Iron Acetylacetonate Research Articles

Well-Defined ZIF-Derived Fe-N Codoped Carbon Nanoframes as Efficient Oxygen Reduction Catalysts.

A series of ZIF-derived Fe-N codoped carbon materials with a well-defined morphology, high surface area, tunable sizes and porous nanoframe structure was successfully prepared by synthesizing Fe-doped ZIF-8 through the assembly of Zn2+ ions with 2-methylimidazole in the presence of iron(III) acetylacetonate, followed by pyrolysis at a high temperature and in an Ar atmosphere. The prepared optimum catalyst materials exhibited excellent activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and outstanding durability in both acidic and alkaline solutions. We found that Fe doping during the ZIF-8 synthesis stage was crucial to achieve the materials' well-defined morphology, tunable size, good particle dispersion, and high performance. XPS revealed that Fe doping greatly enhanced the fractions of graphitic-N and pyridinic-N and decreased the fraction of oxidized-N. We suggest that the porosity and high surface area of the nanoframe structure originated from the metal-organic frameworks, the high dispersion of Fe in the nanoframe, and the enhanced proportions of active N species, all of which were responsible for the materials' significantly enhanced ORR performance.

Incorporation of yttrium to yttrium iron garnet thin films fabricated by mist CVD

Yttrium iron garnet (YIG) thin films were deposited on c-plane sapphire substrates under atmospheric pressure by a mist CVD technique, and their chemical composition and optical properties were examined. The thin films deposited at 450 °C showed an [Y]/[Fe] ratio of 0.57, indicating the deposition of yttrium iron oxide, while the molar ratio of [Y]/[Fe] in the precursor solution was set at 1.5. A thermodynamic model was developed to explain the reaction paths of the YIG thin film fabrication process using thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) results. The model indicates that the decomposition rate of yttrium acetylacetonate [Y(acac)3 ∙ nH2O] was much lower than that of iron acetylacetonate [Fe(acac)3], providing a plausible explanation for the large difference between the composition ratio of the thin films and that of the precursor solutions.

Synthesis of Acylsilanes via Catalytic Dedithioacetalization of 2-Silylated 1,3-Dithianes with 30% Hydrogen Peroxide

Acylsilanes were obtained efficiently from dedithioacetalization of 2-silylated 1,3-dithianes using 30% hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by iron(III) acetylacetonate–sodium iodide. The use of niobium(V) chloride as a catalyst instead of iron(III) acetylacetonate was also effective, except in synthesizing some acyltrimethylsilanes.

Surface Modification and Heat Generation of FePt Nanoparticles.

The chemical reduction of ferric acetylacetonate (Fe(acac)3) and platinum acetylacetonate (Pt(acac)2) using the polyol solvent of phenyl ether as an agent as well as an effective surfactant has successfully yielded monodispersive FePt nanoparticles (NPs) with a hydrophobic ligand and a size of approximately 3.8 nm. The present FePt NPs synthesized using oleic acid and oleylamine as the stabilizers under identical conditions were achieved with a simple method. The surface modification of FePt NPs by using mercaptoacetic acid (thiol) as a phase transfer reagent through ligand exchange turned the NPs hydrophilic, and the FePt NPs were water-dispersible. The hydrophilic NPs indicated slight agglomeration which was observed by transmission electron microscopy images. The thiol functional group bond to the FePt atoms of the surface was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra. The water-dispersible FePt NPs employed as a heating agent could reach the requirement of biocompatibility and produce a sufficient heat response of 45 °C for magnetically induced hyperthermia in tumor treatment fields.

Economically attractive route for the preparation of high quality magnetic nanoparticles by the thermal decomposition of iron(III) acetylacetonate

The thermal decomposition (TD) methods are among the most successful in obtaining magnetic nanoparticles with a high degree of control of size and narrow particle size distribution. Here we investigated the TD of iron(III) acetylacetonate in the presence of oleic acid, oleylamine, and a series of alcohols in order to disclose their role and also investigate economically attractive alternatives for the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles without compromising their size and shape control. We have found that some affordable and reasonably less priced alcohols, such as 1,2-octanediol and cyclohexanol, may replace the commonly used and expensive 1,2-hexadecanediol, providing an economically attractive route for the synthesis of high quality magnetic nanoparticles. The relative cost for the preparation of Fe3O4 NPs is reduced to only 21% and 9% of the original cost when using 1,2-octanediol and cyclohexanol, respectively.

Graphene-doped carbon/Fe3O4 porous nanofibers with hierarchical band construction as high-performance anodes for lithium-ion batteries

Porous graphene-doped carbon/Fe3O4 (GN@C/Fe3O4) nanofibers are synthesized via in-situ electrospinning and subsequent thermal treatment for use as lithium-ion battery anode materials. A polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) solution containing ferric acetylacetone and graphene oxide nanosheets is used as the electrospinning precursor solution. The resulting porous GN@C/Fe3O4 nanofibers show unique dark/light banding and a hierarchical porous structure. These nanofibers have a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area of 323.0m2/g with a total pore volume of 0.337cm3/g, which is significantly greater than that of a sample without graphene and C/Fe3O4 nanofibers. The GN@C/Fe3O4 nanofiber electrode displays a reversible capacity of 872 mAh/g at a current density of 100mA/g after 100 cycles, excellent cycling stability, and superior rate capability (455mA/g at 5A/g). The excellent performance of porous GN@C/Fe3O4 is attributed to the material’s unique structure, including its striped topography, hierarchical porous structure, and inlaid flexible graphene, which not only provides more accessible active sites for lithium-ion insertion and high-efficiency transport pathways for ions and electrons, but also accommodates the volume change associated with lithium insertion/extraction. Moreover, the zero-valent iron and graphene in the porous nanofibers enhance the conductivity of the electrodes.

Synthesis of porous carbon nanofiber with bamboo-like carbon nanofiber branches by one-step carbonization process

Porous carbon nanofibers (PCNFs) with CNF branches (PCNF/bCNF) were synthesized by a simple heat treatment method. Conventional methods to synthesize this unique structure usually follow a typical route, which consists of CNF preparation, catalyst deposition, and secondary CNF growth. In contrast, our method utilized a one-step carbonization process of polymer nanofibers, which were electrospun from a one-pot solution consisted of polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene (PS), and iron acetylacetonate. Various structures of PCNF/CNF were synthesized by changing the solution composition and molecular weight of PS. It was verified that the content and molecular weight of PS were critical for the growth of catalyst particles and subsequent growth of CNF branches. The morphology, phase of catalyst, and carbon structure of PCNF/bCNF were analyzed at different temperature steps during carbonization. It was found that pores were generated by the evaporation of PS and the catalyst particles were formed on the surface of PCNF at 700°C. The gases originated from the evaporation of PS acted as a carbon source for the growth of CNF branches that started at 900°C. Finally, when the carbonization process was finished at 1200°C, uniform and abundant CNF branches were formed on the surface of PCNF.

Infrared heating mediated synthesis and characterization of FeCo/C nanocomposites

Metal-filled carbon nanocomposites containing 20wt% of metallic FeCo nanoparticles were synthesized by means of infrared heating of precursors (polyacrylonitrile – iron acetylacetonate - cobalt acetate). This fabrication approach shows promise for making radiation-absorbent materials in short one-step process with ability to control the size of nanoparticles and attune the composition of the metallic components. In this work the magnetic behavior of reaction products obtained at different stages of the synthesis have been investigated in detail. We report on the influence of the annealing temperature on evolution of the structure, chemical composition, size, surface morphology, spontaneous magnetization and coercivity of the FeCo nanoparticles.

Highest coercivity and considerable saturation magnetization of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles with tunable band gap prepared by thermal decomposition approach

The report states that well-dispersed CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) with controllable morphology were prepared using an economical and facile one-pot thermal decomposition approach. Cobalt (II) acetylacetonate and Iron (III) acetylacetonate were employed as precursors instead of expensive and toxic pentacarbonyl. The transmission electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction investigation show that CoFe2O4 NPs possess cubic morphology, homogeneous size distribution and pure phase structure. Optical band gap was tuned from 1.147 to 0.92 eV and saturation magnetization (M s) increased from 53.91 to 84.01 emu/g for the as-prepared and annealed (700 °C) NPs. The coercivity (H c) enhanced from 1137 to 2109 Oe at room temperature, which is the highest value reported to date for CoFe2O4 NPs synthesized by thermal decomposition. All CoFe2O4 (as-prepared and annealed) NPs showed excellent ferromagnetism behaviour at room temperature. Raman studies of CoFe2O4 NPs confirm the redistribution of Co2+ from octahedral to tetrahedral site. The work demonstrates the great potential of CoFe2O4 NPs as a promising alternative for data storage device applications as well as for opto-magnetic devices.

Catalytic Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of New Polychlorinated Natural Terpenes

Various unsaturated natural terpenes were selectively converted to the corresponding polychlorinated products in good yields using iron acetylacetonate in combination with nucleophilic cocatalyst. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antifungal activity. The antifungal bioassays showed that 2c and 2d possessed significant antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (Foa), Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. canariensis (Foc), and Verticillium dahliae (Vd).

Effect of the support nature on the catalytic properties of iron in benzene benzylation

The effect of the support nature on the dispersion, structure, and catalytic activity of iron oxides supported on ZrO2, TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, and silicas of different structures has been analyzed using the example of benzene benzylation. The structure and electronic properties of the catalysts prepared from iron acetylacetonate have been studied by Mossbauer spectroscopy. It has been shown that the use of SiO2, ZrO2, and ZnO supports characterized by weak oxide–oxide interaction leads to the formation of small iron oxide clusters of a 2–10 nm size, which exhibit the highest activity in catalysis.

The potential of non-aqueous redox flow batteries as fast-charging capable energy storage solutions: demonstration with an iron–chromium acetylacetonate chemistry

We report a fast-charging iron–chromium non-aqueous redox flow battery that combines the fast kinetics of the single iron(iii) acetylacetonate redox couple on the positive side with the fastest of the chromium(iii) acetylacetonate redox couple on the negative side.

Magnetic mesoporous carbon composites incorporating hydrophilic metallic nanoparticles for enrichment of phosphopeptides prior to their determination by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry

Magnetic mesoporous carbon composites incorporating hydrophilic metallic nanoparticles were synthesized from resol, ZrO(NO3)2, ferric acetylacetonate, and triblock copolymer F127. The method involves a multi-component co-assembly strategy associated with direct carbonization. The resulting carbon material is shown to be useful as a metal oxide affinity chromatography (MOAC) material for enrichment of phosphopeptides owing to its large mesoporous (4.8 nm) surface area (442 m2 g−1), large pore volume (0.37 cm3 g−1) and excellent hydrophilicity. The metallic iron and ferric oxide particles modified on the mesoporous carbon exert a magnetic force and, in combination with the metallic zirconia, is a viable MOAC material for enrichment of low-abundance phosphopeptides. Because of metal chelation between metallic nanoparticles and the phosphate groups of phosphopeptides, the zirconia/magnetic mesoporous carbon displays high selectivity even at a phosphopeptide/nonphosphopeptide molar ratio of 1:500. As little as 1.5 fmol of phosphopeptides become detectable. The MOAC was successfully applied to the identification by MALDI-TOF MS of phosphopeptides in human serum and nonfat milk.

An innovative method to introduce magnetism into demulsifier

In this work, a novel magnetic demulsifier was synthesized by a facile way within one step. The propyleneoxide-ethyleneoxide block polyether, one of the most frequently used demulsifier in petroleum industry, was endowed with the magnetism by reacting with iron (III) acetylacetonate. The as-prepared magnetic demulsifier was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The magnetic demulsifier showed excellent demulsification performance for water in crude oil emulsion. The demulsification process was revealed by using confocal microscope. Besides, the used magnetic demulsifier could be readily recycled by magnetic separation and solvent washing, and it presented excellent demulsification performance within 3 cycles. The findings in this work might provide a facile approach to prepare varieties of magnetic demulsifiers.

Features of reduction and chemisorption properties of nanosized iron(III) oxide

Nanosized iron(III) oxide with an average particle size of 8–10 nm has been synthesized by the thermolysis of iron(III) acetylacetonate using diphenyl ether as a dispersion medium. Reduction processes in a hydrogen atmosphere in the presence of nanosized iron oxide and natural mineral hematite (Fe2O3) have been studied by the temperature-programmed reduction method. The activation energies of the reduction processes have been determined by the Kissinger method; it has been shown that, in the case of nano-Fe2O3, the activation energies are several times higher than the respective values observed for hematite. The adsorption properties of nano-Fe2O3 and hematite have been studied; the isosteric heats of chemisorption of hydrogen and carbon monoxide on the surface of these samples have been determined.

Synthesis of nanosized iron(III) oxide and study of its formation features

Nanosized iron(III) oxide has been obtained by thermolysis of iron(III) acetylacetonate using diphenyl ether as a dispersion medium. It has been shown that increase in thermolysis temperature from 180 to 250°C allows one to half the average size of Fe2O3 nanoparticles. The introduction of surfactant into dispersion medium also leads to decrease of the average size of particles down to 4 nm. The phase composition of the prepared nano-Fe2O3 has been established, the possibility to reduce nano-Fe2O3 into iron metal has been shown by temperature-programmed reduction

Chemically fabricated LiFePO4 thin film electrode for transparent batteries and electrochromic devices

We report a new sol-gel approach of synthesis of LiFePO4 (LFP) thin film and its application as cathode materials for transparent Li-ion battery in half-cell configuration. LFP thin films were obtained from an alcoholic colloidal suspension of iron acetylacetonate (Fe(AcAc)3) and aqueous lithium dihydrogen phosphate (LiH2PO4) deposited on fluorine tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate, followed by heating at 450°C under nitrogen gas for 1h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that the LFP films have an orthorhombic crystal system with space group Pnma (62). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows spherical LFP nanoparticles aggregates homogenously deposited all over the surface of FTO substrate containing 3-D open pores. The electrochemical behaviors of thin film vs Li/Li+ cell were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements. The cycle life was evaluated by running 1000 cycles of charge-discharge at a current density of 20μA/cm2. The transmission spectra reveal 85–90% of transparency versus FTO as reference, which makes it a potential candidate as a complementary electrode in electrochromic devices (ECDs).

Polyacrylonitrile-based FeCo/C nanocomposites: Preparation and magnetic properties

Metal–carbon nanocomposites that represent FeCo alloy nanoparticles uniformly distributed over the carbon matrix, were prepared by the IR pyrolysis of precursors comprising polyacrylonitrile (PAN), iron acetylacetonate, and cobalt acetate (the metal ratio in the precursors was Fe: Co = 1: 1, 3: 1). The composition of FeCo alloy nanoparticles satisfies the tailored ratio Fe: Co. The FeCo phase is formed at synthesis temperatures in the range 500–600°С; at T ≤ 500°С only FCC-Co-base solid solutions are observed. The nanocomposites prepared at T ≥ 600°С simultaneously contain FeCo intermetallic nanoparticles and an insignificant amount of a FCC-Co phase or a cobalt-base solid solution phase. The saturation magnetization of FeCo/C metal–carbon nanocomposites is determined by the mean nanoparticle size and the alloy composition, and ranges from 36 to 64 (A m2)/kg (when Fe: Co = 1: 1) and from 35 to 52 (A m2)/kg (when Fe: Co = 3: 1) at synthesis temperatures in the range 600–800°С.

Preparation of alumina–hercynite nano-spinel via one-step thermal conversion of Fe-doped metal–organic framework MIL-53(Al)

Alumina–hercynite nano-spinel powders were prepared via one-step pyrolysis of iron-acetylacetone-doped Al-based metal–organic framework (MOF), i.e., MIL-53(Al). Organic ferric source, iron acetylacetone, was incorporated in situ into the framework of MIL-53(Al) during the solvothermal synthesis process. Under high-temperature pyrolysis, alumina derived from the MIL-53(Al) matrix and ferric oxides originated from the decomposition of organic ferric precursor in the framework were thermally converted into hercynite (FeAl2O4). The prepared samples were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, N2 sorption, thermogravimetry, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The final products were identified to be composed of alumina, hercynite and trace amounts of carbon depending on pyrolysis temperature. The experimental results showed that hercynite phase can be obtained and stabilized at low temperatures between 900 and 1100 °C under inert atmosphere. The final products were composed of nano-sized particles with an average size below 100 nm of individual crystal and specific surface areas of 18–49 m2 g−1.

Effect of Metal Acetylacetonates on the Photooxidative Destruction of High Density Polyethylene

The process of photooxidative destruction of high density polyethylene films containing different organic complexes of polyvalent metals as pro-oxidant additives after UV- irradiation was studied. During exposure to UV- irradiation, the more significant changes in the mechanical and thermal properties were detected for the foils containing pro-oxidant additives compared to initial high density polyethylene. This indicated for the higher degree of oxidation in these samples and confirmed the effectiveness of thеsе additives in promoting the oxidation of high density polyethylene during UV-irradiation. It was found that the decrease of the strength of the initial high density polyethylene foils was more pronounced for the samples with pro-oxidants cobalt (III) acetylacetonate and manganese (II) acetylacetonate. The use of 2 mmol/kg iron (III) acetylacetonate and 4 mmol/kg cobalt (III) acetylacetonate as pro-oxidants gave the highest decrease of elongation at break of the polyethylene foils.