Involvement In Leisure Activities Research Articles

아버지의 양육참여도 및 양육행동이 아동의 행복감에 미치는 영향

The study examined the effects of fathers' parenting involvement and parenting behaviors on child happiness. A total of 270 elementary school students in 4th, 5th, and 6th grades (139 boys and 131 girls) participated in the study and completed the questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analyses of variances, correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. Fathers' parenting involvement and parenting behaviors did not differ by gender and grades, but child happiness partially differed in response to those factors. Additionally, child happiness was significantly positively correlated with fathers' parenting involvement and parenting behaviors. Moreover, fathers involvement in leisure activities, daily-life guidance, and study guidance, as well as their being warm receptive and rejective restrictive parenting behaviors were found to be significant variables influencing child happiness. Overall, the results of this study suggest fathers' play important roles in child happiness and that development of an education program for fathers is warranted.

ATTITUDE TOWARD LEISURE AMONG THE COMMUNITY-DWELLING ELDERLY: AN INTERFACE FOR HEALTH PROMOTION

ABSTRACT A cross-sectional study with quantitative approach carried out with 387 community-dwelling elderly to identify their attitudes toward leisure activities in the cognitive, affective and behavioral dimensions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Fisher's association test and Spearman's correlation. Most participants were female, aged up to 80 years, married and had up to four years of schooling. The elderly had a predominantly positive attitude toward leisure in the three subscales, with a lower mean for the behavioral subscales, which indicated that some elders had a negative attitude. This was significantly associated with age, educational attainment, smoking status and functional capacity. In conclusion, a positive attitude and greater involvement in leisure activities allows health professionals to raise a critical reflection in the elderly, especially in their behavioral attitude to rethink the planning, opportunities and resources for leisure.

The Role of Leisure Engagement for Health Benefits Among Korean Older Women

This qualitative study was designed to examine the benefits of leisure to older Korean women. Using a constructive grounded theory methodology, in this study we identified three categories of benefits from leisure activities: (a) developing social connections, (b) enhancing psychological well-being, and (c) improving physical health. The findings of this study demonstrate that involvement in leisure activities offers substantial physical, psychological, and social benefits for older Korean women. The results also suggest that these benefits can provide an opportunity for older Korean adults to improve their health and well-being, which, in turn, may help promote successful aging.

Positive emotions and passionate leisure involvement

Music is commonly linked to moments of remembrance, joy, celebration and bonding. This paper explores how middle-aged participants in a music scene use the various aspects of their involvement to create and store positive emotions cultivated through music appreciation, friendship building and maintenance, and shared moments of ecstasy and catharsis. Due to the prevalence of significant life events and transitions in this age cohort (relationship, career and health changes), isolating how people use their involvement in leisure activities can be integral to learning how people build and maintain a high quality of life, as well as how they draw on those positive associations to cope with potential hardships that may arise.

Individual and Structural Opportunities

Opportunity theories are suited to cross-national research on victimization that incorporates a multilevel approach. Comparative research on non-lethal victimization often combines several types of violence into a single category of expressive crime. While expressive crimes do indeed share some characteristics, opportunities leading to specific types of victimization may vary. The current research uses the International Crime Victimization Survey (ICVS) to examine two types of expressive victimization: sexual and physical assault. These data are limited to female victims, as sexual assault in the ICVS is assessed only for females. These data provide a rich source of comparative information on opportunities leading to victimization. Opportunities have been traditionally examined at the individual level through routine activities and lifestyles theories. Opportunity at the structural level of analysis is less commonly employed; however, routine activities theory offers a framework for measuring structural opportunity. The results indicate a multilevel approach of opportunities on victimization is appropriate. Differences in opportunity leading to sexual and physical assault are most evident in the opportunities provided by the development level of the country. The impact of country development on physical assault victimization is moderated by the involvement in leisure activities outside of the home.

The Paradox of Leisure in Later Life.

Numerous studies have shown that involvement in leisure activity has a significant impact on older adults' physical, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being. This study explores whether the association between leisure involvement and well-being in later life changes over time. Data were drawn from the first 4 waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Growth curve models were applied to examine whether leisure moderated change in quality of life (QoL) over time among 7,875 retirees aged 60 and older. Findings indicated that the association between leisure and QoL increased with time, as nonactive respondents displayed a decline in QoL over time, whereas those with high levels of leisure involvement showed an increase. Findings remained significant after controlling for sociodemographics, health, and cognitive functioning. Results indicated that the significance of leisure to well-being increases throughout the later life course, and that leisure may act as a resource for resilience in old age. They also pointed out a paradoxical situation in which the older seniors, who may benefit from leisure involvement more than their younger peers, are precisely the ones who face the greater number of constraints to beneficial use of leisure.

Adult daughters providing post-stroke care to a parent: a qualitative study of the impact that role overload has on lifestyle, participation and family relationships

Objective: To qualitatively explore daughters’ experiences with and response to holding multiple roles while providing post-stroke care to a parent. Design: Qualitative study using a descriptive approach. Semi-structured interviewing was used. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed to develop themes. Setting: General community of a metropolitan city. Participants: Twenty-three adult daughters caring for a community-dwelling parent who had suffered a stroke. Interventions: Not applicable. Main outcome measures: Not applicable. Results: Role overload is a salient issue for daughter caregivers. This overload is best captured by the analogy of “juggling” multiple role demands and responsibilities. Two key themes suggest that role overload resulting from parent care affects daughters’: 1) valued relationships (e.g. challenges develop in their relationship with children and partner); and 2) ability to participate in valued activities (e.g. reduced involvement in leisure activities and restricted employment). Conclusions: Future support efforts should help daughters manage the caregiving role in light of other responsibilities. This can mitigate overload-related strain in valued relationships and decreased participation in valued activities, thereby contributing to better health and well-being for daughter caregivers.

Functional disability and ability 75-year-olds: a comparison of two Swedish cohorts born 30 years apart

to compare the level of functional disability and involvement in leisure activities between two birth cohorts of Swedish 75-year-olds examined in 1976-77 and 2005-06. cohort comparison. representative data from the general population in Gothenburg, Sweden, examined at the age of 75 in 1976-77 (n = 744), and in 2005-06 (n = 731) with comprehensive somatic and psychiatric examinations. activities of daily living (ADL); instrumental activities of daily living (IADL); a battery of self-report measures, including involvement in leisure activities, satisfaction with home-environment, social networks and self-rated health. functional disability in ADL decreased between the cohorts (13.9 versus 5.6%, P < 0.001). Functional disability in IADL also decreased between the cohorts (33.4 versus 13.0%, P < 0.001). Combining ADL and IADL resulted in an overall decreased dependency, with the largest decrease seen in women (42.3 versus 15.1%, P < 0.001). Involvement in leisure activities increased between the cohorts. For example, the proportion going on international and domestic holiday travels increased (6.3 versus 16.2%, P < 0.001), and the proportion who independently drove their own car also increased (10.0 versus 53.0%, P < 0.001). later born cohorts of 75-year-olds are less dependent in ADL and more engaged in leisure activities compared with earlier cohorts. Later born cohorts of 75-year-olds are thus better equipped to maintain a non-age-related identity compared with earlier cohorts. Our findings might serve as a reason to adopt a more positive view to ageing in a world with an increasing number of older people.

A100: Predictors of Involvement in Leisure Activities Among Children and Youth With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Background/Purpose:Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis may be less involved in leisure activities compared to their healthy peers in part due to disease related factors such as pain, joint stiffness and tenderness. The main purpose of our study was to describe involvement in leisure activities, as well as to identify potential socio‐demographic, disease‐related, personal and environmental determinants.Methods:Ninety three children and youth aged 8 to 18 years diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and their families participated in this cross‐sectional study. Children and youth were administered the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE), which measures involvement in leisure activities (recreation, physical, social, skill‐based, self‐improvement). The disease characteristics were abstracted from the child's medical file (JIA sub‐type, active joint count, age of diagnosis), pain perception, functional status, motivation, self‐perception and perceived social support were obtained through self‐report. Parents completed questionnaires on socio‐demographic data, as well as on family function and environmental barriers. Multiple linear regression was used for data analysis.Results:The leisure activities completed by most participants (&gt;90%) were playing computer/video games, watching television, hanging out with friends and doing homework. Least popular activities were (h10%) martial arts, gymnastics and horseback riding. The level of enjoyment was highest for social activities (mean: 4.2+0.5). Involvement in active physical activities was negatively associated with the presence of active disease (β = −0.385, p = 0.028). However a higher level of perceived athletic competence was associated with greater intensity in active physical activities (β = 0.261, p = 0.037). Higher environmental barrier scores were negatively associated with involvement in social (β = −0.222, p = 0.023) leisure activities.Conclusion:Disease activity may dissuade children and youth from participating in more active pursuits, which places them at greater risk for adopting sedentary lifestyles. There is evidence that contextual factors (personal and environmental) influence leisure participation. The identification of determinants of leisure activities in children and youth with arthritis may allow healthcare professionals to assess children's health needs with more precision and promote a healthier lifestyle.

Health benefits of serious involvement in leisure activities among older Korean adults

The existing literature suggests that serious engagement in leisure activities leads to happiness, life satisfaction, and successful aging among older adults. This qualitative study was used to examine the benefits of serious involvement in leisure activities among older Korean adults who were members of a sports club. Using an analytic data analysis, we identified three main themes associated with the benefits of serious engagement in leisure activities: 1) the experience of psychological benefits, 2) the creation of social support, and 3) the enhancement of physical health. These themes indicate that, through serious involvement in certain physical activities, participants gain various health benefits, which may contribute to successful aging.

Social relationships, leisure activity, and health in older adults.

Although the link between enhanced social relationships and better health has generally been well established, few studies have examined the role of leisure activity in this link. This study examined how leisure influences the link between social relationships and health in older age. Using data from the 2006 and 2010 waves of the nationally representative U.S. Health and Retirement Study and structural equation modeling analyses, we examined data on 2,965 older participants to determine if leisure activities mediated the link between social relationships and health in 2010, controlling for race, education level, and health in 2006. The results demonstrated that leisure activities mediate the link between social relationships and health in these age groups. Perceptions of positive social relationships were associated with greater involvement in leisure activities, and greater involvement in leisure activities was associated with better health in older age. The contribution of leisure to health in these age groups is receiving increasing attention, and the results of this study add to the literature on this topic, by identifying the mediating effect of leisure activity on the link between social relationships and health. Future studies aimed at increasing leisure activity may contribute to improved health outcomes in older adults.

The Impact of Perceived Reinforcement From Alcohol and Involvement in Leisure Activities on Adolescent Alcohol Use

The purpose of the present study was to examine adolescent alcohol use within the context of youth involvement and reinforcement from alternative leisure activities and also to determine whether perceived reinforcement from alcohol (outcome expectancy liking [OEL]) impacts this relationship. Participants were 956 students in grades 7 through 9 who participated in the Project on Adolescent Trajectories and Health (PATH), a 3-year longitudinal study of adolescent risk behaviors and health outcomes. A path model included Time 1 and Time 3 youth self-reported alcohol use, Time 2 youth ratings of reinforcement potential from alternative activities and OEL scores, and Time 3 perceived access to alcohol. The final model provided a good fit for the data and revealed several significant paths. In particular, alcohol use was positively associated with reinforcement potential from party attendance and involvement in social activities, and negatively associated with reinforcement potential from religious involvement and involvement in home/family activities. In addition, OEL was a partial mediator for party attendance and religious activities. These findings highlight the need for prevention programs that focus on reducing adolescent alcohol use through increasing access to substitutable leisure activities that can compete with behaviors maintained by alcohol's positive reinforcement value for youth.

The role of fiction in (mis)representing later life leisure activities

The study of ageing is becoming increasingly prominent in academic research, the media and policy debates with the rapid growth of the world’s ageing population. In particular is the perception that older people should engage in active leisure pursuits to address the actual and perceived effects of the ageing process. However, there remains limited understanding of the experiences of ageing, longevity and lifestyle choices. This paper addresses this by drawing on fictional accounts of ageing, which are viewed as an important gerontological resource for understanding how ideas about ageing are shaped by culture, and how alternative images of ageing may be constructed and made possible through literary fiction. This paper is framed by a critical interactionist perspective. Fiction, whether written, sung or acted, is itself a form of symbolic interaction, since the audience members use their imagination to interpret the script according to their own sense of self and ideas about social life; in this way, fictional representations of ageing may develop understanding of the personal and social aspects of growing older. I will explore the ways in which fictional representations of older people might perpetuate and/or challenge stereotypes of ageing and influence involvement in leisure activities in later life.

Factors Associated with Depressive Mood in the Elderly Residing at the Long-Term Care Facilities

Demands for long-term care facilities for the elderly increased rapidly due to longevity of the current population and a trend toward nuclear families with fewer offspring 1 . A study showed that the prevalence of depression is 8–15% and 30% among the community-dwelling and the institutionalized elderly 2 , respectively, in the USA compared with 29.5% and 39.2% in Taiwan 3 . The major goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depression in the elderly residing at long-term care facilities in Taiwan, to explore the relationship between demographic characteristics, health status, social support, and the participation in leisure activities with the development of depression in the elderly, and finally to propose possible interventional items for clinical use and further interventional study design. A cross-sectional survey of the elderly was conducted through interview using questionnaire. A total of 309 subjects, aged 65 and above, in six long-term care facilities were enrolled in this study. The questionnaire collected information on their characteristics, health condition, the level of social support and daily activity, and depression status. Thee prevalence of depression among the elderly residing at long-term care facilities was 37% in Taiwan, and self-funded elderly had a higher depression rate than those in government-sponsored facilities. Participants with advanced ages, religious practices, literacy, longer facility stay, better instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), more leisure activities, and strong social support had lower association with depression. Factors strongly associated with depression included better self-assessed health status, ability to perform IADLs, level of social support (especially social companionship), and leisure-activity involvement. We summarized the perceptions for preventing the elderly residing at facilities from developing depression, including increased interactions provided by caregivers, more family visits and social companionship, and more frequent leisure activities. Further interventional studies with a larger group of participants and longitudinal design should be conducted to confirm our recommendations.

Personal Investment Perspective On Physical Activity Participation: Comparing Female Adults With And Without Health Conditions

This study applied Maehr and Braskamp's (1986) personal investment theory with physical activity participation to better understand adults' involvement in leisure activities. PURPOSE: To examine different reasons of participation in leisure physical activities between female adults with and without health conditions. METHODS: The Motivation to Physical Activity Measure-Revised (MPAM-R) (Frederick & Ryan, 1997) questionnaire consists of 28 items from five scales: appearance (6 items), competence/challenge (7 items), enjoyment (5 items), fitness/health (5 items), and social (5 items) to assess the reasons why individuals exercise. Two hundred females aged 30-50 were surveyed (117 samples with health conditions [allergy, asthma, diabetes, heart problems, hypertension, and hypotension]) and 83 samples without health conditions. RESULTS: The Health Condition Group (HCG) ranked fitness/health (M=3.25), competence/challenge (M=3.23), social (M=3.22) as first, second and third reasons for participation in leisure physical activities as compared to fitness/health (M=3.4), social (M=3.32) and enjoyment (M=3.28) for the Non Health Condition Group (NHCG). Twenty three per cent of HCG participated in leisure activities with family members/spouse and 18% with friends as compared to 10.5% and 16% that of NHCG. The t-test results showed significant differences in two sub-scales; enjoyment (t=2.144, p=.033) and fitness (t=2.563, p=.011) between HCG and NHCG. In the enjoyment sub-scale, NHCG (M=16.42, SD=2.05) demonstrated higher motivation than HCG (M=15.77±2.21) likewise in fitness sub-scale NHCG (M=17.01±1.78) are more motivated than HCG (M=16.27±2.15). CONCLUSIONS: NHCG perceived enjoyment and fitness as their motivation to participate in leisure physical activities. Family members, partners, spouses, and friends act as 'supporting agents' of leisure activities.

Physically Active Leisure and Tourism Connection: Leisure Involvement and Choice of Tourism Activities Among Paddlers

Leisure and tourism activities may be integrally related for some. This study examined the relationship between the preferred leisure and tourism activities and psychological involvement in paddling of a group of paddlers. Participants were surveyed at the completion of a paddle tour. Data were analyzed using frequencies, confirmatory factor analysis, cross-tabulations, and ANOVA. Four types of leisure-tourism connection (LTC) were identified. People more highly involved with paddling tended to paddle while on vacation compared with other LTC types. The findings provide empirical evidence for previous assertions proposing a connection between involvement in leisure activities and subsequent tourism behaviors.

Sport Fan Identification in Obituaries

To assess whether sport involvement, particularly as a fan, is central enough to one's self-concept to be mentioned in obituary content, it was hypothesized that a greater proportion of men's obituaries than women's would mention the deceased individual's sport fan identification. Obituaries were randomly selected from 19 newspapers and coded for specific affiliations (e.g., military) and involvement in leisure activities (e.g., sport participation). Consistent with the hypothesis, a chi-squared analysis indicated the men's obituaries (15.2%) were significantly more likely than the women's (5.2%) to mention sport fan identification. A higher proportion of the men's obituaries (24.4%) mentioned sport participation than the women's obituaries (7.4%).

Leisure activities and the risk of dementia in the elderly

There is accumulating evidence that involvement in leisure activities may be related to risk of dementia; however, there is no consensus concerning the underlying mechanism of this association. Hypothesizing that leisure activities may contribute to cognitive reserve (CR), we examined the association between leisure activities and risk of incident dementia and its subtypes within a general population sample, categorizing leisure activity as stimulating, passive, physical, and social. The possibility that these associations may be driven by other proxies of CR was also examined. Analyses were carried out on 5,698 dementia-free participants aged 65 and over included in the Three-City cohort study in Dijon and Montpellier (France) in 1999-2001. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated for incident dementia and its subtypes (mixed/vascular dementia and Alzheimer disease) in relation to category of leisure activity. Stimulating leisure activities were found to be significantly associated with a reduced risk of dementia (n = 161, HR = 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31; 0.79) and Alzheimer disease (n = 105, HR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.21; 0.71) over the 4-year follow-up 1) independently of other proxies of CR, 2) after adjusting for vascular risk factors, depressive symptoms, and physical functioning, and 3) independently of other leisure activities. Furthermore, no significant association was found with other leisure activities and dementia after controlling for the potential confounders. Our findings support the hypothesis that cognitively stimulating leisure activities may delay the onset of dementia in community-dwelling elders.

Factors Affecting Leisure Participation After a Traumatic Brain Injury

To explore leisure participation by people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and reasons underlying changes after the trauma. Twenty-six individuals with mild to severe TBI. Leisure Profile, a semi-structured questionnaire measuring involvement in leisure activities before and after TBI (frequency of activities, degree of interest, and desire to modify one's leisure activities), attitudes toward leisure, and difficulties that might influence leisure activities (impairments and environmental obstacles). Leisure participation was greatly disrupted after TBI, with 92% of the participants reporting a reduction posttrauma. Less severe injuries, more time since the injury, and the presence of social obstacles in the environment were positively correlated with leisure participation. Motor impairments had a negative impact on leisure participation. TBI has a significant negative effect on leisure participation. Leisure activities should be evaluated and included in a therapy program designed to promote reintegration into society and work.

Predicting recreational difficulties and decreased leisure activities in women 6–12 months post breast cancer surgery

A Canadian research team is conducting a multi-centered, non-interventional national study with the objective of charting the course of arm morbidity after breast cancer surgery. This paper examined the relationship between arm morbidity and leisure and recreational activities of affected women. Five hundred and forty seven women with stage I-III breast cancer were recruited in four centers across Canada: Surrey (BC); Winnipeg (MB), Montreal (QB) and Fredericton (NB). Participants were enrolled in the study 6-12 months post surgery. Physical examination was used to assess arm and shoulder functioning and questionnaires were used to assess disability, pain, and participation in recreational and leisure activities. At the first clinical assessment (T1), the mean number of months post breast cancer surgery was 8.4. At T1 49% of women reported difficulty with recreational activities that involved "some force or impact" and 29% experienced negative changes to their involvement in leisure activities. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis found that several arm morbidity variables were significant predictors of difficulty with participation in recreational activities. A second hierarchical regression found also that arm morbidity factors were significant predictors of negative changes in leisure activities. Follow-up analyses found that arm morbidity, was most closely related to difficulty with recreational activities requiring free movement of the arm and using force. Many women treated for breast cancer experience arm morbidity. Arm morbidity is related to difficulties with recreational activities and negative changes in leisure activity participation. Breast cancer survivors should engage in recreational and leisure activities that are compatible with reduced range of motion and pain, and avoid those that exacerbate their arm morbidity.