Iodine Staining Technique Research Articles

Laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy with ileal-J-pouch anal canal anastomosis without diverting ileostomy for total colonic and extensive aganglionosis is safe and feasible with combined Lugol's iodine staining technique and indocyanine green fluorescence angiography.

We present the surgical technique and outcomes of reduced-port laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy with ileal-J-pouch anal canal anastomosis (IPACA) without diverting ileostomy for total colonic and extensive aganglionosis (TCA+). We retrospectively reviewed TCA+ cases between 2014 and 2022. Preoperative ileostomy was performed when transanal bowel irrigation was ineffective. Radical surgery for TCA+ was performed at approximately 6 kg. The surgery was performed using laparoscopy through a multi-channel trocar with or without an additional 3-mm trocar and IPACA reconstruction with indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICG) to assess anastomotic perfusion and Lugol's iodine staining to visualize the surgical anal canal. Ten patients with TCA+ were included. Ileostomy was performed in seven cases. The median operation time and blood loss were 274.5 min and 20 ml, respectively. No significant postoperative complications were found. All patients experienced frequent liquid stools and perianal excoriation in the early postoperative period, requiring anti-flatulence or codeine. The median follow-up period was 3.5 years. Three patients required irrigation management 1 year postoperatively, and the others defecated a median of 3.5 times per day. The median Kelly's clinical score was 5 in 5 patients aged >4 years. Reduced-port surgery, combined with Lugol's iodine staining and ICG, was safe, feasible, and had cosmetically and clinically acceptable mid-term outcomes.

Prevalence and associated risk factors of giardiasis in buffalo calves of nomadic communities, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Giardiasis is a gastrointestinal disease prevalent among animals and humans worldwide. In this regard, a study was conducted to assess prevalence and associated risk factors for giardiasis in buffaloes calves reared by nomadic communities of Jammu and Kashmir, India. One hundred twenty faecal samples from buffaloes calves of age up to 1 year were collected and tested by Formol ether sedimentation and Lugol’s iodine staining technique. Formol ether sedimentation gave higher prevalence 28.33% than Lugol’s iodine staining technique (24.16%. The highest prevalence was observed in females (31.32%), in age group of 3 to 6 months (46.88%) and in monsoon season (53.12%). Prevalence was higher in diarrhoeal calves (32.78%) than non-diarrhoeal ones (23.72%). High risk of infection was observed in non-dewormed calves (30%), those drinking stream water (37.5%) or wallowed in contaminated water (32%) and belong to water-clogged areas (34.28%). Identification of species was done using direct immunochromatographic assay. The study highlights association of water and sanitation with Giardia infection in areas studied.

Anatomical Characterization of the Tear Trough and the Lid-Cheek Junction: An Iodine Staining Technique Based on High-Resolution Micro-Computed Tomography.

The literature presents the tear trough and lid-cheek junction's controversial anatomical explanations. In this study, the authors explored the anatomical characterization of the tear trough deformity and lid-cheek junction. Twelve human cadaver specimens were obtained from the authors' anatomy department. Iodine staining and high-resolution micro-computed tomography was used to observe the suborbital area's anatomy. Anatomical studies and histologic evaluation were performed. The orbicularis retaining ligament is composed of a main septum right on the rim and multiple fibrous septa in the retro-orbicularis plain. The septum arises from the deep fascia of the palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi at approximately the level of the medial corneoscleral limbus, anchors the muscle to the orbital rim, and continues laterally as the lateral orbital thickening at the lateral canthus. Along the lid-cheek junction, multiple fibrous septa emanating from the deep fascia of the orbital part of the orbicularis oculi converge to the above septum. Using three-dimensional simulation, the skin-insert junction between the pre-palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi and pre-orbicularis oculi fibers precisely corresponded with the tear trough and the lid-cheek groove. Anatomical studies and histologic evaluation confirmed these observations. The orbicularis retaining ligament's subtle anatomical features are clearly seen using the approach described. The tear trough and the lid-cheek junction's anatomical characterization is defined by a suborbital ligament-fascia system whose description has implications in designing lower eyelid cosmetic surgery.

Application of iodine staining technique for tumor identification in Micro-CT of mouse model with skull base-infratemporal fossa tumor

Objective To establish an animal model with malignant tumor in the skull base-infratemporal region, and to explore the role of iodine staining technique in identifying tumor tissues with Micro-CT data. Methods Sedation anesthesia was carried out on 12 BABL/c nude mice using inhaled isoflurane, and then WSU-HN6 cells that cultured and immortalized from human tongue squamous cell carcinoma were injected into the right infratemporal fossa via the submandibular area. The procedure was carried out under ultrasonographic guidance. The nude mice were sacrificed after 3 weeks observation. The head specimens were fixed and scanned by Micro-CT, and repeated scans were performed after staining with 3.75% compound iodine solution. Following decalcification in 20% EDTA for 2-4 weeks, the head specimens were embedded and sectioned. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Pan-Keratin immunohistochemical staining were carried out. Bright-field microscopy and stereomicroscopy were used to visualize. The Micro-CT data were analyzed using iPlan software (Brainlab). Results Non-traumatic ultrasonography was used to guide HN-6 cells injection and confirm skull-base tumor formation in all the animals. Ultrasonographic guidance reduced the risk of cervical vessel injury when transferring tumor cells into the skull base space. An obvious asymmetrical appearance was detected via ultrasonography 3 weeks after tumor cell injection. The Micro-CT analysis showed that the bone was obviously damaged on the right side of the skull base, but the soft tissue image was unrecognizable. After four days staining with compound iodine solution, the morphology of the tumor and surrounding soft tissue could be clearly identified. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed the tumor formation of the right infratemporal fossa region accompanied by bone destruction. Human keratin immunohistochemical staining showed that the tumor tissue originated from human squamous cell carcinoma, and the polynuclear osteoclasts could be seen at the margin of the skull base bone resorption. Conclusion The animal model with malignant tumor in the skull base-infratemporal region could be successfully established via submandibular injection under ultrasound-guidance. Bone changes of the skull were easily observed on Micro-CT, but the tumor counter was not able to be distinguished from surrounding soft tissue. The 3.75% compound iodine staining of the head specimen could help discern the tumor and surrounding soft tissue in more details.

Detectability of rat brain structures using DiceCT imaging as compared to traditional atlas visualizations

Advancements in neurological imaging modalities have the potential to enable new understanding in nervous system organization. One recently developed example, diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography (diceCT), is an iodine staining and X-ray μCT-imaging technique that allows for the differentiation of myelinated and unmyelinated nervous tissues at finer scales of spatial resolution than standard 3D brain-imaging tools permit. DiceCT is versatile, capable of imaging specimens across several orders of magnitude in size, and enables large structures such as human brains to be studied alongside those of much smaller organisms like fish, frogs, and birds. The staining agent can also be removed, allowing the application of histological methods and analyses following diceCT imaging. However, because of its relative newness, ground-truthing diceCT by determining its reliability for distinguishing precise boundaries between neuroanatomical structures is critical for its potentially broad application by anatomists, neuroscientists, and organismal biologists. For example, some tissue-level neuroanatomical features are poorly differentiated due to broad tissue similarities among adjacent structures or obscure boundaries (such as thalamic nuclei, which are separated by many small white-matter tracts). To address this, we compared 3D, orientation-matched image stacks of diceCT adolescent Sprague Dawley rat brains to structural and region-outline diagrams from the well-established, Paxinos and Watson 2D rat brain atlas (7th edition). We scored the visibility and consistency by which atlas-identifiable neuroanatomical features can be documented in diceCT images. We attempted to identify more than 1,000 neuroanatomical structures, spanning seventeen 2D atlas sections and all brain regions. The relative brightness (e.g., “medium gray”, “high white”) of diceCT structures was documented qualitatively, and results were exclusively scored as: (i) visibly distinct and replicable, (ii) visible but with ambiguous boundaries; (iii) visibly distinct and replicable after image enhancement, (iv) visibly distinct but non-replicable (including asymmetrically present), or (v) visibly non-distinct and non-replicable. This scheme allowed us to reliably distinguish neuroanatomical structures in diceCT images and estimate what proportion can be visualized. Preliminary results scored approximately 60% of white-matter (= 172) and 20% of gray-matter (= 157) structures as (i) visibly distinct and replicable in diceCT brains, which contrasted with approximately 20% (= 57) and 55% (= 432), respectively, as (v) visibly non-distinct and non-replicable. These results are generally better for structure differentiation than atlas-provided cresyl violet brain sections. Notably, few structures (< 5%) were (iv) visibly distinct but non-replicable (e.g., asymmetrically present), and most of those were concentrated in the forebrain. Altogether, our findings point towards a potential future for diceCT as a consistently reliable neuroanatomical imaging standard.

A novel Lugol\u2019s iodine staining technique to visualize the upper margin of the surgical anal canal intraoperatively for Hirschsprung disease: a case series

BackgroundIn cases of Hirschsprung disease, complete and reproducible resection of the aganglionic bowel is ideal to achieve good postoperative bowel function. Reliable identification of the upper margin of the surgical anal canal, which is the squamous-columnar junction, is necessary during transanal pull-through. Here, we describe a novel staining technique using Lugol’s iodine stain to visualize the upper margin of the surgical anal canal.MethodsLugol’s iodine staining was performed in five patients with Hirschsprung disease treated using a single-stage laparoscopic transanal pull-through modified Swenson procedure. In two of these patients, endocytoscopic observation with ultra-high magnification was performed using methylene blue and crystal violet to mark the border of the squamous epithelium at 1 week before surgery. The alignment between the incisional line, which was revealed using Lugol’s iodine staining and endocytoscopic marking, was evaluated. Complications, including postoperative bowel dysfunction, were evaluated.ResultsIn all cases, Lugol’s iodine staining produced a well-demarcated line. The endocytoscopic marking of the upper margin of the surgical anal canal was aligned with the line revealed by Lugol’s iodine staining. There were no complications associated with the transanal pull-through procedure, including postoperative bowel dysfunction.ConclusionsLugol’s iodine staining could be a safe and practical method to visualize the upper margin of the surgical anal canal intraoperatively. This finding may be useful for surgeons to make a consistent removal of the aganglionic bowel during surgery for Hirschsprung disease.

MicroCT Imaging of Heart Valve Tissue in Fluid.

Heart valve computational models require high quality geometric input data, commonly obtained using micro-computed tomography. Whether in the open or closed configuration, most studies utilize dry valves, which poses significant challenges including gravitational and surface tension effects along with desiccation induced mechanical changes. These challenges are overcome by scanning in a stress-free configuration in fluid. Utilizing fluid backgrounds however reduces overall contrast due to the similar density of fluid and tissue. The work presented here demonstrates imaging of the mitral valve by utilizing an iodine-based staining solution to improve the contrast of valve tissue against a fluid background and investigates the role of stain time and concentration. It is determined that an Olea europaea oil bath with a relatively high concentration, short stain time approach produces high quality imagery suitable for creating accurate 3D renderings. Micro-CT scanning of heart valves in fluid is shown to be feasible using iodine staining techniques.

New Insights Into 3-Dimensional Anatomy of the Facial Mimetic Muscles Related to the Nasolabial Fold: An Iodine Staining Technique Based on Micro-Computed Tomography.

This study aimed to introduce a novel approach to study the facial mimetic muscles (FMMs) related to the nasolabial fold (NLF) and realize the visualization of complex 3-dimensional (3D) structures of the FMM. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and iodine staining technique were used to obtain the 2-dimensional radiographs of the FMM. Materialise Mimics software was then used to reconstruct the 3D model of the FMM. The zygomaticus major muscle was not directly connected to the orbicularis oris muscle (OOM). The terminal fibers of the zygomaticus major muscle were located in the levator anguli oris. The surface of the FMM was covered with some unknown muscle fibers in the NLF. The terminal fibers of the zygolabialis ended in the middle of the ipsilateral OOM rather than the edge of the OOM. At the same anatomical level, the FMM fibers were so closely connected to each other that they were not separated by adipose tissue. A detailed 3D sequence of the muscle fibers in the modiolus at the corner of the mouth was determined. The muscle fibers in the modiolus were organized rather than disorganized. The terminal fibers of the levator anguli oris were located at the terminal fibers of the musculus depressor anguli oris at the corner of mouth. Although the micro-CT had many disadvantages, the micro-CT combined with iodine staining technique enabled the 3D anatomical study of the FMM related to NLF. We imported the 2-dimensional images obtained by micro-CT scanning into Mimics software, successfully reconstructed the FMM related to the NLF, and finally obtained images of complex 3D structures of the FMM related to the NLF. The shapes, positions, and 3D spatial relationships between the FMM related to the NLF were clearly visualized. The novel insights into the 3D anatomy of the FMM related to NLF may help understand the formation of the NLF. Finally, the results of this study may help improve rejuvenation surgery of the NLF in the near future.

Prevalence and influencing factors of intestinal parasitic diseases among rural children in Henan Province

To understand the epidemic status and influencing factors of intestinal parasitic diseases among rural children in Henan Province. According to the Scheme for The National Survey on Current Status of Major Human Parasitic Diseases in China, the survey counties were selected based on the ecological zones and economic levels in Henan Province between 2014 and 2015. Then, the included counties were stratified according to the topography and economic levels. A township was randomly sampled from each stratum, and a village was randomly sampled from each township as the study site. Finally, a total of 104 study sites from 35 counties were enrolled for the survey of intestinal parasitic diseases in children. At least 250 fresh stool samples were collected from each study site for detection of intestinal helminth eggs with the Kato-Katz technique, for the identification of Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale with the fecal culture method, and for the detection of intestinal protozoa trophozoite and cyst with the physiological saline smear and iodine staining techniques. In addition, the Enterobius vermicularis and tapeworm eggs were detected in children aged 3 to 6 years using the adhesive cellophane-tape perianal swab method. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was 3.21% (214/6 671) among rural children in Henan Province, and the prevalence of intestinal helminthes (2.62%, 175/6 671) was higher than that of intestinal protozoa (0.60%, 40/6 671). A total of 12 species of intestinal parasites were found, including 4 nematodes species, one trematode species, and 7 protozoa species, and the highest infection was seen in E. vermicularis (2.47%, 161/6 671). Among the four ecological zones in Henan Province, the greatest prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was detected among children in the Qinba Mountain Ecological Zone (5.85%, 90/1 538). There was no gender-specific difference in the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in children (P > 0.05); however, there were age- (χ2 = 32.762, P < 0.05) and education level-specific differences in the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in children (χ2 = 67.507, P < 0.05), with the greatest prevalence of E. vermicularis infection seen in all species of intestinal parasites in children at all age groups. Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that high education level, high coverage of harmless toilets, drinking tap water and deworming were protective factors for intestinal parasitic infections in children in Henan Province. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections appeared a tendency towards a gradual decline among children in Henan Province as compared to the previous two surveys. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections shows a tendency towards a remarkable decline among children in Henan Province. E. vermicularis infection should be given a priority for future parasitic disease control activities among rural children in Henan Province.

New Insights into the Three-Dimensional Anatomy of the Facial Mimetic Muscles Related to the Nasolabial Fold: An Iodine Staining Technique Based on Nano-computed Tomography.

This study aimed to introduce a novel approach to study the facial mimetic muscles (FMMs) in relation to the nasolabial fold (NLF) and realize the visualization of complex three-dimensional (3D) structures and spatial relationships of the FMMs. Nano-computed tomography (nano-CT) and iodine staining techniques were used to obtain the two-dimensional (2D) radiographs of the FMMs. Materialise Mimics software was then used to reconstruct the 3D model of the FMMs. The zygomaticus major muscle (ZMM) was divided into trunk fibers and branch fibers. The trunk fibers of the ZMM were subdivided into branch fibers layer-by-layer. Adipose tissue in the cheek was not a mass of unorganized fat. It was separated and fixed by branch fibers. Moreover, the trunk fibers of the ZMM were directly connected to the levator anguli oris (LAO), not the skin. On the contrary, the ZMM was connected to the skin by its subdivided branch fibers indirectly. The muscle fibers in the modiolus were organized, rather than disorganized. In other words, the terminal of the trunk fibers of the ZMM was located in the LAO. Moreover, the terminal of the trunk fibers of the LAO was located at the terminal of the trunk fibers of the musculus depressor anguli oris at the corner of the mouth. Furthermore, the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi was not directly connected to the orbicularis oris muscle. It was connected to the combination of the LLS and the rhinaeus. Although nano-CT has many disadvantages, it enabled the 3D anatomical study of the FMMs in relation to the NLF when combined with iodine staining. We imported the 2D images obtained by nano-CT scanning into the Mimics software, successfully reconstructed the FMMs, and finally obtained images of complex 3D structures of the FMMs. The shapes, positions, and 3D spatial relationships of the FMMs were clearly visualized. The novel insights into the 3D anatomy of the FMMs may help understand the formation of the NLF. Finally, the results of this study may help improve the rejuvenation surgery of the NLF soon. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Anatomical Characterization and Three-Dimensional Modeling of the Muscles at the Corner of the Mouth: An Iodine Staining Technique Based on Micro-Computed Tomography.

The anatomy of the modiolus and surrounding muscles is complicated and contributes to the morphology of the mouth corner. The authors used iodine staining and micro-computed tomography to observe the anatomy of the modiolus and surrounding muscles. Based on the micro-computed tomographic images and the three-dimensional model construction, the authors found that the muscle fibers in the modiolus were oriented continuously in the running direction of the muscle itself and that there were no chaotic clumps in the region of muscle fiber convergence. The pars marginalis of the orbicularis oris muscle connects with the deep buccinator muscle, which may account for how the pars marginalis fibers act to press the upper lip against the maxillary teeth or invert it closer to the oral cavity. These findings may be helpful for plastic surgeons who perform commissuroplasty.

Epidemiological Survey on Stray Dogs and Cats Gastro-Intestinal Parasites in Kirkuk province, Iraq

Gastro-intestinal parasites (GIPs) of stray dogs and cats play an epidemiological critical role, and also play a major role in transmitting through contamination of soil, food and/or drinking water with GIPs faecals. The objective of this study was to screening the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in stray dogs and cats in Kirkuk province, Iraq. Fresh faecal specimens (n=125) of stray dogs and cats were collected during 15th February 2015 till 15th February 2016 from different regions of Kirkuk province. The experimental processing were carried out within 24 h.s using flotation techniques, and stained using Ziehl–Neelsen, trichrome and iodine staining technique protocols. The overall significant prevalence of GIPs among stray dogs (n=77) was 84.42%, these were Toxocara canis (25.98%), Diphylobotherium latum (23.38%), Isospora spp. (20.78%), Dipylidium caninum (16.88%), Taenia hydatigera (14.29%), Echinicoccus spp. (6.49%), Mesocestoides spp. (6.49%), Cryptosporidium spp. (6.49%), Ancylostoma caninum (2.59%) and Stongyloides sp. (1.3%). Of 48 stray cats faecal specimens subjected to the present study, 77.08% were positive for GIPs significantly, including Toxocara cati (39.58%), Ancylostoma tubaeforme (22.92%), Taenia taeniaeformis (14.58%), Toxascaris leonina (6.25%), Diphylobotherium latum (6.25%), Cryptosporidium spp. (27.08%), Isospora spp. (10.41%) and Toxoplasma gondii (8.33%(. Among infected stray dogs Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum are the commonest GIPs in the present study. While, Toxocara cati and Ancylostoma tubaeforme are the most prevalence among stray cats in Kirkuk province. Among infected stray dogs Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum are the commonest GIPs in the present study. While, Toxocara cati and Ancylostoma tubaeforme are the most prevalence among stray cats in Kirkuk province.

Micro‐CT study of Bomirski melanoma growing in hamster eye

PurposeThe Bomirski Hamster Melanoma (BHM) cell line has been successfully used as an eye tumor animal model in the studies on tumor vascular network, metastasis and radiation treatment. Visualization and modeling of neoangiogenesis is crucial for further ocular tumor research. This work presents visualization and image analysis of BHM eyeballs using X‐ray microtomography (micro‐CT).MethodsMicro‐CT is a nondestructive preclinical imaging method with isotropic micron resolution suitable for small ex‐vivo samples. This technique provides 3D distribution of linear attenuation coefficient realized as a stack of cross‐sectional images. The micro‐CT scanning and analysis protocol was optimized for simultaneous visualization of normal ocular tissues, and pathological vasculature of BHM. Micro‐CT image contrast was enhanced using iodine (Lugol's solution) staining technique. In this investigation the Bruker SkyScan 1272 micro‐CT system was used.ResultsThe iodine staining method provided well contrasted images presenting a globe anatomy in fine details. Advanced malignancy, with the tumor occupying the entire anterior chamber and the pathological disorganized irregular tumor vascular network was also visualized. Image analysis and processing allowed to distinguish grey level range corresponding to the particular globe and tumor structures. Quantitative analysis of BHM vessel size distribution and complexity level was performed.ConclusionsMicro‐CT enhanced with Lugol solution staining method has a great potential in preclinical eye tumor research using small animal models.

MP08-20 RAPID PHENOTYPING OF GENITOURINARY ANOMALIES IN MICE USING MICRO-CT

You have accessJournal of UrologyImaging/Radiology: Uroradiology I1 Apr 2017MP08-20 RAPID PHENOTYPING OF GENITOURINARY ANOMALIES IN MICE USING MICRO-CT Gene Huang, Marisol O'Neill, Meade Haller, Carolina Jorgez, and D.J. Lamb Gene HuangGene Huang More articles by this author , Marisol O'NeillMarisol O'Neill More articles by this author , Meade HallerMeade Haller More articles by this author , Carolina JorgezCarolina Jorgez More articles by this author , and D.J. LambD.J. Lamb More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2017.02.307AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Mouse models serve as an excellent tool for studying human disease. Yet, the small size of the mouse presents technical challenges in characterizing organ defects. The use of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) in biomedical research has historically been limited to studying osseous structures. However, development of iodine staining techniques has allowed for improved ex vivo study of soft tissue structures. Images acquired through micro-CT allow for limitless virtual sectioning (as thin as 2 µm), a distinct advantage over traditional tissue sectioning. In this study, we demonstrate the successful use of iodine staining and micro-CT to rapidly phenotype genitourinary (GU) anomalies in mice. METHODS Mice GU specimens were excised, fixed in formalin, and dehydrated in 70% ethanol. Iodine staining was performed by soaking the tissue in 0.1 N iodine (Fluka). The specimen was suspended in agar in preparation for imaging. Images were acquired using the SkyScan 1272 High-Resolution X-Ray Microtomograph (Bruker microCT, Kontich, Belgium). A 0.5 µm aluminum filter was utilized. Imaging parameters were 5 µm and 11 µm pixel size for penis and kidney specimens, respectively, and 2016 x 1344 resolution. Images were reconstructed using NRecon (Bruker microCT) and visualized using 3D Slicer v4 (slicer.org). RESULTS Both embryonic and adult mice GU specimens were imaged. Micro-CT scan time varied with specimen size and desired resolution, but was at longest 120 minutes. Normal and pathologic GU phenotypes were characterized on three-dimensional, reconstructed images. Embryonic GU systems were examined, including a number of hydronephrotic kidneys (top left). Normal, hydronephrotic, duplex (top right), and polycystic kidneys (bottom left) were identified in adult specimens. Adult penile specimens (bottom right) were reconstructed to allow for morphometric measurements. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate successful generation of three-dimensional, high-resolution, contrast-enhanced images of GU organs in the murine model using micro-CT. The use of micro-CT possesses a vast potential in rapid phenotyping and study of GU anomalies in the murine model. © 2017FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 197Issue 4SApril 2017Page: e99 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2017MetricsAuthor Information Gene Huang More articles by this author Marisol O'Neill More articles by this author Meade Haller More articles by this author Carolina Jorgez More articles by this author D.J. Lamb More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Prevalence of intestinal opportunistic parasites infections in the University hospital of Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.

BackgroundGastrointestinal parasites infections are widespread in Africa and their prevalence infections vary from country to country. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of opportunistic intestinal parasites infection and other gastrointestinal parasites infection among patients attending the laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology of the University Hospital Souro Sanou of Bobo-Dioulasso.MethodsA hospital cross-sectional based study was conducted from April to August, 2012. Participants were persons whom parasitological examination of stools has been prescribed by a clinician. The stools examination methods included direct wet saline examination, lugol’s iodine staining technique, formol-ether concentration and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining. We recorded age and sex information for each patient.ResultsThe overall prevalence of intestinal parasite infections was 65.3 % (190/291). Majority of the parasitic infections was waterborne (64.3 %) consisting of high prevalence of Cryptosporidium sp. (26.5 %) and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (23.4 %). The prevalence of opportunistic parasites was 28.9 % and Cryptosporidium sp. was the most prevalent species followed by Blastocystis sp. (1.0 %), Cyclospora sp. (0.7 %) and Isospora belli (0.7 %). The prevalence of intestinal helminthes was 1.7 %.ConclusionsThe prevalence of intestinal parasitism in general remains high in Bobo-Dioulasso requiring the establishment of adequate diagnostic techniques, treatment and prevention.

Anatomy research of nasolabial muscle structure in fetus with cleft lip: an iodine staining technique based on microcomputed tomography.

A thorough knowledge of the anatomic structure of the orbicularis oris of the upper lip and the nasalis in fetus with cleft lip is the key for the success of cleft lip repair. To understand the anatomic structure of the muscles of nasolabial region in fetus with cleft lip, the nasolabial tissues in 4 aborted fetuses with cleft lip were soaked for 7 days with iodine solution (Lugol solution of 3.75%) and were given micro-computed tomography. After the iodine solution permeated into the soft tissues, a good contrast was showed between muscle fibers and other fibrillar connective tissues. Through the observation of the obtained images, we found that most orbicularis oris fibers gathered into bundles with clear outline and only had slight deformation and displacement on the health side of the cleft of the unilateral incomplete cleft lip; however, in the lateral cleft, the muscle fibers not only had deformation and displacement but also were immature, disorganized, and not gathered into bundles. After being restored in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine format, the obtained images were then transferred into Materialise's interactive medical image control system, edited, and reconstructed into three-dimensional models. The models clearly showed the spatial relationship between the muscular tissues of the nasolabial region and the nasolabial outline in fetus with cleft lip.

PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITES AMONG FOOD HANDLERS IN WESTERN IRAN

Parasitic infection is one of the problems that affect human health, especially in developing countries. In this study, all of the fast food shops, restaurants, and roast meat outlets of Khorramabad (Western Iran) and all the staff employed by them, some 210 people, were selected through a census and their stools were examined for the presence of parasites. The parasitological tests of direct wet-mount, Lugol's iodine staining, formaldehyde-ether sedimentation and Trichrome staining techniques were performed on the samples. The data was analyzed with a chi-square test and logistic regression was selected as the analytical model. The results showed 19 (9%) stool specimens were positive for different intestinal parasites. These intestinal parasites included Giardia lamblia 2.9%, Entamoeba coli 4.3%, Blastocystis sp. 1.4%, and Hymenolepis nana 0.5%. There was a significant difference between the presence of a valid health card, awareness of transmission of intestinal parasites, participation in training courses in environmental health with intestinal parasites (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between the rate of literacy and gender among patients infected with intestinal parasites (p > 0.05). To control parasitic infection in food handlers, several strategies are recommended such as stool examinations every three months, public education, application of health regulations, controlling the validity of health cards and training on parasitic infection transmission. In this regard, the findings of the present study can be used as a basis to develop preventive programs targeting food handlers because the spread of disease via them is a common problem worldwide.

Rapid Iodine Staining Techniques for Identifying the Waxy Phenotype in Sorghum Grain and Waxy Genotype in Sorghum Pollen

Visual classification of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] grain for the waxy phenotype is subjective and can be confounded by genetic background, maturity, environment, and experience of the classifier. Rapid iodine staining methods for identifying the waxy phenotype in sorghum grain and waxy genotypes in sorghum pollen were developed. Mature single sorghum seeds were placed in 48‐well micro‐plates and crushed. Water was added and the mixture heated to 95°C for 1 h to gelatinize the starch. After cooling, iodine solution was added and color scored after 10 to 60 s allowing for very high sample throughput. Sorghum pollen was analyzed for waxy genotype by mixing isolated pollen with iodine solution and viewing under a microscope at 40×. Waxy pollen was visually distinguishable from wild‐type pollen using freshly collected as well as aged pollen. These methods will allow large‐scale screening of both mature sorghum grains as well as sorghum pollen for waxy characteristics.

Lugol's Test Reexamined again: Buccal Cells

Lugol's iodine staining technique was used to examine oral samples from 10 men and 10 women. Examination of saliva samples before and after extraction with water shows that the low levels (49 positive cells and 3,951 negative cells) of glycogen in buccal epithelial cells become even lower after water extraction (0 positive cells and 4,000 negative cells). In addition to the 20 samples used in this paper, 40 oral swabs extracted with water were examined under classroom conditions with much less than 1% of the epithelial cells being positive for glycogen. Furthermore, 119 saliva samples from chewed gauze in sexual assault kits were extracted with water and all of them yielded less than 1% glycogen positive cells. This paper proposes that when more than 1% of the nucleated squamous epithelial cells are glycogen positive with Lugol's test after extraction in water, it is reasonable to eliminate the mouth as a source of these glycogen positive cells.

Detection of adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum by capillary electrophoresis and polarized light microscopy

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) were utilized in the detection of the adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum. For CE analyses, standards of locust bean and guar gums were extracted with 30% CH3CN, removing the residual proteins from the gum matrix. A 8.75 mM NaH2PO4-20.6 mm Na2b4O7 buffer, pH 9, was used to separate these proteins and to identify marker proteins that were present in the guar gum. These markers did not co-migrate with components in the extracts of mechanically processed locust bean gum, and are used as indicators of adulteration. Using PLM with toluidine blue and iodine staining techniques, unadulterated locust bean gum samples were distinguished from mixed samples through the differential staining of components in locust bean versus guar and tara gums. These experiments in the use of CE and PLM provide orthogonal and complementary methods for the verification of ‘true’ positives and the elimination of ‘false’ positives.