Ion Acoustic Shock Waves Research Articles

Excitation of ion acoustic solitary waves and shock waves in decaying plasma between biased parallel-plate electrodes

In this study, we explore the excitation of ion acoustic solitary waves and shock waves in a decaying plasma confined between biased parallel-plate electrodes using one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. Our findings demonstrate that the oscillating electric field at the sheath edge generates a sequence of ion acoustic solitary waves, which exhibit characteristics consistent with the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equations. We observe that as the electron temperature decreases, the intervals between adjacent wave pulses shorten progressively, leading to the eventual formation of a coherent shock wave structure. These findings highlight the critical role of kinetic simulations in elucidating the dynamics of plasma decay processes.

Nonlinear propagation of ion-acoustic waves along with their bifurcation analysis in a negative ion plasma in the presence of quartic nonlinearity

In this article, the propagation of ion-acoustic shock and periodic waves along with their dynamical analysis around the supercritical values is studied in a (1 + 1)-dimensional collisionless negative ions plasma system comprising of inertia SF 6− with mass m−i and temperature T−i, inertia K+ with mass m+i and temperature T+i and inertialess non-extensive distributed electrons. By considering the appropriate starching coordinates and expansion of perturbation quantities, the Burgers-type equation with quartic nonlinearity is derived. Using the traveling wave transformation, a planar dynamical system is formed. The phase portrait is drawn and the associated nonlinear waves are analyzed. The research presented could be beneficial for understanding and forecasting localized electrostatic disturbances in the F- and D-layers of Earth's ionosphere as well as for guiding future experimental investigations in plasma laboratories.

An overview of ion-acoustic solitary and shock waves in a magnetized nonthermal plasma: influence of trapped positrons and electrons

A magnetized nonthermal electron–positron-ion (e-p-i) plasma is considered to study the propagation properties of ion-acoustic solitary and shock waves in the presence of trapped positrons and electrons for the first time. The Schamel-κ (kappa) distribution function that describes plasma nonthermality and particle trapping is assumed to consider electrons and positrons. The diffusive effect of ion plasma fluid, which is responsible for shock dynamics, is taken into account. A nonlinear Schamel-Korteweg–de Vries-Burgers’ (SKdVB) equation is derived by employing the reductive perturbation approach, and the solitary and shock wave solutions of the SKdVB equation have also been derived for different limiting cases. It is found that only positive potential nonlinear structures (for both solitary and shock waves) are formed in the proposed plasma system. The condition for stable solitons in the absence of dissipation is analyzed, and the nature of arbitrary amplitude solitary waves (obtained via the Sagdeev potential approach) is discussed. It is found through theoretical and numerical investigation that different plasma compositional parameters (such as the trapping effect of electrons (β e ) and positrons (β p ), the obliquity effect (θ), electron-to-ion number density ratio (µ e ), the magnetic field effect (via Ω) and the viscous effect (via η)) have a significant influence on the dynamics of ion-acoustic solitary and shock waves. The theoretical and numerical investigations in this study may be helpful in describing the nature of localized structures in different plasma contexts, e.g. space and astrophysical plasmas and experimental plasmas where electron–positron-ion plasmas exist.

Evolution of Subsonic Shock Waves Associated with Reconnection Jets in Earth’s Magnetotail

Motivated by the signatures of nonlinear electrostatic waves observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft mission in reconnection jet regions of Earth's magnetotail, we have explored the dynamical features of ion-acoustic shock waves in the magnetotail. In this investigation, we have examined the dynamics and characteristics of ion-acoustic subsonic shock waves in non-Maxwellian space plasma comprising of two counterstreaming ion beams with suprathermal electrons, assumed to follow a kappa (κ) distribution. A reductive perturbation technique has been adopted to establish an evolution equation for small amplitude electrostatic shock structures. Importantly, subsonic waves only exist when the beam velocity exceeds a certain threshold, beyond which supersonic and subsonic waves may coexist. The combined effects of the beam velocity and the non-Maxwellian electron statistics have been analyzed to examine the characteristics of subsonic shock waves. Both symmetric and asymmetric (in relative beam density) models have been considered, leading to distinct possibilities in the evolution of subsonic shock waves. The findings of the investigation will help unfold the relatively unexplored dynamical characteristics of subsonic shock waves that may form and propagate in the magnetosphere.

Ion Acoustic Shock Waves in a Magnetized, Cometary Plasma Containing Warm Ions

Ion Acoustic Shock Waves in a Magnetized, Cometary Plasma Containing Warm Ions

The (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear ion acoustic waves in multicomponent plasma containing kappa electrons

Large amplitude (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear ion acoustic waves are theoretically studied in multicomponent plasma consisting of positively charged ions and negatively charged ions, ion beam, kappa-distributed electrons, and dust grains, respectively. By using the Sagdeev potential method, the dynamical system and the Sagdeev potential function are obtained. The important influences of system parameters on the phase diagram of this system are investigated. It is found that the linear waves, the nonlinear waves and the solitary waves are coexistent in the multicomponent plasma system. Meanwhile, the variations of Sagdeev potential with parameter can also be obtained. Finally, it seems that the propagating characteristics of (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear ion acoustic solitary waves and ion acoustic nonlinear shock wave can be influenced by different parameters of this system.

Dust‐ion‐acoustic shock wave excitations at super‐critical points with quartic nonlinearity

AbstractProgress in understanding the propagation of dust ion acoustic shock waves for the super critical values of any specific parameter which accompany an unmagnetized collisionless four‐component dusty multi‐ion nonextensive plasma is presented. To accomplish this goal, the formation of modified Burgers‐type equation having quartic nonlinearity via the reductive perturbation method and its analytical solution is yielded for the first time. It is found that the compressive electrostatic shocks are supported not only around the super critical values but also at the super critical values of the specific parameters. The presented results would be applicable to comprehend wave propagation in interplanetary plasmas and laboratory plasmas.

Dust ion acoustic bi-soliton, soliton, and shock waves in unmagnetized plasma with Kaniadakis-distributed electrons in planar and nonplanar geometry

Dust ion acoustic bi-soliton, soliton, and shock waves in unmagnetized plasma with Kaniadakis-distributed electrons in planar and nonplanar geometry

Dust ion acoustic shock and solitary waves in a magnetized multi-component plasma with superthermal electrons

The nonlinear wave propagation in dusty plasmas has received great interest in recent decades due to its significance in interpreting some astrophysical phenomenon. Wave propagation in dust-particle plasmas is likely to differ significantly from that in normal plasmas. Depending on their time scales, several types of acoustic waves propagate in dusty plasmas. The propagation of DIA waves was investigated through a system of multi-component dusty plasma. The study shows the effect of the magnetic field and superthermal parameters on the Sagdeev potential. The Sagdeev potential falls with decreasing ω ci values and rising superthermal parameter k values. Bifurcation analysis is taken into our consideration and shown graphically under the two conditions (A > 0 ) and (A < 0). The presented theoretical work is useful in fully understanding disturbances of the electrostatic in space dusty plasmas.

On the propagation and interaction of ion-acoustic solitary, periodic, shock, and breather waves in a non-Maxwellian electron–positron–ion magnetoplasma

This investigation analyzes the propagation of nonlinear ion-acoustic waves (IAWs) in an unmagnetized, collisionless plasma composed of inertial positive ions and inertialess Maxwellian positrons as well as the inertialess non-Maxwellian electrons that obey (r, q)-distribution. To observe the impact of particle trapping on the nonlinear IAWs in an electron–positron–ion plasma, the Korteweg–De Vries (KdV) and modified KdV (mKdV) equations are derived using a reductive perturbation method. In the distribution function, the spectral parameters (r, q) put up their contribution to the flatness and high-energy tails, respectively. An important aspect of this investigation is the determination of well-known quasi-periodic solutions, multi-soliton solutions, breathers, and shocks under the variation of different physical parameters, especially spectral indices (r, q). Finally, the interaction of solitons is also presented for discussion of the complete profile. In addition, a detailed comparison, especially in a periodic wave, is made between the generalized (r, q)-distribution and the limiting cases of Kappa and Maxwellian distributions. The results presented in this study contribute to a better understanding of the characteristics of both high- and low-energy parts of the electron distribution function as well as the formation of periodic, soliton, multi-soliton, breathers, and shocks in space and astrophysical plasmas.

Investigation of dust ion acoustic shock and solitary waves in a viscous dusty plasma

A viscous dusty plasma containing Kappa-(κ − ) distributed electrons, positive warm viscous ions, and constant negatively charged dust grains with viscosity have been considered to study the modes of dust-ion-acoustic waves (DIAWs) theoretically and numerically. The derivations and basic features of shock and solitary waves with different plasma parameters like Mach number, finite temperature coefficient, unperturbed dust streaming velocity, the kinematic viscosity of dust, etc of this DIAWs mode have been performed. Considering the dynamical equation from Korteweg-de Vries(KdV) equation, a phase portrait has been drawn and the position of the saddle point or col. and center have also been discussed. This type of dusty plasma can be found in celestial bodies. The results of this research work can be applied to study the properties of DIAWs in various astrophysical situations where κ-distributive electrons are present and careful modification of the same model can help us to understand the nature of the DIAWs of laboratory plasma as well.

Head on collision of ion–acoustic shock waves in weakly relativistic electron–positron–ion quantum plasma

In this work, we explore analytically the head on collision (HoC) of two ion acoustic shock wave in relativistic quantum plasma. Extended Poincaré Lighthill Kuo(PLK) method has been applied in this problem in a fruitful manner to study the HoC of waves which are rare in literature. Introducing the strained coordinates and expanding the field quantities into the parameter ϵ, a set of differential equations is obtained. Tangent Hyperbolic method is also used while investigating nonlinear interaction of this mode. These techniques are proven to be efficient enough to extract the essence of physics. Our major focus is to study the influence of plasma characteristics on shock wave phase shifts upon a head-on collision. The effects of the ratio of electrons to positron temperature, fractional concentration of positrons, quantum parameter, kinematic viscosity on the phase shift are studied. The findings suggest that shock interactions are distinct from those of solitons. It is also observed that the dispersion and dissipation of the colliding nonlinear structure have a combined role in the occurrence and modification of trajectory variations. The results of this work might be beneficial in studying the propagation and interaction of quantum ion–acoustic shock waves in dense astrophysical plasma systems (white dwarf star) and intense laser-solid density plasma investigations.

Linear analysis and head-on collision of dust ion-acoustic shock waves in un-magnetized electronegative collisional plasmas

The linear properties and head-on collision of dust ion-acoustic shock waves (DIASWs) are investigated in un-magnetized electronegative collisional plasmas comprising non-inertial thermal electron and light negative ion, inertial positive ion, and stationary dust grain with negative charges. In this regard, the dispersion relation is derived using the standard normal mode analysis and the two-sided damped Korteweg–deVries (dKdV) equations are derived employing the extended Poincaré Lighthill Kuo (ePLK) method. The effects of physical parameters on linear dispersion relation, formation of shocks, phase shift due to head-on collision, and collision process are studied. It is found that the effect of is more dominant to the wave frequency than that of and in a certain range of the group velocity of the DIASWs is increasing and then decreasing for the effect of the ratio of negative ion to electron density. The amplitude and width of the DIASWs increase with the enhancement of electron temperature and the ion-neutral collision plays a significant role in the formation of shock. The consequence of () the phase shift is increasing (decreasing). The results of this study may be useful to the investigation of space and astrophysical environment where the electronegative collisional plasma exists.

Evolution of ion-acoustic shock waves in magnetized plasma with hybrid Cairns–Tsallis distributed electrons

Abstract The propagation of nonlinear electrostatic ion-acoustic (IA) shock waves in presence of external magnetic field having Cairns–Tsallis distributed electrons and ion kinematic viscosity is investigated. In the linear regime, the dispersion relation of the ion acoustic shock wave is found to be modified by the external magnetic field. Adopting reductive perturbation approach, it is shown that the dynamics of shocks is modeled by a hybrid Ostrovsky–Burgers’ equation. The influence of relevant physical parameters such as nonthermality and nonextensivity of electrons, magnetic field strength, and ion kinematic viscosity on the time evolution of the shock structure is numerically examined. It is observed the present plasma system supports both compressive and rarefactive shock waves. Furthermore, the analysis is performed through dynamical system approach to elucidate the various aspects of the phase-space shock dynamics.

Nonlinear dynamical analysis of drift ion acoustic shock waves in Electron-Positron-Ion plasma with adiabatic trapping

Propagation of nonlinear coupled drift ion acoustic shock wave is investigated in an electron–positron-ion (epi) plasma in the presence of fully degenerate adiabatically trapped electrons. A novel complex nonlinear equation with fractional nonlinear terms is formulated. Phase plane theory of planar dynamical system is employed to investigate this nonlinear equation of epi plasma. The variations in nonlinear periodic orbits (NPO), nonlinear heteroclinic orbits (NHO), time series plots and shock profiles are demonstrated by varying the values of different controlling parameters such as the ratio of positron to electron number density, collisional frequency, magnetic field, drift velocity and angle of propagation. It is seen that a pair of shock structures are obtained – which is the most significant result of this work.

Nonlinear behaviour of ion acoustic shock waves in a two-electron temperature nonthermal complex plasma

Abstract The nonlinear propagation of dust-ion-acoustic shock waves (DIASWs) in unmagnetized dusty plasma comprising inertial ions, non-Maxwellian electrons with two distinct temperatures, and negatively charged dust is investigated in this article using a different approach based on the Sagdeev pseudopotential theory. The reductive perturbation approach is used to produce the KdVB and mKdVB equations and a comparison of their analytical and numerical solutions is shown. The effects of various parameters consisting of macroscopic non-thermal, ion-kinematic viscosity, etc. that significantly alternate the qualitative properties of DIASW are discussed. Both oscillatory and monotonic natures of the dispersive-diffusive shock wave structures are described in the present study. It has also been concentrated on nonlinear dynamics in such a plasma environment. The findings of this study should aid in understanding the nonlinear dynamics of wave damping and interactions in space and laboratory dusty plasmas, where the most relevant plasma parameters are kinematic viscosity and macroscopic non-thermality.

Shock Waves in Weakly Relativistic e-p-i Plasma: Application to Plasma Created by Ultraintense Short Pulse Laser

In this article, the role of the positrons shock waves generation in weakly relativistic laser-created plasma is investigated. The plasma considered is generated on the rear face of a target, irradiated by a high intensity short pulse laser, in the framework of target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA) mechanism. This plasma is composed of Boltzmann distributed positrons, hot and cold super-thermal electrons, and dynamic ions. Kinematic viscosity among the plasma constituents has been also considered. With the purpose of studying the behavior of nonlinear ion acoustic shock waves (IASHWs), the reductive perturbation method (RPM) has been employed and Korteweg-de Vries Burgers equation has been derived. It was observed that different plasma parameters (namely, electrons super-thermality, number of positrons, ion temperature, kinematic viscosity, etc.) have a real impact on the propagation of IASHWs. As electron–positron plasmas with ion possessing relativistic velocities are often detected in laboratory experiments, astrophysical, and space environments, the present work will help to explain the different types of collective processes and instabilities in regions where e-p-i plasmas can exist.

Ion Acoustic Shock Wave Formation and Ion Acceleration in the Interactions of Pair Jets with Electron–ion Plasmas

Astrophysical jets are ubiquitous in the universe and often associated with compact objects, and their interactions with the ambient medium not only dissipate their own energy but also provide ideal circumstances for particle acceleration. By means of theoretical analysis and particle-in-cell simulations, here we study the ion acoustic shock wave (IASW) formation and consequent ion acceleration when electron–positron (e − e +) jets are injected into ambient electron–ion plasmas. It is found that the Buneman instability can be excited first, which induces the formation of an ion acoustic wave (IAW). As the amplitude of the IAW increases, its waveform is steepened and subsequently an IASW is formed. Some ions in the ambient plasmas will be reflected when they encounter the IASW, and thus can be accelerated to form an energetic ion beam. For an initial e − e + jet with the Lorentz factor γ 0 = 100 and the ion–electron mass ratio m i /m e = 1836, the ions can be accelerated up to 580 MeV. This study deepens our understanding of the fireball model of gamma-ray bursts, the shock model of pulsar wind nebulae, the origin of cosmic rays, and other related astrophysical processes.

Effect of ion temperature on ion acoustic shock structures in dissipative (r,q) distributed plasma

In this paper, we have studied the effect of ion temperature on the propagation of ion acoustic shock waves in unmagnetized, collisionless plasma in the presence of electrons that follow the generalized (r, q) distribution. The Korteweg–de Vries–Burger equation has been derived, and shock structures have been presented. It has been found that only positive polarity shock structures might be observed for both Maxwellian and kappa distribution; however, both positive and negative polarity structures have been possible for the (r, q) distribution. Interestingly, it has also been observed that the shock polarity changes with the ion temperature for the case of spiky distribution. We also found that the strength and steepening of the shock structures are directly proportional to the concentration of high energy particles, whereas the low energy particles are responsible of the reversal of shock polarity.

Nonlinear analysis of the ion-acoustic solitary and shock wave solutions for non-extensive dusty plasma in the framework of modified Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers equation

Nonlinear analysis of the ion-acoustic solitary and shock wave solutions for non-extensive dusty plasma in the framework of modified Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers equation