatiotemporal reconstruction quality without requiring modifications to MPI hardware or acquisition protocols.

Iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) are widely utilized in water treatment, remediation, and biomedical applications. They are also identified as constituents of airborne particulate matter, heightening the risk of human exposure and potentially adversely affecting health. NPs inevitably form a protein corona in biological fluids, which redefines their identity and governs cellular interactions. Although the plasma protein corona has been extensively characterized, its intracellular fate following Fe3O4 uptake remains largely unresolved. During Fe3O4 extracellular-to-intracellular trafficking, protein coronas evolve dynamically across biological barriers; however, the remodeling, degradation, or retention of plasma proteins carried into cells by Fe3O4 remains unclear. In this study, we delineate the evolution of plasma-derived coronas from extracellular to intracellular environments. Proteomic analysis revealed that the initial plasma proteins were dynamically replaced by higher-affinity intracellular proteins upon Fe3O4 internalization. Furthermore, we emphasize the active role of the cell membrane in protein corona remodeling, with high-abundance fibrinogen being retained at the cell membrane through receptor regulation. These findings uncover a critical, previously overlooked dimension of protein-corona biology: the intracellular fate of plasma proteins dictates NPs' trafficking and toxicities, thereby linking environmental exposure to human health risk.

Vincristine (VCR) is a first-line chemotherapeutic agent for pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), while its clinical efficacy is limited by dose-dependent peripheral neurotoxicity. As T cells in normal physiological environments experience various mechanical forces and VCR targets a mechanosensitive cellular microtubule, in this study, we developed a magnetically actuated mechanical stimulation (MAMS) strategy utilizing superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (IONPs) and an external static magnetic field (MF), which combined with VCR to significantly enhance the chemosensitivity of T-ALL cells. It was demonstrated that the IONPs primarily bound to the membrane of Jurkat cells and formed ordered assembly structures under MF, which disrupted cellular homeostasis by activating the calcium-NFAT-FasL signaling pathway, hyperpolarizing mitochondria, reprogramming metabolism, and disrupting cytoskeletal assembly. In conclusion, the MAMS strategy sensitized Jurkat cells to VCR by multilevel interference with the homeostasis of cells, providing a promising approach for developing more effective and less cytotoxic T-ALL treatment regimens.

Objective: To find out the influence of different dentin disinfectants—chlorhexidine (CHX), Er, Cr: YSGG laser (ECYL), and iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄NPs)—on inhibition of Streptococcus mutans and shear bond strength (SBS) of glass ionomer cement (GIC) in primary molars. Methodology: This in vitro study was conducted at King Khalid University, approved under IRB# KKU 2025-2026-161. The study duration was three months, 15th September, 2025 - 20th December, 2025. Forty extracted primary second molars with ICDAS scores of five were selected. CAD was identified through visual inspection, surface hardness assessment, and dye staining. Teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n=10): Group-I (no disinfection), Group-II (2% CHX), Group-III (ECYL at 2.5W, 20Hz), and Group-IV (Fe₃O₄NPs). Antibacterial efficacy against S. mutans was assessed using the agar diffusion test. GIC restorations were placed and subjected to thermocycling. SBS testing was performed using a universal testing machine, and failure modes were analyzed under stereomicroscopy. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test (α=0.05). Results: CHX (Group-II) demonstrated the largest zone of inhibition (15.95±1.54 mm). The control group showed the smallest inhibition zone (6.24±1.13 mm). ECYL (Group-III) exhibited the highest SBS (7.33±0.34 MPa), statistically superior to all groups (p<0.05). Fe₃O₄NPs (Group-IV) displayed the lowest bond strength (4.02±0.25 MPa). Mixed failure patterns predominated across all groups. Conclusion: Er, Cr: YSGG laser demonstrated optimal performance as a cavity disinfectant, combining effective antimicrobial activity with superior bond strength preservation in primary molars.

A dual-functional magnetic-fluorescent nanobead-based multi-color lateral flow immunoassay for simultaneous detection of aflatoxin B1 and zearalenone.

In this study, micrometer-sized magnetic beads equipped with artificial antibodies whose reactivity could be controlled by temperature tuning were developed. An artificial antibody that can specifically bind to doxorubicin (Dox) was fabricated on an N-isopropylacrylamide copolymer matrix on the surface of the magnetic beads. The growth reaction of gold nanoparticles (NPs) was effectively used to promote the selective polymerization reaction on the beads. To develop magnetism and polymerization via the growth of gold NPs, plastic beads were coated with both magnetic iron oxide and gold NPs. The fluorescence microscopy evaluation of the fabricated artificial antibody revealed that the temperature-dependent affinity change in the copolymer reversibly changed its binding properties upon temperature control. This engineered antibody is effective against anthracyclines with complex molecular structures and exhibits excellent selectivity (>50-fold). This development makes the efficient separation and recovery of Dox contained in human plasma samples using an external magnetic force and temperature control feasible. The results of this study could guide the development of highly efficient artificial antibodies that could revolutionize cancer treatment.