Wireless IoT Research Articles

Eighth IEEE IoT Vertical and Topical Summit at RWW 2025—“Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Wireless IoT Systems: From Design to Application” [IEEE Radio & Wireless Week 2025

Eighth IEEE IoT Vertical and Topical Summit at RWW 2025—“Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Wireless IoT Systems: From Design to Application” [IEEE Radio & Wireless Week 2025

MACHINE LEARNING, DEEP LEARNING AND ENSEMBLE LEARNING BASED APPROACHES FOR INTRUSION DETECTION ENHANCEMENT

With the extensive application of Internet of Things and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in various real-time fields, they have become increasingly vulnerable to several types of attacks that could have a serious impact in their functionalities. Recently, intrusion detection systems have become one of the crucial security components. We propose in this work an approach based on machine and deep learning for DoS and DDoS attack detection. We have evaluated, analyzed, and compared the efficiency of three learning models separately, including deep neural network (DNN), random forest, and decision tree, using the standard metrics of evaluation such as accuracy, precision, F1-score, and recall. In our contribution, an approach ensemble learning was introduced in order to enhance the accuracy rate of classification. Our study was carried out using two well-known benchmark and real-time datasets, CICIoT-2023 and WSN-DS, intended for wireless sensor networks and IoT. These datasets containing various types of attacks. CICIoT2023 dataset contains 33 attacks divided into 7 classes, while WSN-DS dataset contains four types of DoS attacks, including Blackhole, Grayhole, Flooding, and TDMA. The experiment result demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in attacks detection with high accuracy achieved close to perfect. Our approach result demonstrates that using the ensemble learning technique works better than each ML architecture independently.

LPSRUA–MIoT: Lightweight and Provable Secure Remote User Authentication Scheme for Multi‐Gateway Computing Framework in Internet of Things

ABSTRACTInternet of Things (IoT) has evolved into a new era of information and communication technology where several day‐to‐day usable physical objects have been interconnected to form an intelligent ad‐hoc network that is deployed into various hostile environments to monitor, gather and process the surveillance data. However, there is a huge potential gap between communication in traditional wired network and wireless IoT network. IoT network is susceptible to several security threats due to their distributed and decentralized architecture, open nature of communication channel, dynamic nodal infrastructure, high possibilities of malicious penetrations, and so forth. In this scenario, a secure, efficient, and lightweight remote user authentication and key agreement scheme can play a significant role to mitigate the above‐mentioned issues and to provide well‐protected communication between the communicating entities in the IoT environment. Therefore in this paper, we have proposed a provable secure, robust and lightweight biometric‐enabled mutual authentication scheme for a multi‐gateway IoT environment using an irreversible hash function and fuzzy extractor. To support our claim, we have formally verified our scheme using the broadly accepted Random Oracle Model (ROM) and further simulated using the widely used AVISPA simulation tool. Additionally, the performance analysis in terms of computation and communication overheads of the proposed scheme is compared with other existing relevant authentication schemes that clearly shows that the proposed protocol maintains an acceptable efficiency security trade‐off for implementation in real‐life scenarios.

Retraction notice: A wireless IOT system towards gait detection technique using FSR sensor and wearable IOT devices

Retraction notice: A wireless IOT system towards gait detection technique using FSR sensor and wearable IOT devices

An Improved and Secured 3-Factor Authentication Scheme for WSN in IoT Based Applications

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has top-notch capacity for numerous domains of utility due to the potential to sense and apprehend unattended environments. IoT is playing an increasingly more essential position in clever healthcare, smart transportation and elegant grid using WSN. Therefore, challenges like privacy and data security associated with IoT wireless sensor networks because of sensor node being captured easily, consume less computing energy and low storage. Designing a secure authentication scheme will enable secure communication in WSN. Here, we proposed a improved three-factor authentication scheme for WSN utilizing biometric, password and smart card withstand against security attacks. Subsequently, by comparing the security, functional and performance parameters of our proposed scheme to the other schemes, our scheme provides better and efficient one. Therefore, our scheme is fairly workout in real time IoT applications involved in WSN scenario.

Secured Data Transmission in Network using Nano Technology

A Nanonetwork is mutually joined or related nanomachines used in communication system and helps to estimate uncomplicated tasks, making them simple to understand which are able to execute a very easy and uncomplicated tasks and is therefore easy to understand, such as computing, data storing, sensing. Nanonetworks consists of range of operation by permitting them to coordinate, share and combine information. Nanonetworks enables new application of Nanotechnology in biomedical field. The foremost concept behind nanotechnology and nanoscience was to control and manipulate atoms and molecules. The term “nanotechnology” was coined by professor Norio Taniguchi over a decade later. A Nanotechnology was in a position to develop small devices small . A Nanonetwork comprises of nanoscale computing devices and sensors that helps in communication at the nanoscale. Applications in networking consists of wireless technology, IOT, wireless and mobile nano devices. Based on the application requirement nanonetworks classifies the nanomachines to various application requirements like nano transmitters, Nano receiver, Nano Robot, Nano controller. Communication security is taken care from unauthorized access. Security composes of physical security, emission security, encryption security, transmission security. Some of the best tools used for secure business communication are perception point, Mail fence, rocket chat.

Sensor-Based Real-Time Monitoring Approach for Multi-Participant Workout Intensity Management

One of the significant advantages of technological evolution is the greater ease of collecting and analyzing data. Miniaturization, wireless communication protocols and IoT allow the use of sensors to collect data, with all the potential to support decision making in real time. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a digital solution to guide the intensity of training or physical activity, based on heart rate wearable sensors applied to participants in group sessions. Our system, featuring a unified engine that simplifies sensor management and minimizes user disruption, has been proven effective for real-time monitoring. It includes custom alerts during variable-intensity workouts, and ensures data preservation for subsequent analysis by physiologists or clinicians. This solution has been used in sessions of up to six participants and sensors up to 12 m away from the gateway device. We describe some challenges and constraints we face in collecting data from multiple and possibly different sensors simultaneously via Bluetooth Low Energy, and the approaches we follow to overcome them. We conduct an in-depth questionnaire to identify potential obstacles and drivers for system acceptance. We also discuss some possibilities for extension and improvement of our system.

Adaptive convolutional-LSTM neural network with NADAM optimization for intrusion detection in underwater IoT wireless sensor networks

Abstract Underwater IoT networks rely on sensor nodes to continuously monitor and collect real-time data from marine environments. The nodes in the underwater networks face security challenges in terms of intrusions. Intrusions are common in conventional wireless sensor networks as well as in underwater sensor networks. Intrusions like data tampering, node insertion, unauthorized access compromises the security and privacy of the network. The existing Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) faces limitations while detecting intrusions in Underwater IoT Wireless Sensor Networks (UIoTWSN) due to the dynamic condition of underwater environment. To overcome this, a novel IDS for UIoTWSN is proposed by combining the features of advanced deep learning techniques in an optimized manner. The proposed hybrid model comprises convolutional LSTM network with NADAM optimizer to analyze the spatial and temporal features to detect the intrusions. To handle the dynamic nature of underwater sensor network and to improve the convergence speed of the proposed IDS, NADAM optimizer is integrated in this research work. Experimentations of the proposed model validates the higher accuracy of 96.7%, precision of 94.5% and recall of 95.2% which is better than the conventional techniques.

Contextual Deep Reinforcement Learning for Flow and Energy Management in Wireless Sensor and IoT Networks

Contextual Deep Reinforcement Learning for Flow and Energy Management in Wireless Sensor and IoT Networks

Research on Artificial Intelligence Algorithm and Optical Imaging Detection Based on Wireless IoT Devices in the Optimization Process of Strength Training

Research on Artificial Intelligence Algorithm and Optical Imaging Detection Based on Wireless IoT Devices in the Optimization Process of Strength Training

Supercapacitor-Assisted Energy Harvesting Systems

Energy harvesting from energy sources is a rapidly developing cost-effective and sustainable technique for powering low-energy consumption devices such as wireless sensor networks, RFID, IoT devices, and wearable electronics. Although these devices consume very low average power, they require peak power bursts during the collection and transmission of data. These requirements are satisfied by the use of energy-storage devices such as batteries or supercapacitors (SCs). Batteries offer significantly higher energy density but are subject to regular replacement, thermal runaway risk, and environmental concerns. On the other hand, SCs provide over a million-fold increase in capacitance compared to a traditional capacitor of the same volume. They are considered as the energy-storing devices that bridge the gap between conventional capacitors and batteries. They also offer fast charging times, a long lifecycle, and low equivalent series resistance (ESR). Most importantly, they are capable of handling the high transient currents produced by energy harvesters and provide a stable power source for external loads. This study encompasses a brief exploration of the three fundamental SC types. Then, the discussion delves into the integration of SCs into energy harvesting applications. The collective knowledge presented aims to guide future research endeavors fostering the development of novel energy harvesting systems using SCs.

Design of Health and Elderly Care Intelligent Monitoring System Based on IoT Wireless Sensing and Data Mining

Design of Health and Elderly Care Intelligent Monitoring System Based on IoT Wireless Sensing and Data Mining

High gain quasi-omnidirectional dipole array fed by radial power divider for millimeter-wave IoT sensing

This article presents the design and implementation of a dipole array antenna based on a radial waveguide power divider for millimeter-wave IoT sensing applications. The dipole array and radial waveguide power divider techniques are used in tandem to achieve high gain with omnidirectional radiation properties. The proposed antenna is comprised of eight non-uniform array dipole structures, a circular radiating loop, and shorting vias. The one-to-eight power divider is created with the shorting vias to feed the circularly arranged eight non-uniform dipole arrays simultaneously. The proposed antenna is simulated and manufactured on Rogers-RO3003C substrate with a thickness of 8 mils. Both simulated and tested results confirm that the proposed method enables the antenna to offer a quasi-omnidirectional pattern with a high peak gain of 5.42 dBi. The antenna offers an impedance bandwidth (S11 < ‒ 10 dB) of more than 1 GHz ranging from 27.93 to 29.13 GHz. Moreover, by optimizing the parameters of the power divider network the proposed antenna can be tuned between a wide bandwidth range of 14.53 GHz as the designed dipole array offering the operating bandwidth from 25.56 to 40.09 GHz. Due to its comprehensive set of performance attributes, particularly for the quasi-omnidirectional radiation characteristics, the presented antenna is a viable candidate for the 5G millimeter wave wireless IoT sensing applications. Additionally, this work will accommodate other researchers to explore the proposed method for developing high-gain omnidirectional antennas for millimeter-wave applications.

A condition-based distributed approach for secured privacy preservation of nodes in wireless sensor networks IoT

The fast expansion of wireless sensor network-internet of things (WSN-IoT) in recent years has led to the adoption of a vital infrastructure. Adversaries who work together to carry out privacy-related attacks and capture sensitive information from critical infrastructure for a range of personal, political, and commercial purposes, thus security and node preserving have been one of the key areas of research in WSN-IoT. Existing security and privacy research work focuses on cryptography, either which is less efficient, or it majorly focuses on securing the network, which further leads to exposing the nodes to the vulnerability in terms of privacy in the network. This research develops condition-based distributed privacy-preserving (CDPP) approach to preserve the sensor node privacy; the CDPP algorithm develops a condition based on which the nodes' vulnerable information is preserved and not accessed by the compromised nodes. CDPP architecture is evaluated considering the amount of misclassified nodes for safeguarding the node in the network. CDPP is evaluated by inducing the corrupt nodes and further comparing the model with existing low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) based on classification, misclassification and throughput. Furthermore, comparative analysis proves the marginal improvisation in terms of discussed parameter against existing protocol.

Intelligent Unmanned Robot Using IOT for Military Applications

Most military organization now takes the help of robots to carry out many risky jobs that cannot be done by the soldier. These robots used in the military are usually employed with an integrated system, including video screens, sensors, grippers, and cameras. The military robots also have different shapes according to the purposes of each robot. Here the new system is proposed with the help of low low-power IOT wireless sensor network to trace out the intruders (unknown persons) and the robot will take the necessary action automatically. Thus the proposed system, an Intelligent Unmanned Robot (IUR) using IOT saves human lives and reduces manual error on the defense side. This is a specially designed robotic system to save human life and protect the country from enemies. Robots are specially designed for humans to make our lives easier. Robots are designed for various purposes like military purposes, industry, for home home-based applications. At the border, different tanks, missiles, guns, etc. are used by the enemy. This causes problems and harms our forces or soldiers. For this, a robot is designed and developed for military purposes application to protect our army. robots are used to detect obstacles that are found in their path. If it finds any obstacle in its path, then using a gun mechanism it will able to shoot that obstacle. To make it a multifunctional robot all the actions performed by the user same actions performed by a robot using the stretch sensor. All these mechanisms are embedded in the propeller.

Lightweight Cross-Domain Authentication Scheme for Securing Wireless IoT Devices Using Backscatter Communication

Lightweight Cross-Domain Authentication Scheme for Securing Wireless IoT Devices Using Backscatter Communication

Current Strategies for Monitoring and Control of IAQ

The focuses of this paper is on the critical importance of indoor air quality (IAQ) and the need for innovative monitoring systems to enhance occupants' quality of life while balancing energy efficiency. Development of Materials for IAQ Sensors , Enhanced Sensitivity and Selectivity, Miniaturization and Integration, Wireless Connectivity and IoT Integration,Long-Term Stability and Reliability, Cost-Effectiveness and Scalability, Air Purification Technologies for IAQ Improvement, HEPA Filtration, Ionic Air Purification, Photocatalytic Oxidation (PCO), Electrostatic Precipitation, Hybrid Air Purification Systems, Smart Home for IAQ Control Sensor Technology, Data Analytic, Automated Ventilation, Air Filtration and Purification, Smart Thermostats and HVAC Controls, Mobile Apps and User Interfaces,Integration with Smart Home Ecosystems, Air Purification Technologies for IAQ Improvement, . Smart Home for IAQ Control. These strategies collectively empower individuals and building managers to monitor, analyze, and optimize indoor air quality, leading to healthier indoor environments. The use of advanced materials, innovative sensors, and smart technologies enables real-time data-driven decisions, promoting sustainable and effective IAQ management. The overall aim is to mitigate the risks associated with indoor air pollution and ensure that indoor environments remain clean, safe, and healthy for occupants. Ongoing research and technological advancements continue to drive progress in this important field, making IAQ management increasingly accessible and effective for diverse settings and populations.

Short-packet communications in wireless energy transfer full-duplex IoT networks with deep learning design

Short-packet communications in wireless energy transfer full-duplex IoT networks with deep learning design

The development of low-cost spin coater with wireless IoT control for thin film deposition

A low-cost spin coater with a wireless remote system that can deposit thin films of uniform thickness and quality at a significantly lower cost than traditional methods. The system consists of three main parts, a motorized spindle, a spin-coating head, and a control system connected to the network. The mechanical design on the mechanical part, spin coater system design with ESP32, and implementation of wireless control through visual basic. The network-enabled control system allows for real-time monitoring and adjustment of the deposition process, which can improve efficiency and reproducibility. This low-cost spin coating system represents a promising solution for organizations seeking to access thin film deposition technology at a fraction of the cost of traditional systems. By integrating wireless IoT control into low-cost spin coaters, the impact of this technology on coating uniformity will provide valuable insights for future advancements in this field.

A 4-port flexible MIMO antenna with isolation enhancement for wireless IoT applications

This paper presents a conformal, miniaturized, and geometrically simple monopole antenna designed for Vehicle–to–Everything (V2X) communications. The antenna consists of a flexible substrate, radiating patch, ground, and metallic stubs. Meandered lines are added to the U-shaped radiator to achieve the required bandwidth of the antenna. The antenna has |S11|< −10 dB magnitude from 5.06 to 7.24 GHz, attaining a peak low magnitude of–68 dB. The antenna is configured into a 4-port Multiple–Input–Multiple–Output (MIMO) setup to minimize the mutual coupling between its elements. The proposed flexible MIMO antenna offers bandwidth from 5.37 to 7.34 GHz and a peak moderate gain of 4.63 dBi with omnidirectional stable radiation patterns. To improve the mutual coupling, two hollow concentric circular structures, in combination with a pair of stub networks are integrated between the elements of the MIMO system. The transmission coefficient and surface current analysis confirm the effectiveness of the decoupling structure. The presented MIMO antenna is characterized by high isolation, a low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), and high diversity gain, suitable for V2X MIMO communication scenarios.