Involvement Of New Actors Research Articles

Mitigating risks in hydrogen-powered transportation: A comprehensive risk assessment for hydrogen refuelling stations, vehicles, and garages

Hydrogen is increasingly seen as a viable alternative to fossil fuels in transportation, crucial to achieving net-zero energy goals. However, the rapid expansion of hydrogen-powered transportation is outpacing safety standards, posing significant risks due to limited operational experience, involvement of new actors and lack of targeted guidelines. This study addresses the urgent need for a tailored comprehensive risk assessment framework. Using Structured What-If (SWIFT) and bowtie barrier analysis, the research evaluates a hypothetical pilot project focusing on hydrogen refuelling stations, vehicles, and garages. The study identifies critical hazards and assesses the adequacy of current risk mitigation measures. Key findings reveal gaps in safety practices, leading to 41 actionable steps and 5 key activities to help new actors manage hydrogen risks effectively. By introducing novel safety guidelines, this research contributes to the development of safe hydrogen use and advances the understanding of hydrogen risks, ensuring its sustainable integration into transportation systems.

A Model of International Development Cooperation: The Case of Slovenia

Abstract Development aid, one of the most important mechanisms for the redistribution of global wealth, represents financial flows with economic growth and social improvement as their primary objective. Recently, international development cooperation has been in the process of change that requires the involvement of new actors, the use of new instruments, and expanding the fields of work. In this article, the authors introduce the Slovenian model of international development cooperation, emphasising the criteria for deciding the direction of development cooperation. The criteria are clear interest of the beneficiary state, content priority fields, and geographical priority areas. The authors also discuss Slovenia’s active collaboration with the United Nations Industrial Development Organization in international development cooperation. Special attention is given to three successful development projects in Africa that Slovenia recently financed. All three selected projects are based on principles of sustainable development and were realized in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda.

The changing nature of regional policy in Europe

AbstractThis article charts the changing context of regional economic development and the advancement of both policy thinking and analysis on this issue. The shift away from ‘traditional’ regional policies, designed to bring about regional convergence, towards new approaches, designed to exploit the economic development potential of regions, is the focus of the article. Specific attention is paid to the emergence of regional development strategies in the process, where ‘regions’ may be defined functionally rather than administratively. We outline the elements of such strategies—including redefining objectives, new types of interventions, involvement of new actors, and the broadening and integration of regional interventions—which distinguish them from traditional policy and which will determine the degree of success achieved. In conclusion, the paper raises two points of interest, namely the need for more inclusive regional development processes and better implementation of these demanding strategies.

Частные охранные организации как субъект охраны общественного порядка на массовых мероприятиях (по результатам исследования в период проведения XXIX Всемирной зимней универсиады 2019 года в г. Красноярске)

In a dynamic world, the protection of public order during the period of mass events requires the involvement of new actors to ensure it. New rights and responsibilities are given to existing state authorities and public associations of law enforcement. On an ongoing basis, the civil society of the Russian Federation and the authorities monitor the administrative and legal regulation of public order actors, calling for the optimization of the legislative regulating their activities, promptly correcting the identified shortcomings. This article discusses the involvement of private security organizations in ensuring public order during mass events. An analysis of certain provisions of the regulations governing the activities of private security organizations to ensure public order has been carried out. Based on the materials of the questionnaires of employees of private security organizations during the XXIX World Winter Universiade 2019 in Krasnoyarsk, the authors propose ways to solve the emerging problems, focusing on the trends of development institute of private security organizations’ participation in the protection of public order during mass events

Indigenous Numerically Small Peoples and Extraction Companies in the Ob North: Cooperation or Conflict?

The article examines the main sources of contradictions in relations between communities of Indigenous peoples and economic agents in the Yugra homeland. Based on analysis of individual cases, conclusions highlight involvement of new actors, public associations and nongovernmental organizations in processes termed conflictogenesis. Conclusions emphasize increasing need to expand practices of social partnership to resolve contradictions. A significant role for ethnological expert review is suggested in settling conflicts.

Rescaling the local: multi-academy trusts, private monopoly and statecraft in England

ABSTRACTFor the past six years successive UK governments in England have introduced reforms intended to usher in less aggregated, top-down, bureaucratically overloaded models of service delivery. Yet the ‘hollowing out’ of local government has not resulted in less bureaucracy on the ground or less regulation from above, nor has it diminished hierarchy as an organising principle of education governance. Monopolies and monopolistic practices dominated by powerful bureaucracies and professional groups persist, albeit realised through the involvement of new actors and organisations from business and philanthropy. In this paper I adopt a governmentality perspective to explore the political significance of large multi-academy trusts (MATs) – private sponsors contracted by central government to run publicly funded schools – to the generation of new scalar hierarchies and accountability infrastructures that assist in bringing the gaze of government to bear upon the actions of schools that are otherwise less visible under local government management.

Understanding Vaccine Innovation System in India

This book depicts about the issues of vaccine innovation and immunization in India. It has multidisciplinary dimension approach which try to assimilate the national innovation system to international system of innovation. Basically, this approach has occurred due to international collaboration in Science and Technology (S&T) which leads to involvement of new actors especially from developing countries i.e., India and China. The effect of this approach can be seen in flow of FDI in R&D, global knowledge networks, migration and circulation of knowledge workers. Moreover, the author argues that the innovation process is intervened through dependencies arising from international S&T order and interdependencies generated by the globalization process and emerging technologies. Beside this, it also focuses on the growth of the vaccine based on existing pattern and socio-economic dimensions of vaccine in India. Read more . . . . .

Global Constitutionalism and Global Governance: Towards a Un-Driven Global Constitutional Governance Model

The development of the UN governance process-model provides the basic constitutional framework for an integrated system of global governance that unifies the different legal systems under constitutional principles and procedures that respect pluralism and their overall diversity. It is however evident that any system of global governance requires a broader range of mechanisms to enable the meaningful involvement of new actors in decision-making, given the failure of the inclusion mechanisms implemented thus far in the intergovernmental UN system. It is therefore clear that the new model that is being developed should be seen as only the beginning of a global constitutionalization process.

Regional Governance in der grenzüberschreitenden Zusammenarbeit

Since 1990, cross-border cooperation in the European Union (EU) has been funded by the INTERREG programs. The planning and implementation of INTERREG projects, as well as the preparation of regional development strategies in each INTERREG program area, involves state and non-state actors. The different institutional frameworks of the EU and the participating nations makes cross-border cooperation a complex task of coordination. This article aims to clarify the role of INTERREG in the development of cross-border governance in the Lake Constance area. The main influence of INTERREG up until Funding Phase III (2000–2006) can be seen in the involvement of new actors from economics and civil society. In the subsequent funding phase (IV), which introduced strict and detailed guidelines for project application and implementation, thus complicating access to INTERREG funding, the involvement of new non-state actors in INTERREG projects seems to be declining. Today, the most important actor in cross-border cooperation is the International Lake Constance Conference (IBK), which is also supported by INTERREG funding. Although, IBK moderately institutionalized its structure in recent years, currently there are no cross-border institutions that would be able to solve severe cross-border conflicts, e.g. aircraft noise in southern Germany caused by the airport in Zurich. In addition, the large number of cross-border institutions sometimes leads to redundancies and inefficiencies in the governance of the Lake Constance area. However, since the region is not as peripheral as some other European regions, the dependence on public funds such as INTERREG is not as essential as may be the case elsewhere.English Title: Regional Governance in Crossborder Collaborations – An Analysis of the “INTERREG IV Programm Alpenrhein-Bodensee-Hochrhein”

Introduction: New Frontiers of Ecological Knowledge: Co-producing Knowledge and Governance in Asia

This essay makes a case for centering the questions of ecological knowledge in order to understand how environmental governance and resource access are being remade in the frontier ecologies of Asia. These frontiers, consisting of the so-called uplands and coastal zones, are increasingly subject to new waves of extractive and conservation activities, prompted in part by rising values attached to these ecologies by new actors and actor coalitions. Drawing on recent writings in science and technology studies, we examine the coproduction (Jasanoff 2004) of ecological knowledge and governance at this conjuncture of neoliberal interventions, land grabs, and climate change. We outline the complex ways through which the involvement of new actors, new technologies, and practices of boundary work, territorialisation, scale-making, and expertise transform the dynamics of the coproduction of knowledge and governance. Drawing on long term field research in Asia, the articles in this special section show that resident peoples are often marginalised from the production and circulation of ecological knowledge, and thus from environmental governance. While attentive to the entry of new actors and to the shifts in relations of authority, control, and decision-making, the papers also present examples of how this marginalisation can be challenged, by highlighting the limits of boundary-work and expertise in such frontier ecologies.

New Actors and the State: Addressing Maritime Security Threats in Southeast Asia

Over the past two decades, maritime security threats such as piracy, illegal fishing and maritime terrorism in Southeast Asia have attracted greater attention and concern. Responding to these threats and ensuring national security have long been seen as the responsibility of governments. This is reflected in much of the literature on Southeast Asian security issues, which focuses largely on state responses to threats. However, the notion of the state as the sole provider of security is being increasingly challenged in many parts of the world, with actors such as non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and private businesses playing ever more important roles in providing security. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the security sectors of Southeast Asian countries and security governance in the region, it is important to ask if this trend can also be observed in Southeast Asia. This special issue of Contemporary Southeast Asia (1) demonstrates that in recent years new actors have become involved in addressing national and regional security threats in Southeast Asia. The focus is on three distinctive types of actors--for-profit actors, not-for-profit actors and multilateral institutions--in responding to maritime security threats such as smuggling, piracy and illegal fishing. This issue investigates the ways in which new actors address these threats and considers how their participation has affected the role of the state as the primary provider of maritime security. It therefore offers insights into alternative methods for tackling contemporary maritime security threats in Southeast Asia, including hybrid forms of maritime security governance. Significantly, by revealing the contribution of new actors in Southeast Asia, a region where government responses and sovereignty have long played a central role, it demonstrates how and why established patterns of security governance in Southeast Asia are changing. This paper first situates our discussion in the broader theoretical debate that focuses on the rise of new actors in security governance around the world. The second section narrows the lens to Southeast Asia. It provides a brief overview of contemporary maritime security threats in Southeast Asia and discusses state responses to these threats. The third section elaborates our analytical framework, identifying the new actors discussed in this special issue and the nature of their responses to maritime security threats. It also examines the distinctive, often complex inter-relationships between these actors and the state across the region. Changes in Security Governance Economic, political and social problems such as financial crises and climate change that have emerged since the end of the Cold War seriously challenge existing state institutions worldwide. As a result, new actors have emerged that offer a wide range of governance responses to current problems at sub-national, national and international levels. (2) One area where new actors play an ever more important role is in responses to national and international security threats. Indeed, it has become increasingly clear that many contemporary non-traditional security threats, such as terrorism or transnational crime, cannot be addressed by existing national agencies or individual states alone. As a result, the line between national and international security has become blurred and security challenges are today met by a range of new actors. Three kinds of actors are arguably most important in addressing security challenges: (1) for-profit actors; (2) not-for-profit actors; and (3) multilateral institutions. The nature and scale of these actors' involvement depends on their motivations, capacities and interests. Their involvement can also be regarded in different ways. On the one hand, the involvement of new actors can be seen as ineffective in addressing security problems or as problematic --as exemplified by, the controversy and scandals that followed the large scale employment of private security firms in Iraq. …

Involving new actors to achieve ART scaling‐up: difficulties in an HIV/AIDS counselling and testing centre in Cameroon

The high HIV/AIDS-related mortality among young adults is devastating countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The implementing capacity of the health systems is the main limiting factor of antiretroviral treatment (ART) scaling-up;(1) this capacity depends mainly on the health workforce. Tackling the issue of human resources for health is thus of paramount importance to achieve universal access to ART and for the survival of health systems in time of AIDS. To support such a process, the World Health Organization stresses the importance of task shifting(2) from medical doctors to nurses and from nurses to community health workers. Such task shifting is not easy to achieve but undoubtedly needed. This paper raises issues about the involvement of new actors(3) without precise redefinitions of roles and task-shifting procedures. We take the example of a 'Centre de Prévention et de Dépistage Volontaire du VIH/sida'(4) in one major town of the Far-North province of Cameroon (Central Africa). The study was qualitative. Observations were carried out in the service and in-depth interviews conducted with health workers and actors of Cameroon's National AIDS Control Committee. These interviews were recorded and transcribed. The material was analysed using keywords. KEY RESULT: The involvement of new actors in a context of human resources for health shortage and health system crisis creates confusion and role conflicts, which lead to frustration. It favours the appearance of chinks within which these new actors slip and 'find their way' in the system; it finally raises problems related to their legitimacy and position within the existing hierarchy. KEY POLICY MESSAGE: It is necessary, when involving new staff members (particularly when they do not belong to internationally recognized health professionals such as nurses, doctors and pharmacists), to redefine roles and build precise task-shifting procedures so that everyone may still have a place in the whole system and feel useful.

And then they lived sustainably ever after?—Assessment of rural electrification cases by means of indicators

Increasing the current low level of access to electricity in developing countries is important for economic development and poverty eradication. Encouraging the involvement of new actors for implementation of rural electrification projects is a relatively new policy. At the same time, it is required that the projects contribute to sustainable development. It is therefore of interest to investigate whether, for instance, private sector involvement can contribute more to some aspects of sustainability than the conventional approach where rural electrification is the responsibility of a government utility. It seems that so far no studies have addressed this issue. This paper presents findings from field trips to seven rural electrification areas in Eastern and Southern Africa and shows how these studies can be used to illustrate different dimensions of sustainability by means of indicators. The field studies generated valuable experiences regarding collection of data for evaluation of the indicators and illustrate some difficulties associated with comparing the different aspects of sustainability. The evaluation indicates that the national utilities perform better from a social/ethical perspective, whereas the private organisations and the community-based organisations manage their client-relation issues in a more sustainable way.

Social partnership as an approach to CSR: ‘traditional’ and ‘new’ actors, their roles and relations

This article reports on research into social partnerships aiming at labour market inclusion that developed during the 1990s in Denmark, the UK and Spain. Some of these partnerships are directly related to corporate social responsibility (CSR initiatives in individual firms), whereas others are only indirectly related (for instance, active labour market policy initiatives at local, regional and national level). Developments such as new target groups for such policies, the weakening of the social partners, ideological change, policy transfer and budget constraints of the state have led to more partnerships taking a multipartite form, meaning that not only the public authorities and the social partners, but also new actors such as business networks, commercial operators and NGOs, participate. The involvement of new actors poses a challenge for the traditional actors – among them the trade unions. Whether the relations between traditional and new actors are best described by conflict or by cooperation cannot be explained by regime theories. The decisive factor seems to be the extent to which the new actors challenge the privileged positions of the traditional actors.

Summary and Conclusions from the SIWI Young Professionals Workshop Hydrosolidarity intergenerational challenges: long-term commitment for long-term issues

The year 2000 Young Professionals Seminar focused on long-term intergenerational challenges. Water related problems are symptoms of complex and ultimately societal problems linked to human behaviour, political support and managerial and institutional structures. Although integrated water resources management is presented as a solution, it is not always well understood, and can create a sense of hopelessness among professionals. To make it operational requires long-term commitments among various professionals and the involvement of new actors. A number of key topics crystallised as needing further attention, including ethical dimensions in policy making, the development of a framework for a 'Future Generation Impact Assessment' (FGIA), and efforts to achieve true dialogue among stakeholders. Young water professionals must become more involved in political processes and take active part in institutional changes. Such engagement will require changes in the working environment facing many young professionals that causes frustration due to inefficient and conservative hierarchical structures and the lack of transparency

From ex-patient alternatives to consumer options: consequences of consumerism for psychiatric consumers and the ex-patient movement.

The psychiatric consumer movement in the United States evolved out of the political activism of a small group of antipsychiatry "ex-patients" (former patients) early in the 1970s. The shift in the movement from radical opposition to the medical model to viewing the latter as a possible choice in treatment occurred gradually under a series of social and political changes (e.g., deinstitutionalization), responses to those changes (e.g., the Community Support Program of the National Institute of Mental Health), and the involvement of new actors on the scene (e.g., the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill, a family consumer movement). This article traces the evolution of the psychiatric consumer movement up to the early 1990s in the light of these larger social, political, and economic developments. The author then considers the consequences of that evolution for both consumers and the ex-patient movement in the context of the unique nature of consumerism in the United States and the more recent restructuring of mental health services under managed care.

An Analytical Assessment of the United States-Canadian Defense Issue Area

This article examines the United States-Canadian defense issue area from a transnational and transgovernmental perspective, and attempts to develop conceptually the transgovernmental dimension through empirical application. The first part delineates those factors that encourage transnational and transgovernmental activity in the defense issue area. The second part considers pure intergovernmental transactions, referring to United States-Canadian dealings in which there is no transnational or transgovernmental activity. Because we know so little about how these dealings occur, this section examines pure intergovernmental transactions as a three-stage issue flow: preprocess, process, and postprocess. The third section identifies and examines the dynamics of mixed transactions, referring to intergovernmental flows having transnational or transgovernmental activity that does not essentially alter the outcomes of the flows. The fourth part identifies transformative transactions, referring to intergovernmental flows that become transnational or transgovernmental flows (or the reverse) through the involvement of new actors that significantly alter the outcomes of the flows. In summation, the fifth section considers those factors militating against transnational and transgovernmental activity in the defense area.