Ionic Hydrogen Bonds Research Articles

Reparameterization of the chemical-potential equalization model with DFTB3: A practical balance between accuracy and transferability.

To improve the performance of the third-order density-functional tight-binding method (DFTB3) for non-covalent interactions involving organic and biological molecules, a chemical-potential equalization (CPE) approach was introduced [J. Phys. Chem. A, 116, 9131 (2012)] and parameterized for the H, C, N, O, and S chemical elements [J. Chem. Phys., 143, 084123 (2015)]. Based largely on equilibrium structures, the parameterized DFTB3/CPE models were shown to exhibit improvements in molecular polarizabilities and intermolecular interactions. With more extensive analyses, however, we observe here that the available DFTB3/CPE models have two critical limitations: (1) they lead to sharply varying potential energy surfaces, thus causing numerical instability in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and (2) they lead to spurious interactions at short distances for some dimer complexes. These shortcomings are attributed to the employed screening functions and the overfitting of CPE parameters. In this work, we introduce a new strategy to simplify the parameterization procedure and significantly reduce free parameters down to four global (i.e., independent of element type) ones. With this strategy, two new models, DFTB3/CPE(r) and DFTB3/CPE(r†) are parameterized. The new models lead to smooth potential energy surfaces, stable MD simulations, and alleviate the spurious interactions at short distances, thus representing consistent improvements for both neutral and ionic hydrogen bonds.

Infrared Spectroscopy of (Benzene–H2S–Xn)+, X = H2O (n = 1 and 2) and CH3OH (n = 1), Radical Cation Clusters: Microsolvation Effects on the S−π Hemibond

An unconventional covalent bond in which three electrons are shared by two centers is called hemibond. Hemibond formation frequently competes with proton transfer (or ionic hydrogen bond formation), but there have been a few experimental reports on such competition. In the present study, we focus on the (benzene-H2S)+ radical cation cluster, which is a model system of the S-π hemibond. The stability of the S-π hemibond to the microsolvation by water and methanol is explored with infrared spectroscopy of (benzene-H2S-Xn)+, X = H2O (n = 1 and 2) and CH3OH (n = 1), clusters. We also perform energy-optimization and vibrational simulations of (benzene-H2S-Xn)+. By comparison among the observed and simulated spectra, we determine the intermolecular binding motifs in (benzene-H2S-Xn)+. While the S-π hemibonded isomer is exclusively populated in (benzene-H2S-H2O)+, both the hemibonded and proton-transferred isomers coexist in [benzene-H2S-(H2O)2]+ and (benzene-H2S-CH3OH)+. Breaking of the S-π hemibond by the microsolvation is observed, and its solvent and cluster size dependence is interpreted by the proton affinity and the coordination property of the solvent moiety.

Structural characterization and functional properties of egg white protein treated by electron beam irradiation

This study investigated the functional properties and structural characteristics of egg white protein (EWP) powder treated by electron beam irradiation (EBI) at the doses of 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, 70 and 100 kGy. In comparison with the untreated sample (0 kGy), the EBI-induced EWP showed generally better solubility and higher antioxidant capacity by ABTS•+ radical scavenging assay. Furthermore, the emulsifying activity index of EBI-induced EWP increased with increased EBI dose, reaching the maximum value of 15.8 ± 0.4 m2/g at 100 kGy. The emulsifying stability index and ϛ-potential of EBI-induced EWP showed fluctuating tendencies. These functional property changes of protein were attributed to the conformational changes caused by EBI. SDS-PAGE patterns confirmed that high-dose EBI would result in protein depolymerization to low-mass molecules at 11 kDa, contributing to the increased solubility. Circular dichroism data demonstrated that EBI-induced EWP exhibited partial denaturation and a flexible structure, which was responsible for the improved emulsifying properties. Fluorescence spectra revealed that high EBI doses led to an increase in the polar environment around tryptophan, which could enhance the solubility and antioxidant activity of EWP. In addition, high EBI doses decreased the content of free and total sulphydryl groups, and changed the intermolecular forces of protein, including ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and disulfide bonds. These findings can provide solid support for practical applications of EBI technology in EWP food processing.

Crosslinking of a polycaprolactone/tourmaline scaffold by sodium stearate with improved mechanical strength and bioactivity.

Although polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix composites have been extensively studied, the weak interface with nanofillers limits their further applications in bone tissue engineering. Herein, this study has designed a porous bone scaffold model using the triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS), and the optimal porosity was determined by comparing the mechanical properties. A sodium stearate-modified PCL/tourmaline (PCL/TM) composite scaffold with a strong interfacial effect was prepared by selective laser sintering technology. Wherein, sodium stearate acts as a bridge to improve the interaction between TM and PCL interface, while promoting its uniform dispersion. The results showed that the PCL/3% modified TM specimens exhibit the optimum mechanical properties, and their ultimate tensile and compressive strength increases by 21.8% and 32.1%, respectively, compared with pure PCL. The factors of mechanical enhancement of composite scaffolds can be elaborated from the construction of interface bridges. On the one hand, the carboxyl group at one end of sodium stearate will interact with the hydroxyl group on the surface of TM to enhance interfacial adsorption by forming ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds. On the other hand, the hydrophobic long chain at the other end of sodium stearate is universally compatible with hydrophobic PCL, thereby improving the dispersion of TM. These characteristics make the PCL/TM composite scaffold a valuable reference for its application in bone tissue engineering.

Self-healing liquid metal hydrogel for human-computer interaction and infrared camouflage.

Due to their mechanical flexibility, conductive hydrogels have been widely investigated in the fields of flexible electronics and soft robots, but their non-negligible disadvantages, such as poor toughness and limited self-healing, severally restrict their practical application. Herein, gallium indium alloy (EGaIn) is utilized to initiate the polymerization and simultaneously serve as flexible fillers to construct a super-stretchable and self-healing liquid metal/polyvinyl alcohol/p(acrylamide-co-octadecyl methacrylate) (liquid metal/PVA/P(AAm-co-SMA)) double network hydrogel (LM hydrogel). The synergistic effect of the rigid PVA microcrystal network and the ductile P(AAm-co-SMA) hydrophobic network, together with the ionic coordination and hydrogen bonds between polymer networks (multiple physical cross-links), endow the LM hydrogel with excellent super-stretchability (2000%), toughness (3.00 MJ m-3), notch resistance, and self-healing property (healing efficiency > 99% at 25 °C after 24 h). The LM hydrogel exhibits sensitive strain sensing behavior, allowing human-computer interaction to achieve motion recognition and health monitoring. Significantly, owing to the excellent photothermal effect and low infrared emissivity of EGaIn, the LM hydrogel reveals great potential in infrared camouflage. The work of self-healing conductive liquid metal hydrogels will promote the research and practical application of hydrogels and liquid metal in intelligent devices and military fields.

REVIEW ON MUCOADHESIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

This review considers the basic mechanisms by which mucoadhesive can adhere to a mucous membrane in terms of the nature of the adhering surfaces and the forces that may be generated to secure them together.it also include contact stage and consolidation stage. Mucosal adhesion is backed by several theories. Much attention has been focused in the field of mucoadhesive formulation developments compared to other delivery systems. Mucoadhesion while considering drug delivery is having several merits, because of the ideal physiochemical characters of the mucosal membrane. Ideally a mucoadhesive dosage form interacts with the mucosal membrane by ionic bonds, covalent bonds, Van-der-Waal bonds and hydrogen bonds. Various sites for mucoadhesive drug delivery system are ocular, nasal, buccal cavity; GIT, vaginal, rectal and several specific dosage forms have been reported. Factors affecting mucoadhesion are molecular weight, flexibility of polymer chain, pH, presence of carboxylate group and density. Several synthetic and natural polymers are identified as suitable candidates for mucoadhesive formulation. Ex-vivo/in-vitro studies utilizing gut sac of rats provides in-depth knowledge about the adhesive property of the dosage form as well as polymers. AFM can be used as a part of imaging methods. Mucoadhesive drug delivery system shows promising future in enhancing the bioavailability and specific needs by utilizing the physiochemical characters of both the dosage form and the mucosal lining. It has to be noted that only a moist surface can bring the mucoadhesive nature of the dosage form.

High-performance environmental adaptive microsupercapacitors from multifunctional hydrogel via modulating ionic hydration and hydrogen bonds

The advance of microelectronic systems requires their energy power microsupercapacitors (MSCs) possessing environmental adaptability beyond the high energy density. The electrolyte in MSCs plays a crucial role in satisfying the above requirements. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate the hydrogel electrolyte with multifunctions, including ultralow phase-transition temperature of -103.8 °C, 2.80 V electrochemical window, superior anti-dehydration and rapid self-healing ability, via modulating its ionic hydration and hydrogen bonds. It is used to build graphene-based MSCs, which show promising energy density of 41.56 µWh cm−2, super-wide working temperature range from -60 to 100 °C, exciting self-regeneration ability after deep dehydration and self-healing ability under severe physical damage. The MSCs meet the requirement of advanced microelectronic systems. The strategy developed here paves a way towards high-performance MSCs in harsh environment.

Oxidized cellulose nanofibrils-based surimi gel enhancing additives: Interactions, performance and mechanisms

Surimi-based products with preferred textural properties and high nutritional value are fashionable throughout the market. Enhancing surimi gel characteristics is of key importance for enabling the following processing and warranting the end-product quality, but challenging due to the lack of energy- and performance-efficient processes and the elusive mechanisms underpinned such enhancements. Focusing on enhancing surimi gel properties by introducing sustainable additives, we successfully explore functionalized cellulose nanofibrils as a textural enhancer in surimi gels and establish a new model to expound the interaction mechanisms. Firstly, TEMPO-mediated oxidation prior to homogenization harvests functionalized cellulose nanofibrils with unique fibrillary shape, uniform nano-size, high surface hydrophilicity and activated -COO - groups, highly suited for the additive use in surimi gels (Monto et al., 2021). Secondly, the innovative application of oxidized cellulose nanofibrils at a remarkably low concentrations (0.1 g/100 g surimi) greatly improve the whiteness, microstructure, water holding capacity, gel strength and thermal stability of the surimi gels, through a synergistic effect of matrix-reinforcing, water binding and entrapping, covalent interactions (disulfide bonds, amide bonds), non-covalent interactions (hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds) and favorable protein conformational changes within the network. Next, a new mechanism model toward the high-performance surimi gels is concluded to better elucidate the interactions between oxidized cellulose nanofibrils and myosin molecules. We expect that this work can provide guidelines on designing novel and high-quality cellulose-additive foods and understanding the roles of food additives in meat gel systems, for advancing the applications of new additives and gelation mechanisms in the food industry. • A low cellulose nanofibrils (TCN) addition (0.1%) greatly improves surimi gel properties. • Deliberately activated COO − groups at TCN surface facilitates cellulose-myosin interactions. • Improved water holding capacity due to surface hydrophicility, water binding and entrapping. • Enhanced gel strength due to newly introduced ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds and physical entanglement. • A new mechanism model illustrating cellulose-protein interactions is established.

A novel low molecular quaternary polymer as shale hydration inhibitor

Polymer inhibitors for deep shale gas drilling have poor temperature resistance and can influence the rheological attributes of the drilling muds. To overcome this issue, a high temperature resistant and low molecular weight quaternary polymer DVAA was prepared by hydrothermal radical polymerization. The characterizations of the DVAA were evaluated by IR, NMR, TG, and GPC, and the inhibition, rheology, and filtration parameters were examined. The shale inhibition mechanism was evaluated by the SEM, zeta potential, contact angle, and XRD. Initial decomposition temperature of DVAA is 354.83 °C and Mp is 4583. The performance test outcomes suggest that using DVAA could lead to a linear expansion reduction rate of MMT at 73.4%, whereas the rolling recovery rate of cuttings was 86.25%. The API filtration of 4% MMT after hot-rolling is 13.6 ml. The mechanism of DVAA showed that DVAA and MMT form ionic bonds and hydrogen bond through electrostatic attraction and can still maintain a good structure under elevated temperature conditions. DVAA can effectively weaken the surface hydration by entering the crystal layer to replace the inter-layer cations, where it forms a polymer-film on the bentonite surface. In summary, the research and development of the DVAA can provide an effective guarantee for the stability of the wellbore during the development of deep shale gas reservoirs.

Synergistic catalysis of hypercrosslinked ionic polymers with multi-ionic sites for conversion of CO2 to cyclic carbonates

High catalytic activity for the conversion of CO2 into cyclic carbonates requires the preparation of porous ionic catalysts with multi-active sites and high ionic density. Herein, a series of hypercrosslinked ionic polymers (HIPs) with multi-ionic sites, high ionic density and hydrogen bond donors (imino group) were synthesized through the one-pot Friedel–Crafts alkylation and post-synthetic strategies. Adsorption measurements showed that HIPs exhibited outstanding CO2 uptakes (1.80−2.97 mmol g − 1, 273 K and 1 bar). Importantly, under the synergistic effects of multi-ionic sites, high ionic density and hydrogen bond donors, the metal-free catalyst HBIM(0.5)@QA-Br showed excellent catalytic yield (99%) and selectivity (99%) for cycloaddition of CO2 with epichlorohydrin at 140 °C, 0.1 MPa CO2 in 2 h. By extending the time appropriately, high catalytic yields (styrene oxide, 140 °C, 4 h, 99% yield; 120 °C, 6.5 h, 93% yield; 100 °C, 16 h, 94% yield) were achieved at low temperature. In addition, the catalyst can be easily reused with stable recyclability. This work not only provides a new strategy to prepare metal-free porous ionic catalysts with multi-ionic sites and hydrogen bond donors but also demonstrated that the synergistic catalysis of multi-ionic sites is helpful to promote CO2 conversion.

Preparation, properties, and mechanism of anionic and cationic cellulose nanocrystals/waterborne polyurethane composite films

Three kinds of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were added into waterborne polyurethane (WPU) and nanocomposite films that were prepared by solution casting. The influence of different ionic function groups on microstructure and properties of composite films was investigated. Compared with sulfated CNCs (SCNCs) and TEMPO oxidized CNCs (TOCNCs), FE-SEM images showed that cationized CNCs (CaCNCs) had better dispersion in composite films. The thermal decomposition of these composite films was delayed by 15 °C compared with pure WPU film. The tensile strength and fracture work of CaCNC/WPU composite film increased by 11.9% and 8.4%, respectively. The light transmittance of CaCNC/WPU composite film was highest among the 3 composite films, but its oxygen permeability was the lowest. In sum, the composite film with CaCNCs had optimal strength, toughness, light transmittance, and oxygen barrier properties, which is consistent with good compatibility of the two components and densest structure observed in SEM. There may be an ionic attraction and hydrogen bonds of CaCNCs and WPU in the composite film. The composite films are expected to have applications in food packaging, furniture coatings, and biomedical fields.

Gd3+ ionic nano-aggregate clusters enable metallopolymers redox electrolytes as high-performance flexible radiation shielding

In this work, Gd3+ ionic nano-aggregate clusters were introduced into metallo-polyelectrolytes to balance the conflicts between high mechanical robustness and X-ray attenuation of flexible shielding materials. The segmented polyurethanes (PUs) containing main-chain bisferrocene and pendant sulfonates in hard segments is applied as a macromolecular template for the subsequent self-assembly with Gd3+. Rare earths aggregate into dynamic clusters about 2.2 nm, which is beneficial to improve the radiation attenuation ability and mechanical properties of materials. The hierarchical noncovalent interactions (ionic interactions, coordination interactions, hydrogen bonds, and ferrocene-metal interactions, etc.) in the aggregate PUs enable the co-existence of high mechanical strength, large stretchability, and fast radiation dissipation. As a result, this Gd3+ hybrid bisferrocene-based PU demonstrates extremely high tensile properties (breaking stress = 27.8 ± 0.2 MPa, breaking strain = 576 ± 7%) as well as super atomic shielding efficiency (14.39 cm2 g−1) at 65 keV.

Development of Sustainable, Mechanically Strong, and Self-Healing Bio-Thermoplastic Elastomers Reinforced with Alginates.

New bio-thermoplastic elastomer composites with self-healing capacities based on epoxidized natural rubber and polycaprolactone blends reinforced with alginates were developed. This group of salts act as natural reinforcing fillers, increasing the tensile strength of the unfilled rubber from 5.6 MPa to 11.5 MPa without affecting the elongation at break (~1000% strain). In addition, the presence of ionic interactions and hydrogen bonds between the components provides the material with a thermally assisted self-healing capacity, as it is able to restore its catastrophic damages and recover diverse mechanical properties up to ~100%. With the results of this research, an important and definitive step is planned toward the circularity of elastomeric materials.

Mechanistic Study of Release Characteristics of Two Active Ingredients in Transdermal Patch Containing Lidocaine-Flurbiprofen Ionic Liquid.

Ionic liquids (ILs) have been proven to be an efficient technology for enhancing drug skin permeability. However, the question of whether the two components of ILs are released synchronously in transdermal preparations has remained unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the release characteristics of two components of ILs and their underlying molecular mechanism. The ILs containing flurbiprofen (FLU) and lidocaine (LID) were synthesized and characterized. The four typical acrylates pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) with different functional groups were synthesized and characterized. The effects of PSAs on the release characteristics of two components of ILs were investigated by drug release tests and verified by skin permeation experiments. The action mechanisms were revealed by FTIR, Raman, dielectric spectrum, and molecular docking. The results showed that the average release amount of FLU (0.29 μmol/cm2) and LID (0.11 μmol/cm2) of ILs in the four PSAs was significantly different (p < 0.05), which illustrated that the two components did not release synchronously. The PSA−none and PSA−OH with low permittivity (7.37, 9.82) interacted with drugs mainly by dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonds. The PSA−COOH and PSA−CONH2 with high permittivity (11.19, 15.32) interacted with drugs mainly by ionic bonds and ionic hydrogen bonds. Thus, this study provides scientific guidance for the application of ILs in transdermal preparations.

(Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry Division Max Bredig Award In Molten Salt and Ionic Liquid Chemistry) Of Ionic Liquids and Hydrogen Bonds

Whether it is the solubility of biopolymers, the rates of reactions, the physical properties of ionic liquids, or the formation of Deep Eutectic Solvents, the concept of the hydrogen bond often finds itself at the centre of explanations of ionic liquids’ behaviours. How strange it would seem to someone entering the field today that the idea that hydrogen bonds could form in ionic liquids was even recently controversial. So, how did this transformation come about?In this presentation, you will meet some of the most well-known names in ionic liquids, both past and present. Key insights have only come from a variety of different techniques, both experimental and theoretical, being brought to bear on the question of whether hydrogen bonds exist or are of any use in ionic liquids and their solutions. You will also see that opposing views can turn out to both be correct and controversies are not always solved by one side ‘winning’ over the other.

Photodetachment of Deprotonated R-Mandelic Acid: The Role of Proton Delocalization on the Radical Stability.

The photodetachment and stability of R-Mandelate, the deprotonated form of the R-Mandelic acid, was investigated by observing the neutral species issued from either simple photodetachment or dissociative photodetachment in a cold anions set-up. R-Mandalate has the possibility to form an intramolecular ionic hydrogen-bond between adjacent hydroxyl and carboxylate groups. The potential energy surface along the proton transfer (PT) coordinate between both groups (O- …H+ …- OCO) features a single local minima, with the proton localized on the O- group (OH…- OCO). However, the structure with the proton localized on the - OCO group (O- …HOCO) is also observed because it falls within the extremity of the vibrational wavefunction of the OH…- OCO isomer along the PT coordinate. The stability of the corresponding radicals, produced upon photodetachment, is strongly dependent on the position of the proton in the anion: the radicals produced from the OH…- OCO isomer decarboxylate without barrier, while the radicals produced from the O- …HOCO isomer are stable.

3D printing and controlled release of functional ripening surimi improved by nano starch-xylo-oligosaccharides: Chemical bonds and microstructure influences

To solve the problem of fast release, unsustainability of functional compounds in 3D printed surimi, nano scale of rice starch-xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) was prepared. Meanwhile, its characteristics and printing effects on surimi were determined. Results shown that the nano rice starch and XOS with ratio of 1:2.5 had good characteristics (particle size 444 nm, embedding rate 86%, stable particle size with Na+ and heating process). Moreover, it endowed surimi with antioxidant ability and prolonged the release of XOS in surimi during in vitro digestion, which might keep it for continuous release. Additionally, nano starch-XOS increased ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds by 78% and 58% respectively to enhance gel strength, texture of surimi. As well as it also could fill up gel network gaps to form denser structure, which increased self-supporting ability to improve printing effects. While excessive XOS (>1%) could wrap protein to inhibit gel formation to produce burs and pores of printed surimi-XOS, leading to the pores enlargement and collapse due to the enhancement of hydrophobic force and disulfide bonds after ripening. However, nano starch could aggregate XOS to delay the occurrence of collapse (>2% XOS content). Thus, nano starch-XOS could promote the application of functional surimi in 3D printing.

Analysis of Protein-Protein Interactions for Intermolecular Bond Prediction.

Protein-protein interactions often involve a complex system of intermolecular interactions between residues and atoms at the binding site. A comprehensive exploration of these interactions can help reveal key residues involved in protein-protein recognition that are not obvious using other protein analysis techniques. This paper presents and extends DiffBond, a novel method for identifying and classifying intermolecular bonds while applying standard definitions of bonds in chemical literature to explain protein interactions. DiffBond predicted intermolecular bonds from four protein complexes: Barnase-Barstar, Rap1a-raf, SMAD2-SMAD4, and a subset of complexes formed from three-finger toxins and nAChRs. Based on validation through manual literature search and through comparison of two protein complexes from the SKEMPI dataset, DiffBond was able to identify intermolecular ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds with high precision and recall, and identify salt bridges with high precision. DiffBond predictions on bond existence were also strongly correlated with observations of Gibbs free energy change and electrostatic complementarity in mutational experiments. DiffBond can be a powerful tool for predicting and characterizing influential residues in protein-protein interactions, and its predictions can support research in mutational experiments and drug design.

Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in DIBMA Model Compounds

AbstractThe structure of model compounds for the amphiphilic copolymer poly(diisobutylene‐alt‐maleic acid), DIBMA, is investigated with (gas phase) B3LYP/6‐31G** and PM7 calculations. It is found that in the monoprotonated state of the repeating unit strong (about 70 kJ mol−1) ionic hydrogen bonds are formed within the hydrogen succinate rings, which impart partial structural rigidity on the backbone of the copolymer. Based on literature pKa values of the first and second deprotonation step of the succinic acid units, it is argued that the ionic hydrogen bonds are likely to be present in aqueous solution as well. The main chain conformation depends strongly on the stereochemical configuration of the carbon atoms in the hydrogen succinate rings. The possible consequences of the hydrogen bonding for the mechanism of membrane solubilization by maleic acid‐based amphiphilic copolymers are discussed.

Preparation of dyeing, flame retardant and anti-dripping polyethylene terephthalate fibers based on natural sodium copper chlorophyll dyeing and intercalation of phosphorylated sucrose fatty acid ester

As the largest synthetic fibers in the world, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers have a wide range of applications. However, PET fibers are flammable fibers with serious droplet phenomenon during combustion, which has great potential safety hazards. To solve the issue, multifunctional PET fibers with dyeing, flame retardant and anti-dripping were developed in this work. First, dyed PET fibers (DY-PET) were prepared by directly dyeing of PET fibers with sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC). Then, DY-PET was intercalated with ammonium phosphate of sucrose fatty acid ester (APSFA) to obtain the flame retardant PET fibers (FR-PET). Compared with the original samples, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release rate (THR) of DY-PET and FR-PET were significantly reduced. Meanwhile, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of DY-PET and FR-PET was also improved, indicating the improved flame retardant properties of DY-PET and FR-PET. In addition, the anti-dripping performance was excellent, which was mainly due to the high temperature self-crosslinking, high temperature ionic aggregation and hydrogen bond & π-π stacking effect. The improved flame retardant performance of FR-PET was attributed to the blocking effect of the generated char layer catalyzed by APSFA under high temperature and the dilution effect of incombustible gas resulting from the thermal decomposition of APSFA. This work provided a scalable strategy for the design of dyeing, flame retardant and anti-dripping PET fibers, and endowed PET with great potential application in the field of functional polymer materials.