Iron Flocculation Research Articles

Using Fly Ash to Preparare Polysilicate Aluminum Ferric Flocculant and Treating Coal Slurry

Solid waste resource utilization is a important way for sustainable economic development, environmental and ecological protection. Using adsorption and flocculation characteristics of fly ash to preparare fly ash-based inorganic flocculant and use it for treating slime water, make waste fly ash into treasure, not only solve environmental problems, but also has very important theoretical significance and application value.In this study, we use Na2CO3 melt to improve acid-soluble activity of fly ash, extract ideally the aluminum and iron silicon as active ingredients in the fly ash. On the basis of the solubilization experiment, we design orthogonal experiment about larger impact several factors on the the flocculant preparation of process: silicon and aluminum element ratio, silicon iron element ratio and curing temperature, the orthogonal experiment results show that the best optimum process conditions is: Si: Al (mole ratio) is 1:0.5, Si: Fe (molar ratio) is 1:0.5, curing temperature is 60°C, curing time is 2 hours. Finally, we use poly silicate aluminum iron flocculants prepared to do flocculation test on slime water, determine the best flocculation conditions is: when we treat slime water which concentration is 8g/L and volume is 250mL, the optimum dosage of polysilicate aluminum iron is 1.3mL, the transmittance gets to 74.2%, the flocculation effect is the best.

Iron flocculation stimulates biogas production in Microthrix parvicella-spiked wastewater sludge

Municipal wastewater sludge has been used for fertiliser and biogas production for several decades. Chemical compounds such as iron and aluminium are common coagulants used in wastewater treatment plants to remove suspended solids, phosphorus and micro-organisms. This laboratory study explores whether ferric chloride (FeCl3 as PIX-111) or aluminium chloride (AlCl3 as PAX-18) flocculation could stimulate biogas production in wastewater sludge contaminated with Microthrix parvicella. In a fermentation process run in three replicates, cumulative methane production was in average about 25 % higher using the iron flocculated sludge than using the aluminium flocculated sludge; this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05) in the subsequent runs of the semi-continuous process. In all runs, the iron flocculated sludge produced less (P < 0.05) hydrogen sulphide in the biogas than the aluminium flocculated sludge. The numbers of M. parvicella stayed at the similar levels throughout the process. It is concluded that biogas production is higher and more stable with iron coagulant in comparison with aluminium coagulant, presumably due to the reduced formation of hydrogen sulphide. Thus, iron coagulants seem to be better than aluminium coagulants to stimulate the methane production process. Both coagulants significantly suppressed multiplication of M. parvicella in the biogas reactor, i.e. they did not evoke foaming in this experiment.

Actividad hidrogeológica del sur del Perú, una evaluación situacional de las cuencas de Sama y Locumba

Es sabido que Sudamérica presenta una intensa actividad geotermal producto del movimiento de placas en las costas del Océano Pacífico, el geotermalismo en el Perú se da especialmente en la zona sur sobre todo en las Regiones de Arequipa, Moquegua y Tacna, esta última es una de las principales, donde se concentra el 29 por ciento del total nacional. Su influencia puede ser positiva, como podría ser el posible uso como fuente de energía, pero también negativa, por la gran carga de contaminantes que estas realizan sobre las cuencas subyacentes, como son las cuencas de Sama y Locumba, que son motivos de este reporte. Por otro lado, la misma naturaleza a través de mecanismos como la dilución con fuentes de agua de buena calidad, o la floculación con hierro de origen natural, contribuye de modo importante al control de algunos metales contaminantes como el arsénico, que por ejemplo en el caso de la cuenca de sama, mejora su calidad en casi en un cincuenta por ciento. En este artículo, comparamos esta situación y posibles implicancias de su tratamiento para el desarrollo de la región.

The Preparation and Characterization of a New High Polymeric Flocculant-Polymeric Aluminum Ferric Sulfate Chloride

With AlCl3 and FeSO4 as the major raw material, the preparation process of a new high polymer flocculant-polymeric aluminum ferric sulfate chloride(PAFSC) was researched, to offset the polymeric aluminum and the polymerization iron flocculants’ lacks, and draw their strong points. The product was characterized by Al-Fe-Ferron timed complex colorimetric, IR and XRD methods, to study the flocculant’s morphological characteristics. The results show that The PFASC, with better coagulating property than the market PAC, has higher contents of Alb and Al-OH-Fe bond, and the introduction of iron restrains the forming of Al-OH-Al.

Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in environmental water in Hokkaido, Japan.

Control of cryptosporidiosis is important in public health. Rivers that are polluted with Cryptosporidium and drinking water that is treated for drinking water production from polluted rivers could result in the waterborne disease of cryptosporidiosis. We carried out an epidemiological study of natural water supplies in Hokkaido, one of the largest dairy prefectures in Japan. To detect Cryptosporidium oocysts in environmental water, the filtration method was used for 28 samples, which were collected from 10 rivers. A method adapted from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) filtration method using a cartridge filter has been used for the collection of samples. Oocysts were separated from a pellet by discontinuous sucrose gradient method. Twelve samples were collected from 10 rivers and parasites were purified by iron (III) flocculation method. Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were identified with the immunofluorescence antibody technique using DIF kit (Cellabs Pty. Ltd., Sydney/Australia). We detected Cryptosporidium oocysts in 6 out of 10 rivers sampled. Fifty percentage (14/28) of the samples were Cryptosporidium-positive. The average number of Cryptosporidium oocysts was 16.73/100 L (max. 80/100 L).

Determination of carboplatinum and cisplatinum by interfacing HPLC with ICP-MS using ultrasonic nebulisation

A novel HPLC technique has been developed for the determination of carboplatinum(II) and cisplatinum(II) which are used for chemotherapy. The compounds were separated by a HPLC column. The eluent was on-line nebulized into the nebuliser gas flow using ultrasonic nebulisation. The resulting aerosol was driven by the nebuliser gas stream through a 30-cm heating path, a 60-cm cooling path for desolvatisation and into the plasma of the ICP-MS. The detection was carried out on platinum mass 195Pt. Different RP C18 techniques were tested to obtain the best separation and detection results of the two platinum compounds. The solvent-generated anion exchanger method was selected as the method with the best handling and sensitivity. This technique allows a good separation of the two compounds within 3 min. The detection limits for carboplatinum and cisplatinum were 130 and 80 pg, respectively. The newly developed system has been applied to study the behaviour of the platinum species under different anion influences in aqueous solutions. These investigations are necessary for the future development of an extraction from environmental samples for the two compounds. In further experiments the distribution of the two platinum species, Na 2Pt(II)Cl 4 and the palladium species Na 2Pd(II)Cl 4 between water/sediment, water/charcoal, sewage sludge/water and the distribution in the solution after iron flocculation were investigated to plan an extraction method for the platinum species from environmental matrices.

Distribución de tierras raras en soluciones y coloides de un sistema natural de aguas ácidas (Arroyo del Val, Zaragoza)

Acidic waters of the «Arroyo del Val» stream are naturally generated by oxidation of sulfide minerals dispersed in the sedimentary materials of the drainage basin. Mixing of this acidic stream with neutral-alkaline tributaries yields spectacular iron and aluminium rich flocculants that precipitate at the confluences. Previous analysis of rare earth element (REE) concentrations of sorne 0.1 I-tm-filtered water samples and colloids are shown. The shale-normalized REE patterns of acidic waters show significant HREE enrichments in terms of Lu n /La n (≈ 2) and they are tipically enriched in the intermediate REEs (IREEs, Eu-Gd-Tb). So, in detail, these patterns are characterized by HREE enrichments between La and Gd and HREE depletions between Gd and Lu. The REE contents of two colloid samples are enriched by 103_104 relative to acidic waterso Different REE patterns were found in these colloids, sampled at differents distances from head of Arroyo del Val stream. Colloid sampled between the acidic waters analysed (CV-l) shows a very similar REE pattern to those of the waters. The REE composition normalized to shale of second colloid sample (CV-2), collected down stream, has a flatter profile although it is still slightly convexo Significant REE removal (about 50 %) caused by colloid coagulation is observed at the confluence and mixing point of the Arroyo del Val acidic waters with the first alkaline tributary. At this point the CV-l colloid sample shows HREE enrichment relative to acidic waters.

Improving Municipal Waste Water Quality by Effluent Polishing: A Pilot Scale Experiment at Winterswijk, The Netherlands

Over a period of three months two filtration methods, i.e. cross flow microfiltration and continuous sand filtrations were tested for their capacity to improve the quality of the effluent from a waste water treatment plant. The removal capacity of both methods was explored for suspended solids, COD, Kjeldahl nitrogen phosphorus, copper and zinc with and without iron flocculation. Without iron flocculation only the suspended solids can be removed. Iron has to be added prior to removal so that suspended solids and phosphorus can be removed in sufficient quantities. In that case, total P can be removed for 70% by means of continuous sand filtration, and for 90 % when microfiltration is being applied. The removal of COD, nitrogen Kjeldahl, copper and zinc is confined to 10 or 20%. From a technical point of view, microfiltration is preferred because of its high removal efficiency for all the components. On the other hand, from a financial point of view, microfiltration is not feasible. Treatment costs for sand filtration and microfiltration are calculated at f 0.15 and f 2.07 respectively per m3 water treated.