Investment Material Research Articles

Influence of prosthetic index structures and implant materials on stress distribution in implant restorations: a three-dimensional finite element analysis

BackgroundMechanical complications affect the stability of implant restorations and are a key concern for clinicians, especially with the frequent introduction of new implant designs featuring various structures and materials. This study evaluated the effect of different prosthetic index structure types and implant materials on the stress distribution of implant restorations using both in silico and in vitro methods.MethodsFour finite element analysis (FEA) models of implant restorations were created, incorporating two prosthetic index structures (cross-fit (CF) and torc-fit (TF)) and two implant materials (titanium and titanium-zirconium). A static load was applied to each group. An in vitro study using digital image correlation (DIC) with a research scenario identical to that of the FEA was conducted for validation. The primary strain, sensitivity index, and equivalent von Mises stress were used to evaluate the outcomes.ResultsChanging the implant material from titanium to titanium-zirconium did not significantly affect the stress distribution or maximum stress value of other components, except for the implant itself. In the CF group, implants with a lower elastic modulus increased the stress on the screw. The TF group showed better stress distribution on the abutment and a lower stress value on the screw. The TF group demonstrated similar sensitivity for all components. DIC analysis revealed significant differences between TF-TiZr and CF-Ti in terms of the maximum (P < 0.001) and minimum principal strains (P < 0.05) on the implants and the minimum principal strains on the investment materials in both groups (P < 0.001).ConclusionsChanges in the implant material significantly affected the maximum stress of the implant. The TF group exhibited better structural integrity and reliability.

An In-Vitro Study Effect of Adding Silica Gel on Surface Hardness of Phosphate-Bonded Investment Material

Background: Only a few research have been undertaken to assess the influence of nanoparticles on the surface hardness of thermal investment materials. As a result, the current investigation was carried out to determine the influence of silica gel agents on the surface hardness of dental phosphate investment material at various percentages. Materials and methods: in this investigation, commercially available phosphate-bonded refractory investment material (Zetavest fine) and Silica gel powder (Himedia-India) were used. The specimens were manufactured and split into four groups (n=16): specimens without silica gel substance; specimens with 1% silica gel material; specimens with 2% silica gel material; and specimens with 3% silica gel material. A hardness test was performed with the use of an indenter durometer (Shore D). Surface hardness characteristics were analysed using A way ANOVA (post-hoc Tukey) test with a p-value of ≤0.05 indicating significance. Results: The surface hardness of investment specimens with 1%, 2%, and 3% silica gel powder before heating were comparable and have shown substantial differences from the specimens with non-additive. Conclusion: Silica gel of 1, 2, and 3% can improve the phosphate-bonded surface hardness.

Legal Certainty Regarding Electronification of Land Certificates (Sertipikat-El) As Proof of Ownership of Land Rights in Indonesia

Apart from being a natural resource, land is also an asset or investment material. This urgent land need really requires authentic evidence, namely land certificates, as strong evidence to prevent disputes. As time goes by, manual land certificates will be changed to electronic land certificates. The formulation of the problem in this paper is the legal certainty of electronic land certificates as proof of ownership of land rights in Indonesia. The type of research used is juridical-normative, using a statutory approach ( statute approach ). The results of this research are that an electronic land certificate will be issued if the applicant requests to replace the manual land certificate with an electronic land certificate, and its implementation must continue to be socialized so that more parties know about it and the security of the data in the certificate can be maintained.

Perencanaan Keuangan Untuk Mendorong Investasi Siswa SMAN 4 Depok

Financial planning to encourage investment in SMAN 4 Depok students is carried out so that SMAN 4 Depok students understand the concept of financial planning and investment so that students start getting to know about investment from an early age. Qualitative methods were used in this study with data obtained from pre-test and post-test questionnaires to students of SMAN 4 Depok. The result obtained by researchers after conducting socialization is an increase in students' understanding of personal financial planning and investment so that they can make wise financial decisions early. The focus of material suggestions expected by SMAN 4 Depok students is advanced material related to investment, such as more specific submissions related to investment instruments. Based on the community service activities presented and the suggestions provided by the students, there is a keen interest in delving deeper into advanced investment topics. This proves that delivering financial planning and investment material with the right approach can enhance students' financial awareness and interest.

A Lab-Based Study to Assess the Surface Roughness of Various Investments: An Original Research.

Surface roughness of the crowns is dependent on the pattern material used for the making as well as the procedure of investing. The study was aimed to examine the impact of various pattern materials and investment procedures on the surface roughness of nickel-chromium alloy raw castings. An in-vitro study was piloted at a tertiary care hospital. Eighty samples of inlay wax and pattern resin were divided equally. They were invested in phosphate-bonded investment material and kept under normal atmospheric pressure as well as invested under a pressure of 3 bars. The surface roughness was calculated with a Profilometer. The values obtained were compared using statistical tools keeping P < 0.05 as significant. Lowest surface roughness was seen for the wax pattern invested under positive pressure. While the highest was seen for the resin patterns invested at room pressure. A significant variance between the wax 1 and wax 2 (P < 0.01); as well as between the wax 2 vs. Resin 2 specimens (P < 0.01) was noted. Wax patterns can be suggested as the material and method of choice because they showed the least amount of surface roughness when placed under pressure. Resin patterns when invested under pressure can also be suggested as an alternate as they also exhibited similar surface roughness as that of the wax.

NAVIGATING THE ESG LANDSCAPE AND ITS IMPACT IN THE BUSINESS AND INVESTMENT SECTOR

The purpose of this paper is to identify the impact and importance of ESG in the business and investment world in the past few years and how can we implement ESG criteria into our businesses to continue to have profitable and investable businesses. The research is focused on the role of ESG decisions within organizations and how they can impact the value of a company. The research hypothesis is that there are various decisions of becoming ESG complaint you can take, but not all of them are profitable decisions. So, instead of taking decisions based on the implementing costs and short-term expenses, an organization should take into consideration long-term profits and a possible increase in the company’s valuation. Achieving success involves identifying these factors well in advance before they can adversely impact the well-being of the company. This allows for proactive measures to mitigate any potential detrimental consequences that may arise. This can be accomplished through ongoing monitoring of these variables, creating a dynamic process, and making informed decisions based on a solid understanding of the operational processes and needs of each company. Because of its massive politicization, ESG has become perceived more as a cost center instead of a value center. Business leaders consider that they are being forced to report something without value for their businesses when they should be asked how to turn this in their favor to make business more valuable. This paper also presents the importance of sustainable developments and how they can impact investment decisions. Analyzing the behavior of the biggest investment firms, we can identify those metrics that show if a company’s decisions about ESG implementation make it investment material.

Recycling CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramic: effect of surface treatment and aging on the bond strength to resin cement.

To investigate the effect of recycling of lithium disilicate (LD), surface treatment and thermocycling (TC) on the bond strength (SBS) to resin cement. Blocks of LD were made according to the recycling cycle, with 24 blocks for each strategy: Control-conventional sintering; 1R (1 recycling cycle) and 3R (3 recycling cycles). For the recycling groups, blocks were waxed (10x10x3mm), mounted in a silicone ring, poured with investment material, and then residues of sintered LD blocks were pressed by the lost wax technique. The residual LD was reused as described until reach 3R. Afterwards, the blocks were embedded in acrylic resin, sanded and divided (n=15) according to the factors "surface treatment" (HF20s+Silane and HF120s+Silane and Monobond Etch&Prime- MEP) and TC (with/10.000 cycles and without). After surface treatment, cylinders (Ø:2mm) of resin cement were made and submitted to SBS test (100KgF,1mm/min). Data (MPa) were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA, Tukey's test (5%) and Weibull analysis. Failure analysis was performed with stereomicroscope. ANOVA revealed that all factors were significant (P=.000*). The group 3RMEP(105.09±19.49) presented the highest SBS among the experimental groups. 1RHF20sTc(7.50±1.97) group had the lowest SBS, similar to the CHF20sTc(15.69±3.77), 1RHF20s(15.12±3.03), 1RHF120sTc(14.60±3.43) and 3RHF20sTc(15.65±0.97). The Weibull modulus and characteristic strength varied among the experimental groups (P=0.0). Failure analysis revealed adhesive and mixed types. The recycling of DL ceramics increases the SBS to resin cement when the ceramic is treated with HF120s+S or MEP.

High Temperature Phosphate Investment Material for Precise Casting

High Temperature Phosphate Investment Material for Precise Casting

Development of AKM (Minimum Competency Assessment) Instrument for Students' Financial Literacy on Money and Investment Material in Class XI IPS SMAN 1 Long Apari

&lt;p&gt;The objectives to be achieved in this study are to design the AKM (Minimum Competency Assessment) instrument model of financial literacy of students of SMAN 1 Long Apari class XI IPS on Money and Investment Material. To test the quality of AKM (Minimum Competency Assessment) instrument of financial literacy of students of SMAN 1 Long Apari class XI IPS on Money and Investment Material. This research includes development research or R&amp;amp;D (Research and Developmet), with 4D development procedures (Define, Design, Developt and Deseminate). The research subjects were 3 classes at level XI IPS with a total of 70 students, which were divided into two trial groups, namely in the large group of 60 students obtained from 6 times the number of test items developed. While in determining the amount of test subjects in the small group in this study were 20 students. The data analysis used passed the content validity test stage, instrument validity, reliability, difficulty level and question differentiation. The results of data analysis show that this instrument has passed the test of content validity, instrument validity, reliability, difficulty level, and question differentiation. Thus, this financial literacy AKM instrument can be used as an effective tool to measure students' competency level in money and investment materials.&lt;/p&gt;

Experimental investigations into pressureless microwave sintering of iron–hydroxyapatite composite for biodegradable implants

This work focusses on fabrication of biodegradable iron-hydroxyapatite (Fe-HAp) composite using rapid tooling and pressureless microwave sintering. Carbonyl iron particles and hydroxyapatite powders were mixed in a planetary ball mill in varying proportions. Molds of phosphate-based investment material were filled (under ultrasonic action) with prepared powder mixer and then sintered in a microwave furnace. Fe-HAp composite samples were successfully fabricated using the developed methodology. Based on response surface methodology, planning of experimentation was done to evaluate the effect of process parameters namely sintering temperature, soaking time, HAp percentage and heating rate on shrinkage, sintered density, and compressive yield strength. It was revealed that out of all the factors, HAp percentage was the most influencing parameter. Scanning electron microscopy of prepared samples confirmed the proper bonding of particles without any application of pressure. It was also confirmed from X-ray diffraction analysis that no oxidation and contamination of samples from mold material took place. To find the optimum processing parameters, a multi-objective optimization based on genetic algorithm (GA) was done and results were verified using confirmatory experiments.

The Effect of Polishing Techniques on Surface Roughness of Two Different Denture Base Materials

Background: Regarding acrylic resin, a direct link was found between surface roughness, plaque buildup, and microbial adhesion. However, the current polyamide material's surface characteristics are still debatable, especially after utilizing conventional polishing and finishing techniques. Heat curing acrylic resin makes it easy to evaluate the surface characteristics of each material and to follow advice for the best practices.&#x0D; Objectives: The aim of the current study is to evaluate and compare the surface Roughness of heat cure acrylic resin and flexible acrylic resin materials before and after different surface treatments.&#x0D; Material and Method: A total of (80) sample were prepared. These samples were divided into two main groups (made from heat cure acrylic resin and flexible acrylic resin). Each group contains (40) samples and were divided into four additional groups according to the surface’s polishing treatment. Each group of material have (10) specimens, the first group was polished with pumice, the second groups were polished with pumice and then glazed, the third group was polished with investment (Phosphate bonded investments) and then glazed, and the fourth group was glazed. A digital surface roughness tester meter (TR: 220) device was used to indicate the values of the roughness of specimens before and after surface polishing treatment.&#x0D; Results: The result of surface roughness of heat cure acrylic resin using t-test analysis revealed that a significance difference among all the study groups (p&lt; 0.05). The result of surface roughness of flexible acrylic resin using t-test analysis revealed that a significance difference was reported between all the study groups (p&lt; 0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: It was concluded the surfaces roughness was decreased in the control group of (heat cure acrylic resin and flexible acrylic resin materials) when polished with pumice, while it was increased in the experimental groups after polished with glaze material. Compared to pumice and burning investment materials, the polishing material (light cure glaze) is noticeably rougher.

The Effects of Polishing Techniques on Surface Roughness of De-flex Denture Base

Background: Materials are being developed to meet the needs of patients, such as flexible injectable thermoplastic resins that improve the esthetics of patients wearing removable partial dentures. Aim: To compare the surface roughness of thermoplastic resin materials before and after polishing with different surface treatments. Materials and methods: A total of 40 circle specimens of De-flex thermoplastic resin with dimensions (30 mm X 2 mm) were divided into four groups according to the surface’s polishing treatment. Each group of material has (10) specimens, the first group was polished with pumice, the second group was polished with pumice and then glazed, the third group was polished with investment (Phosphate bonded investments) and then glaze, and the fourth group was glazed. A digital surface roughness tester meter (TR: 220) device was used to indicate the values of the roughness of specimens before and after surface polishing treatment. Results: The result of surface roughness using t-test analysis revealed that a significant difference was reported among all the study groups (P &lt; 0.05), the highest mean values were achieved in the group treated by Glaze only (2.6800 0.8439 µm), while the lowest mean values were obtained in the group treated pumice control group (2.4266± 0.5532µm). Conclusion: It was concluded that surface roughness was decreased in the control group of De-flex material when polished with pumice, while it was increased in the experimental groups after polished with Glaze material. The polishing material (Light Cure Glaze) is significantly rougher than pumice and burning investment materials.

Pendampingan Investasi Saham Syariah pada ASN di Lingkungan Satkordikcam Jepara

&lt;pre&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nowadays, &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;everyone's needs and wants are huge. Needs and wants become difficult to distinguish because of the changing times that are increasingly advanced. Lifestyle makes people have a lot of demands. To fulfill this, it is not enough to just rely on a monthly salary. Therefore, we must look for ways to be able to utilize the finances we have to meet our needs and desires. One way that can be taken is by investing.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;em&gt;Along with the mandate of service, it is deemed necessary to convey knowledge transfer to organizations that play an important role in the community. Among them are the Department of Education, Youth and Sports, Jepara sub-district, Jepara district. It is considered important because there is still limited knowledge and stigma in the community about investing in sharia shares in the capital market. Sharia stock investment material in the capital market will be very helpful for people who will invest in sharia in the capital market and can become an investor.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;em&gt;The result of service activities for ASN in the Jepara Satkordikcam environment is that ASN understands capital market theory, the basics of Islamic capital market, is able to practice open accounts through MNC Sekuritas, and is able to understand the management of family financial management&lt;/em&gt;

Accuracy of 3D Printed Burnout Resin Versus CAD/CAM Milled Wax Castings

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of 3D printed burnout resin, CAD/CAM milled wax and CAD/CAM PMMA and the effect on die spacing and cementation onto the tooth. Method: Design and manufactured three different type of digital materials, PMMA, milled wax and 3D printed burnout resin (n=4/product). PMMA and milled wax were milled by MC X5 CAD/CAM machine and 3D printed resin was produced by Asiga Max. Scanning the crowns sprayed by Shera scan spray using INEOS extraoral scanner to create STL files exported for comparison with master crown. We invest (90% to 10% Shera to distal water ratio) using Shera Fina 2000 investment material and cast with Sirona PFM dental cast alloy. Devasting and grinding out the excess alloy around the crown with a 3.3 bar pressure sandblasting. Repeating the scanning processes with casted crowns and compare the STL files in cloud-compare software. Using Auto Mesh to cut half the crown to make the result accurate. Comparing both before and after casting crown in STL files using cloud-compare software and get absolute mean and RMS value for each crown. The data points on each crown is already large enough, so we don’t use p value in our study. Results: CAD/CAM milled wax, PMMA and 3D printed burnout resin all found some of the abs mean and RMS value increase before and after casting compared to master crown. Milled wax has the least difference followed by 3D printing and PMMA. PMMA is the least accurate material in this experiment which would vary the amount of die spacer and cementation. Significance: High inaccuracies of PMMA material might affect the actual die spacing and cementation value, whereas milled wax performed the best. Milled wax and 3D printed resin are both within the clinical acceptable value.

Influence of Different Wax Hardening Agents on Surface Roughness of Refractory Cast Investment Materials

Background: Phosphate-bonded investments produce a refractory cast model with rough surface and undesirable properties. Dental Surface hardening agents are then applied to refractory investment materials to enhance its properties.&#x0D; Purpose: compare and evaluate the effects of different dental cast hardening agents (Bees wax, Carnauba wax, and Ceresin wax) on surface roughness of refractory model investment material. &#x0D; Approach: 30 specimens were constructed from commercially available phosphate bonded investment material. Specimens were subjected to a roughness test before dipping in handing agents, then divided into three groups according to the type of wax in which they were dipped. (10 specimens for each type). Surface roughness test was done by a profilometer where three readings were taken for all the specimens' surfaces randomly. The mean was then extracted for the roughness values before and after dipping in waxes. &#x0D; Results: the mean and standard deviation were tabulated and statistically analyzed using students T- test. The roughness values were decreased after the specimens were dipped in waxes (P value &lt; 0.001 HS highly significant).&#x0D; Conclusion: The dipping process with hardening agents has significantly improved the surface roughness of the specimens' investment materials.

Compliance With International Financial Reporting Standards and Value Relevance of Accounting Information in South Africa

The objective of the study is to investigate the relationship between the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS 1) and the value relevance (VR) of accounting information. In this study forty-six companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange during the period 1993 to 2017. Panel data is used to compare the period before and after IFRS. The companies in the sample are composed of the following sectors; mining, manufacturing, banks and investment companies, real estate, general industry, retailers, construction and material, chemical and software, and computers. Based on the yearly financial reports published by public companies in South Africa, the study employed the Cookes (1992) Unweighted Disclosure Index to measure the level of compliance in South Africa. Fifty-six disclosure elements from IFRS 1 were utilized to measure the compliance level. Thereafter Ohlson (1995) Model is used with dummy variables to compare the pre-and post-IFRS period. First, the study reflected that most of the South African companies exhibit higher compliance rates ranging from 87 to 93.417 which is impressive. On the other hand, 4 companies recorded Medium level compliance that is between 60% to 79% compliance level. The findings further revealed that there is a significant positive association between compliance with IFRS 1 and the value relevance of accounting information.

Uticaj načina pripreme na mehaničke karakteristike gipsa

Introduction: Plaster is widely used in dentistry for the production of master casts, as a binder in investment materials and as an auxiliary material in the laboratory stages of denture production. Due to its brittleness, there is a constant need to improve its mechanical properties. In this regard, in the research we started from the assumption that increasing the proportion of powder during the preparation of plaster improves its mechanical properties. The aim of this research wasto determine the significance of the change in the ratio of powder and liquid to the mechanical characteristics of plaster (compressive strength). Material and methods: Three types of plaster were used in the research: type 2, 3 and 4. For each type of plaster, three samples were made with different ratio of powder and amount of water (n = 9). After 24 hours, the samples were analyzed at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Niš, on a universal testing machine. Results: Plaster type 2 showed the lowest values of compressive strength, and higher values of types 3 and 4, regardless of the ratio of plaster powder and water. As the powder content increased, the compressive strength of the samples increased. Conclusion: In order to improve the compressive strength, the proportion of powder in the liquid phase can be increased during the preparation of the material without visible changes in its structure.

열가압성형 지르코니아 코어의 굴곡강도에 대한 매몰재의 영향

열가압성형 지르코니아 코어의 굴곡강도에 대한 매몰재의 영향

Marginal accuracy on titanium implant abutments with ring and ringless casting technique- An in vitro study

Purpose: The ring-less investment system is in use for dental casting, although there was no adequate scientific data to support its use either for conventional fixed dental prosthesis or implant retained fixed dental prosthesis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the ringless casting and accelerated wax-elimination techniques can be combined to offer a cost-effective, clinically acceptable, and time-saving alternative for fabricating single unit castings in fixed prosthodontics. Materials and Method: An in-vitro study was undertaken to compare the vertical marginal accuracy of single full coverage metal copings, between ring-less and metal ring investment techniques, using two different investment materials and two different types of casting techniques, conventional and accelerated for implant supported dental prosthesis. Four groups were made of forty samples each. All copings were identical, Microscopic measurements were recorded at 80X magnification on the perpendicular to the axial wall at four predetermined sites. The measurements thus obtained were tabulated and statistically analyzed. Result and Conclusion:Within the limitation of the study the following conclusions were drawn from the data obtained in this study, Mean Vertical gap was the maximum for Group IV (53.58), followed by Group II (44.27), Group I (44.27) and Group III (36.11), which was statistically significant. Conventional casting using ringless (Group III) coping had shown least vertical marginal discrepancy and statistically significantly better marginal fit than that fabricated by conventional and accelerated casting with metal ring investments. Accelerated casting using ringless (Group IV) coping had shown statistically maximum vertical marginal discrepancy among the four methods. The methods used for accelerated casting technique with using ringless process are technique sensitive. Minor variations in the procedures shown defects such as nodules, fins and porosity. Ring-l

Fabrication of titanium restoration by means of calcium aluminate-bonded magnesia investment material and one-chamber arc casting apparatus.

Cast titanium restoration for molars has high biocompatibility and is covered by the Japanese national health insurance. Titanium casting requires specific investment material and casting apparatus. A cast restoration for the mandibular left second molar was fabricated using titanium in this study. A wax pattern fabricated on a definitive cast was invested in calcium aluminate-bonded magnesia investment material. Titanium was cast using an argon gas pressure one-chamber casting apparatus. No defects were observed on the surface and the hole was clearly reproduced. A smooth surface on the restoration was obtained by polishing at low speed. Reproductivity and polishing properties of the titanium restoration fabricated in this study were comparable to those of conventional dental metal restorations.