Iodine In Organic Solvents Research Articles

βco-(ET) 2I 3: Non-electrochemical synthesis, structural and physical properties of an organic bulk superconductor with T c ≈ 8 K

The organic superconductor β co-(ET) 2I 3 (T c ≈ 8 K) was prepared by direct reaction of ET and iodine in organic solvents. The structure, as determined by high-resolution X-ray powder diffraction, closely resembles that of β-(ET) 2I 3 (T c ≈ 1.5 K). Keywords: Organic superconductors, X-ray diffraction, magnetization.

Investigation of sorption and transport of sorbate molecules in crystals of MFI structure type by iodine indicator technique

Abstract Iodine indicator technique (IIT) involving light microscopy has been introduced in our laboratory to investigate sorption and mass transport phenomena in zeolites and peculiarities of crystal morphology via coloring of zeolite crystals. The coloring of silicalite-1 90°-intergrowths was performed using pure iodine vapors and binary solutions of iodine in organic solvents (benzene, cyclohexane, toluene, ethylbenzene, p -xylene, and decahydronaphthalene). Coloring from the liquid phase was carried out either under co- or counter-diffusion conditions. The rate of coloring from the vapor phase, and under co-diffusion conditions from the liquid phase, was found to be limited by external mass transport and the coloring was uniform. Under counter-diffusion conditions, the rate of coloring was to about 2 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than in the latter case. Except for decahydronaphthalene, the coloring patterns were non-uniform, and they visualized at least in the beginning stage of the coloring process the interfaces of crystal sections. Also, the cracks were visualized being decorated with iodine. There is a marked difference between the development of coloring patterns of benzene and cyclohexane on one side and their linear alkyl derivatives (toluene, ethylbenzene and p -ethyltoluene) on the other side. In the former case, the iodine enters the bulk of crystal sections via section interfaces. In the latter case, the bulk of the sections appears to be inaccessible for iodine molecules. Other information on channel system accessibility provides IIT for decahydronaphthalene, where the molecular sieve effect of 10-membrane oxygen rings with respect to decahydronaphthalene is indicated.

Electron paramagnetic resonance studies on oxidative polymerization mechanism of furan derivatives

The oxidative polymerization of furan, 3-methylfuran and 2,2′,5′,2″-terfuran, induced by iodine in organic solvents having different donicity, was investigated by time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The reaction was monitored starting from the onset of the process and radical species arising from the monomers in early stages of the polymerization reaction were detected. The comparison between experimental and theoretical hyperfine coupling constants, obtained by simulated EPR spectra and theoretical ab initio calculations, respectively, allowed one to structurally characterize the above radical species, thus enabling mechanistic conclusions about oxidative coupling. Moreover, the analysis of the time evolution of EPR spectrum during the oxidative polymerization process was used for evaluating the relative amount of localized and mobile radical species along the polymer backbone, thus getting preliminary information about conjugation extent and electroconducting properties of the final material. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 1901–1910, 1998

Electron paramagnetic resonance studies on oxidative polymerization mechanism of furan derivatives

The oxidative polymerization of furan, 3-methylfuran and 2,2′,5′,2″-terfuran, induced by iodine in organic solvents having different donicity, was investigated by time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The reaction was monitored starting from the onset of the process and radical species arising from the monomers in early stages of the polymerization reaction were detected. The comparison between experimental and theoretical hyperfine coupling constants, obtained by simulated EPR spectra and theoretical ab initio calculations, respectively, allowed one to structurally characterize the above radical species, thus enabling mechanistic conclusions about oxidative coupling. Moreover, the analysis of the time evolution of EPR spectrum during the oxidative polymerization process was used for evaluating the relative amount of localized and mobile radical species along the polymer backbone, thus getting preliminary information about conjugation extent and electroconducting properties of the final material. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 1901–1910, 1998

Fast Muonium Reactions in Solution: An Electron Spin Exchange Interaction with Cr(NCS)63- in Water and Reaction with Iodine in Organic Solvents

Two reactions of muonium atoms close to the diffusion-controlled limit were analyzed as a function of solute size and solvent viscosity. With Cr(NCS)63- as solute in water, the reaction is an electron spin-conversion process, and the observed rate is taken to be half of the actual encounter rate, because of the quantum mechanical statistical factor and the occurrence of multiple collisions due to the solvent cage effect. The encounter rate deduced is 6.2 × 1010 M-1 s-1, which implies a large cross section for the Cr complex. In a second series of experiments, the rate of reaction of muonium with I2 was compared in water, methanol and n-heptane. The bimolecular rate constants determined are (1.7 ± 0.3), (7.0 ± 1.2), and (57 ± 22) × 1010 M-1 s-1, respectively, in these three solvents. This ∼30-fold change in rate is not matched by the change in the inverse of the solvents' viscosities, which changed overall by a factor of only 2.4. It looks as if quantum tunneling dominates over classical diffusion in less polar media where muonium is unencumbered by solvent clathration.

ChemInform Abstract: Interaction of Fullerene C60 with Iodine in Organic Solvents.

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Interaction of fullerene C60 with iodine in organic solvents

The interaction of fullerene C60 with molecular iodine in organic solvents was studied. The stoichiometry of the complex formed, C60∶I2=1∶3, was determined spectrophotometrically and by the interphase distribution technique. The constant of the formation of the adduct in toluene was calculated to be logK=8.9±0.3.

Adsorption Mechanism of Iodine on Activated Carbon

Abstract The characteristics and mechanisms for the adsorption of iodine from aqueous solutions or from organic solvents on activated carbon were studied. Most adsorption terminated in 24 h, but a very slow adsorption was observed even after 2 d for aqueous solutions. It was found that the adsorbed species could be quantitatively predicted using the Freundlich equation, and that Traube's rule holds for the experimental results of the adsorption equilibria from aqueous solutions and from all organic solutions except alcohols. The intraparticle diffusion coefficients of iodine in organic solvents were determined according to the Boyd equation from the experimental adsorption rate results and correlated to the viscosity of organic solvents.

211. The kinetics of the reaction between copper and iodine in various solutions. Part II. Solutions of iodine in organic solvents

211. The kinetics of the reaction between copper and iodine in various solutions. Part II. Solutions of iodine in organic solvents

138. The kinetics of the reaction between tin and solutions of bromine and iodine in organic solvents

138. The kinetics of the reaction between tin and solutions of bromine and iodine in organic solvents

The Action of Red Phosphorus of Iodine in Organic Solvents.

The Action of Red Phosphorus of Iodine in Organic Solvents.