Ion Exchange Resin Membranes Research Articles

Nutrient dynamics from surface‐applied organic matter amendments on no‐till orchard soil

AbstractAdvancing conservation agriculture depends on understanding nutrient dynamics of organic matter amendments (OMA) on no‐till soil. This field incubation study compared surface‐applied composted dairy manure (CM), green waste compost (GWC) and an unamended control from March to September in 2015 and 2016 using a RCBD in a California almond (Prunus dulcis) orchard. Measurements included OMA nutrient release rates, changes in soil organic carbon (SOC), total N (TN) and inorganic N, P and K availability using in‐season soil sampling and collection of ion exchange resin (IER) membranes from 0 to 10 cm depth, and cumulative N and P availability using soil IER cores from 0 to 50 cm depth. We hypothesized OMA sources with a lower initial C:N increase soil N availability, greater soluble phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concentrations increase P and K availability, and all OMA sources increase SOC with the greatest N recovery in the TN pool. No differences were observed in C, N and P release rates, while the K release rate was the greatest. In‐season N availability showed no effect but P and K availability differed as evidenced by greater IER adsorption and soil extractable P and K. Both OMA sources significantly increased in SOC and TN. Net N mineralization from OMA sources ranged from 0.7% to 8.0% of applied N and total N recovery in TN and inorganic N pools increased based on the initial C:N. These results advance our understanding of nutrient dynamics while conserving the soil due to the no‐till practice of surface‐applied OMA.

Nitrogen Availability and Use Efficiency in Wheat Crop as Influenced by the Organic-Input Quality Under Major Integrated Nutrient Management Systems.

PurposeOne of the serious constraints for the integration of organics in soil fertility plans is the release and availability of nitrogen (N) to match the critical growth stages of a crop. The interplay between organic amendment characteristics and soil moisture conditions can significantly affect the nutrient release and availability, especially for dryland crops like wheat. In this study, the effects of integrated nutrient management strategies using diverse qualities of organic amendments on daily N mineralization and its availability to plants during the full growing season of the wheat crop were analyzed in a 10-year experiment.MethodsThe management included (1) F, inorganic fertilizers at 100% rate, compared to a reduced rate of inorganic fertilizers (55% N) supplemented with organic inputs via (2) GM, green manuring, (3) LE, legume cropping and its biomass recycling, (4) WS, wheat stubble retention, (5) RS, rice stubble retention, and (6) FYM, farmyard manure application, during the preceding rice season. Ion exchange resin (IER) membrane strips were used as plant root simulators to determine daily NH4+-N and NO3–-N availability in soil solution during the full wheat growing period.ResultsTotal available N for the full season was in the following order: GM (962 μg cm–2) > F (878 μg cm–2) > LE (872 μg cm–2) > FYM (865 μg cm–2) > RS (687 μg cm–2) > WS (649 μg cm–2). No significant differences were observed in NH4+-N availability throughout the cropping period as compared to NO3–-N which showed significant differences among management at critical crop growth stages.ConclusionLegume biomass incorporation (GM, LE) and farmyard manure (FYM) based management provided the most consistent supply equivalent to or even exceeding 100% inorganic fertilizers at several critical stages of growth, especially at tillering and stem elongation. Integration of organics in management increased nitrogen use efficiency 1.3–2.0 times, with cereal crop residue-based management having the highest efficiency followed by legume biomass incorporation.

Determining the Moisture and Plant Effect on Nutrient Release, and Plant Nutrient Uptake Using Ion Exchange Resin Membrane

ABSTRACTTraditional soil testing has a limited predictability about available nutrients for plant uptake. Potential of ion exchange resin membrane (RM) or plant root simulator probe is evaluated to determine the effect of moisture on nutrient availability and uptake by corn (Zea mays L.), under greenhouse condition. Available nutrient concentrations measured by RM in two soil series at three soil moisture levels (40%, 60%, and 80% of field capacity) with (W) and without (W/O) the plant at V3 and V7 stages were compared with plant nutrient content at the V7 stage. Soil moisture did not influence RM-extracted nutrient concentrations (except for N at V3). Concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), and iron (Fe) from RM at the V3 stage significantly correlated with shoot uptake. The presence of plant (W- vs. W/O-plant) significantly influenced RM-nutrient concentration at both stages. RM can predict crop nutrient requirements.Abbreviations: Ion exchange resin membrane (RM); nitrogen (N); phosphorus (P); potassium (K), sulfur (S), field capacity (FC)

Fósforo disponível determinado por lâmina de resina enterrada

O uso de lâminas de resina de troca aniônica enterradas no solo permite simular, em parte, o comportamento das raízes das plantas em relação à absorção de P. Essa técnica, utilizada diretamente no solo nas mesmas condições que se cultivam as plantas, sem a necessidade de amostragem do solo, poderia ser uma metodologia promissora de determinação da disponibilidade de P para as culturas. Para testar a validade da técnica, foi realizado um experimento em casa de vegetação, com cinco solos e dois teores de P em que as lâminas de resina foram enterradas no solo na instalação do mesmo (dia zero) e retiradas aos 2, 5, 10, 20 e 40 dias depois, para avaliar a extração de P em diferentes solos mantidos com umidade próxima da capacidade de campo, cultivados com milho (método resina-cc), e em solos mantidos saturados com água, sem cultivo e cultivados com arroz (método resina-sat). Também retiraram-se amostras de solo para determinar o P extraído pelos métodos da resina em lâminas padrão, Mehlich-1 e Mehlich-3, para correlacionar com o P extraído pelas culturas. O método Mehlich-1 extraiu, em média, 1,3 e 1,9 vez menos P do que os métodos da resina padrão e Mehlich-3, respectivamente, e o método da resina-cc extraiu em média 2,2 vezes menos P do que o método da resina-sat. Os coeficientes de determinação entre o P extraído pelos métodos e o P absorvido pelo milho e arroz aumentaram, em média, na sequência resina-cc < resina padrão < Mehlich-1 < Mehlich-3 < resina-sat. O período de 10 dias de contato da resina com o solo foi o método que melhor estimou o P extraído pelas culturas do milho e arroz. Conclui-se que o método da resina-sat pode ser utilizado eficientemente para estimar o P do solo disponível para as plantas.

In situ ion exchange resin membrane (IEM) technique to measure soil mineral nitrogen dynamics in grazed pastures

This paper explored the potential of application of in situ ion exchange resin membrane (IEM) technique for assessing soil nitrogen (N) availability and spatial distribution in New Zealand grazed pastures. Field and incubation experiments conducted to test the technique proved IEM technique to be a useful approach to monitoring the continuous changes in soil mineral N in pasture soils. The field testing showed that the IEM technique reflects both differences in pool size and mineral N flux, while 2-M KCl extraction reflects only pool size at the sampling. Testing the effects of residence time, temperature, soil inorganic N content, and soil water content through diffusion modeling offers further support for using IEM to explore the complex dynamics of nitrogen availability in pasture soils.

Assessment of changes of fertilizer nutrient in soil by ion exchange resin membrane method

Assessment of changes of fertilizer nutrient in soil by ion exchange resin membrane method

Suitability of the Plant Root Simulator Probe for Use in the Mojave Desert

To find a quick, relatively inexpensive measure for soil chemistry in the Mojave Desert (MD), we evaluated the use of the ion‐exchange resin membrane (IEM) plant root simulator (PRS) probe. Tests were conducted along a floodplain of the Virgin River in Nevada. Probes were buried at 15 and 40 cm. Probes were left in place for three time intervals (30, 60, and 90 d) in two seasonal periods (wetter [WP] and drier [DP], 2004), which were delineated according to the amount of precipitation and soil temperature and moisture. The sampling design was replicated in three pits during the WP and DP. Soil moisture and soil temperature were monitored at 25, 50, 75, and 100 cm. The probes were able to detect differences in ion sorption between the two burial depths, although differences were not always statistically significant. Ion sorption onto the probes generally increased from Month 1 to 3, but the result was not linear. The sorption of some ions fluctuated during the three‐month period, with ions desorbing and readsorbing or ion chemistry decreasing over the course of the study. Soil moisture and temperature did not appear to affect the probe's ability to detect differences across depths or season. Based on results from this experiment, we conclude that the burial time required for assessing relative differences in ion chemistries at our sites is one month or less and that the PRS probe may be useful for detecting relative differences in ion chemistries among other soils in the MD.

Correlation of a Resin Membrane Soil Phosphorus Test with Corn Yield and Routine Soil Tests

Most tests for plant-available soil P are based on extraction with a chemical solution. Extraction of P through ion exchange could provide better estimates of plant-available P. The objective of this study was to field calibrate a test based on a commercially available ion-exchange resin membrane (RMP) and compare it with Bray-P1 (BP), Mehlich-3 (M3P), and Olsen (OP) tests. Replicated P response trials with corn (Zea mays L.) were established at 59 Iowa locations (78 site-years). The soils represented 17 series of the suborders Argiudolls, Endoaqualfs, Endoaquolls, Hapludalfs, and Hapludolls. Initial BP, M3P, RMP, and OP values ranged from 2 to 63, 7 to 79, 6 to 63, and 3 to 31 mg P kg−1, respectively. The r2 values of relationships between soil P extracted across sites ranged from 0.84 to 0.91, and the lowest values were for BP relationships. The BP test measured less P in a CaCO3–affected soil with pH 8.1 but not when pH was ≤7.7. Excluding the calcareous site improved correlations only for BP. Critical concentration ranges defined by Cate-Nelson (CN) and linear-plateau (LP) models and relative yield responses for various soil-test ranges indicated that 13 to 20 mg kg−1 for BP, 16 to 21 mg kg−1 for M3P, 13 to 19 mg kg−1 for RMP, and 8 to 11 mg kg−1 for OP corresponded to a 94 to 96% mean relative yield response. The sink-based RMP test was as effective as routine P tests at predicting corn response to P fertilization and could be adopted for production agriculture.

Early Supplies of Available Nitrogen to Seed‐Row of a Canola Crop as Affected by Fertilizer Placement

A field experiment was conducted at Star City (legal location SW6‐45‐16‐W2); Saskatchewan, Canada from May 2000 to June 2000, to measure nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) supply rates from fertilizer bands to the seed‐row of canola crop. Ion exchange resin membrane probes (PRSTM) were used to measure N and P supply rates in four treatments [80 kg N ha−1 of urea as side‐row band, 80 kg N ha−1 of urea as mid‐row band, check/no N (side‐row)/P side‐row, check/no N (mid‐row)/seed placed P]. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Two anion and cation exchange resin probes (PRSTM) were placed in each plot in the seed‐row immediately after seeding and fertilizing. The probes were allowed to remain in the field for 2 days and replaced with another set of probes every 4 days for a total of 14 days until canola emerged. Ammonium‐N, nitrate‐N and P supply rates were calculated based on the ion accumulated on the probes. Urea side‐row band treatments (fertilizer N 2.5 cm to side of every seed‐row) had significantly higher cumulative available N supply rates than mid‐row band placement in which fertilizer N was placed 10 cm from the seed‐row in between every second seed‐row. No significant differences were observed in P supply rates. The higher N rates (120 kg N ha−1) resulted in lower grain yield in side‐row banding than mid‐row banding possibly due to seedling damage. However, the earlier fluxes of N into the seed‐row observed with side‐row banding may be an advantage at lower N rates in N deficient soils.

Repeated Use of Ion-Exchange Resin Membranes in Calcareous Soils

This study compared the consistency of nutrient extraction among repeated cycles of ion-exchange resin membrane use. Two sandy calcareous soils and different equilibration temperatures were tested. No single nutrient retained consistent values from cycle to cycle in all treatments, although both soil source and temperature conferred some influence. It was concluded that the most conservative use of resin membranes is single-use.

Long-Range Effect of Electric Charge of Ion-Exchange Resin and Soil Colloid on Potential of Ion-Selective Electrodes

The effect of electric charge of ion-exchange resin and soil colloid on potential of ion-selective electrodes was investigated. It was found that the potential of ion-selective electrodes could be affected by the ion-exchange resin membrane or soil mass even when the sensitive membrane of the electrode was located at a distance of 2–3 mm from the latter. The potential was related to the kind of the electrode, the kind of the charged material that could induce such an effect, the concentration of the electrolyte, and the distance between the sensitive membrane of the electrode and the ion-exchange resin membrane or soil mass. It was suggested that the potential of ion-selective electrodes might be quite sensitive to minor changes in electric field or some of its derivative properties and that the effect was not only related to the electric charge of the ion-exchange resin or soil colloid, but also related to some electrochemical properties of the sensitive membrane of the electrode. In order to avoid possible errors caused by this long-range effect of electric charge of colloids on the potential of ion-selective electrodes in potentiometric measurements, the electrode should be located as far from the charged particles as possible.

Speciation in metal contaminated soils as revealed by an ion exchange resin membrane fractionation procedure

Abstract Ion exchangers have proven to be a useful tool in the study of metal speciation in aquatic environments, but have seen little application in the study of metal behavior in soil environments. The labile metal species in polluted soils were evaluated by equilibrating soil suspensions with ion exchange resin membranes of different types at pH values ranging from 3 to 9. The total soluble metal content of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) contaminated Western Canadian soils was subdivided into (i) low‐pH labile, (ii) weak‐acid labile, (iii) weak‐base labile, (iv) high‐pH labile, and (v) non‐adsorbable forms using cation and anion exchange membranes. Soil suspension is mixed overnight with different types of resin membranes and the cations transferred from the soil are subsequently eluted from the membranes using 1N HCl. The HCl extract is then analyzed for Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb. The aqueous phase remaining in contact with the soil residue is considered the amount of released non‐labile, non‐adsorbable species. The low‐pH labile fraction constituted the largest proportion of the added metal in poorly buffered (sandy) soils. Weak‐acid and base labile fractions were typically highest in highly buffered soils. Clearly, metal contaminated soils most likely to cause environmental damage are sandy textured soils subject to acidification, although the production of chelating substances by roots and microorganisms may also mobilize considerable quantities of metal in soils of high clay content.

A new chelating ion exchange resin based sensor for zinc ions

A chelating ion exchange resin membrane incorporating salicylaldoxime–formaldehyde exhibits excellent selectivity for zinc ions with a concentration range from 3.0 × 10–6 to 1.0 × 10–1 mol dm–3(0.20–6500 ppm). The sensor can also be used in partially non-aqueous systems having 40% non-aqueous content.

Simple device for permeation removal of water vapour from purge gases in the determination of volatile organic compounds in aqueous samples

A commercially available Nafion tube (a perfluorinated ion-exchange resin membrane separator) inserted in a plastic container filled with 5A molecular sieve was tested on dry water-saturated gas streams containing common volatile pollutants of aqueous environmental samples after a purging cycle. The proposed device was shown to remove water vapour effectively from humidified gas streams ( > 90%) even under continuous operation for more than 10 days. The results showed that the system is compatible with the tested compounds (aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons and some sulphur compounds) because these compounds are practically unaffected on passing through the Nafion dryer tube. The losses of most compounds at the μg/kg level are less than 5%. Therefore, the proposed device is suitable for the removal of water vapour from purging streams and can be used in the determination of these volatile organic compounds in aqueous samples using the purge-and-trap technique.

A simplified resin membrane technique for extracting phosphorus from soils

A simplified procedure for determining the amount of phosphate (P) extracted from soils by ion exchange resin membranes is reported. Strips of anion (HCO3- form) and cation (Na+ form) exchange membrane were shaken with suspensions of soil in deionised water for 16–17 hours. After shaking, the strips were thoroughly rinsed in deionised water before the phosphate retained on the anion exchange resin strip was determined by shaking the strip directly with phosphate reagent. Compared to the common use of resin beads in nylon mesh bags, this resin membrane procedure is simpler, more convenient, and because an elution step is omitted, less time consuming.

A Reinforced Oleophilic Anion-exchange Resin Membrane as a Sensitive Membrane of Anion-selective Electrodes

Abstract Based on an impregnation technique for the preparation of ion-exchange resin membranes, a simple way was proposed for the preparation of a reinforced oleophilic anion-exchange resin membrane as an anion-selective electrode membrane with a chemically fixed site. The resulting exchange resin membrane is thin (ca. 25 μm) and flexible. It gives anion-selective electrodes with high performances.

The calibration of health physics contamination instruments and the use of thin ion exchange resin membranes to produce large area radioactive sources

Reference is made to the requirements of future legislation on the calibration of contamination monitors and in particular the need for the provision of large area radioactive sources which are traceable to National Standards. Proposals on the form of such standards and how traceability can be achieved are discussed. A technique of using thin ion exchange resin membranes to produce sources is described which could be of general interest at a time when large numbers of cheap calibration sources will soon be required. These sources are already being used in simple jigs to calibrate instruments on CEGB sites.

Active transport of sodium chloride by a thermal regeneration ion-exchange resin membrane when temperature gradient is applied as energy source.

Active transport of sodium chloride by a thermal regeneration ion-exchange resin membrane when temperature gradient is applied as energy source.

Activity measurements of bivalent cations singly and in mixture with resin membrane electrodes in aquo‐organic media

AbstractCation exchange resin membranes were used as electrodes for activity measurements in aquo‐propanolic media for bivalent ions, e.g., Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, either singly or in a mixture of two. From the results it may be concluded that ion exchange resin membranes can be satisfactorily utilized for measurement of these ion in such media when present singly or in a mixture.

Concertration Polarization on Ion Exchange Resin Membranes in Electrodialytic Demineralization

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConcertration Polarization on Ion Exchange Resin Membranes in Electrodialytic DemineralizationW. G. B. Mandersloot and R. E. HicksCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1965, 4, 3, 304–308Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1965https://doi.org/10.1021/i260015a014RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views120Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (508 KB) Get e-Alerts