Inverter Motor Research Articles

A Review of DC Shipboard Microgrids—Part I: Power Architectures, Energy Storage, and Power Converters

Integrated power systems are popular in the shipbuilding industry. DC shipboard microgrids (dc-SMGs) have many advantages compared with ac ones in terms of system efficiency, operation flexibility, component size, and fault protection performance. Being in the exploring stage, dc-SMGs have several potential configurations with different system architectures and voltage levels. In a dc-SMG, functional blocks integrated include power generation modules (PGMs), propulsion system, high power loads, and pulsed loads specifically in naval ships. In modern ships, the PGMs include not only generators and fuel cells but also energy storage systems (ESSs), which cooperate with generators to improve the overall efficiency and reliability. High power electric converters are vital interfaces between the functional blocks and the dc distribution system. Rectifiers for generators take the tasks of dc bus voltage regulation and power sharing. Inverters for propulsion motors are responsible for the motor drive in different operating conditions. Bidirectional dc/dc converters for ESSs are used to provide supply-demand balance and voltage fluctuation mitigation. This article makes a comprehensive review of power architecture, functional blocks including electrical machines and energy storage, as well as power converters in dc shipboard power systems.

A Review of DC-AC Converters for Electric Vehicle Applications

This paper comprehensively reviews the current status of multidisciplinary technologies in electric vehicles. Because the electric vehicle market will expand dramatically in the coming few years, research accomplishments in power electronics technology for electric vehicles will be highly attractive. Challenges in power electronics technology for driving electric vehicles, charging batteries, and circuit topologies are being explored. This paper aims primarily to address the practical issues of the future electric vehicles and help researchers obtain an overview of the latest techniques in electric vehicles, focusing on power electronics-based solutions for both current and future electric vehicle technologies. In this work, different medium-and high-voltage DC-AC inverter topologies are investigated and compared in terms of power losses and component requirements. Recent research on electric vehicle power converters is also discussed, with highlighting on soft-switching and multilevel inverters for electric vehicle motor drives. In this paper, a methodical overview and general classification of DC-AC power converters are presented. In specific topologies, drawbacks such as voltage stresses on active switches and control complications may occur, which can make them difficult for immediate commercialization. However, various modified circuit topologies have been recommended to overcome these drawbacks and enhance the system performance.

Step-Up and Step-Down Converter Integrated With Motor Inverter for Powertrain Applications

Motor inverter high-voltage regulation improves the system efficiency and reduces the dimensions of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). This article presents an isolated inverter with step-up and step-down dc-link voltage regulation for an electrical vehicle powertrain system, which will improve the system performance in wide ranges of load and battery levels. Step-up and step-down converter and the motor inverter are merged into a single converter. Bidirectional and galvanically isolated energy transmission between battery and motor with reduced semiconductors number, easy control, and high efficiency are demonstrated. In addition, inverter transistors’ RMS current results lower than in common solutions. Topology waveforms, devices losses, and zero-voltage switching (ZVS) condition are analyzed. Based on this study, a converter design procedure to meet main electrical vehicles requirements is proposed. Converter operation and design procedure are verified by simulation and experiment in two prototypes of 3.3 kW and 300 W.

SVM-based current ripple reduction with two parallel interleaved inverters for induction motor drive

SVM-based current ripple reduction with two parallel interleaved inverters for induction motor drive

Pattern recognition and diagnosis of short and open circuit faults inverter in induction motor drive using neural networks

Nowadays, feeding induction motors with voltage source inverters under faulty conditions is a major challenge. For this reason, electrical systems must be well thought out to provide good diagnostics for these elements. Consequently, the early detection of faults is very important to establish strategies that allow us to control the operation and take preventive measures to avoid frequent failures. Our aim in this paper is to train multilayer neural networks using features extracted from currents and voltages measurements to detect and classify open and short-circuit switch faults in source voltage inverters. Simulation results show that instead of using several types of features extracted from measurements of several signal cycles as in previous works, a two-component feature obtained from one cycle is sufficient to obtain an excellent accuracy. The normalized mean Clark currents and the power spectrum using the fast Fourier transform have been used as features for open switches and short-circuit faults respectively.

An extended boost diode-clamped impedance source inverter for electrical vehicle powertrain motor drive

Improving Electric Vehicle motor drive fast charging and discharging analysis use extended boost Diode-Clamped Z- source Impedance Inverter. A single–stage power conversion by using unique impedance (Z) network with inverter circuit to boost AC output voltage through shoot-through (ST) and non-ST. In this case, Z networks are directly responsible for balancing the inductive voltage boosting and output levels. The ST states limit the modulation index and cause huge ST current in the inverter phase legs.The conventional Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) methods for Z-source Neutral Point Clamped (NPC)-Multi Level Inverter (MLI) use the full ST (turned ON all the inverter switches in a leg), which occupies more switching commutations per switching cycle and leads to unequal inductor charging and discharging, resulting in more harmonics in the output voltage and current waveforms. It is noted from earlier developmental drifts that by using a single Z-network, performance dreadful conditions are usually expected. Creating the full ST misguides to extra switching commutations as well as unequal charging and discharging of inductor. The proposed Z-source MLI (Space Vector Modulation) SVM technique offers a Top and Bottom ST for charging the Z-network inductors with balance the inverter DC-link capacitor. The simple mathematical function used based on two-level SVM Z-source MLI SVM proposed and has more flexibility to choosing the switching patterns without complex function; thereby it offered real time implementation in simpler manner. The also paper contributes a comprehensive study on development procedure of proposed Z-source MLI SVM FPGA environment validation. The proposed SVM is implemented with three-level Z source neutral point MLI through MATLAB simulation and 1-kW experiment prototype is built to verify the theoretical analysis.

SVM-based current ripple reduction with two parallel interleaved inverters for induction motor drive

SVM-based current ripple reduction with two parallel interleaved inverters for induction motor drive

Analysis of Total Harmonic Distortion and implementation of Inverter Fault Diagnosis using Artificial Neural Network

As power electronics devices dependability is very significant to guarantee Multi Level Inverter (MLI) systems stable functioning, it is imperative to identify and position faults as promptly as possible. Due to the fault occurrences, the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) on the system gets a hit. In this perspective, to improve fault diagnosis accuracy and efficient working of a Cascaded Multi level Inverter System (CHMLIS), a quick and accurate fault diagnosis strategy with an optimized training algorithm using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is presented. Also, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is analyzed for each switch Fault simulated using MATLAB/Simulink and the results are presented. Results shows the efficacy of Algorithm in identifying the fault. The auxiliary cell is replaced while the fault occurs in the main cell thus making the uninterrupted working of the Multi-Level Inverter (MLI) in the Induction Motor Drive (IMD).

Space Vector Modulation (SVM)-Based Common-Mode Current (CMC) Reduction Method of H8 Inverter for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) Drives

This paper proposes a space vector modulation (SVM)-based common-mode (CM) currents reduction method of an H8 inverter for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. There are power quality issues in the PMSM drive systems, such as current distortions and CM electromagnetic interference (EMI) due to the fast-switching operation of the inverter. These issues are related to CM voltage (CMV) and CM current (CMC). Although several studies have been conducted to reduce the CMV and CMC, some CMV variations and CMCs are still generated in the real implementation. Unlike conventional methods, the proposed method selects the voltage vectors with similar CMV levels and arranges them considering the series-connected switch operation of the H8 inverter in a voltage vector modulation sequence. At a low modulation index (MI), the proposed method completely restricts the CMV variations into six times. At high MI, the proposed method synthesizes the reference voltage vector differently, depending on the position of the reference vector, to reduce both current distortions and CMCs. The validity of the proposed method is verified through simulations and experimental results.

Implementation of Switching Algorithm for SVPWM Inverter in Induction Motor Drive System on Electric Vehicle Applications

Electric cars are the way to reduce global warming and fuel shortages. Performance variable speed drive is needed for various drive electric vehicle applications. Unfortunately, high performance is still being investigated with a variety of drive systems. This paper presents a design, analysis, and implementation of the SV-PWM inverter motor drive system. The SV-PWM algorithm in design using Matlab, to analyze the system include signal response, THD-V, THD-I. All algorithms are embedded in STM32F4, as the main controller. The hardware uses a 3-phase motor control Steval power module. Response speed and output signal inverters are shown in chart form for analysis

A junction temperature estimation method of SiC power module for real time application in a traction inverter

SiC MOSFET is a kind of promising power device for transportation electrification. In electrified vehicles, SiC inverters show strong competitiveness for its high efficiency and power density, especially for high-performance applications. A SiC power module generally consists of multiple MOSFET dies and Diode dies. Junction temperature estimation of different dies in different operation points is a critical problem for practical applications. In this article, power loss of SiC devices in a motor inverter is analysed and calculated in the time scale of switching period. Subsequently, a junction temperature estimation method combining 1D foster thermal model and 3D FEM thermal model is proposed. The maximum junction temperature in a SiC power module can be estimated with low computational burden. Working boundary with varying sine current amplitude and switching frequency can also be obtained for real-time control of motor inverters. The effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method is verified with transition simulation.

Estimation of Junction Temperature in a Two-Level Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor Inverter for Motor Drives

Estimation of Junction Temperature in a Two-Level Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor Inverter for Motor Drives

Transient Electro-Thermal Coupled Modeling of Three-Phase Power MOSFET Inverter during Load Cycles.

This study introduces an effective and efficient dynamic electro-thermal coupling analysis (ETCA) approach to explore the electro-thermal behavior of a three-phase power metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) inverter for brushless direct current motor drive under natural and forced convection during a six-step operation. This coupling analysis integrates three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation for parasitic parameter extraction, simplified equivalent circuit simulation for power loss calculation, and a compact Foster thermal network model for junction temperature prediction, constructed through parametric transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) thermal analysis. In the proposed ETCA approach, the interactions between the junction temperature and the power losses (conduction and switching losses) and between the parasitics and the switching transients and power losses are all accounted for. The proposed Foster thermal network model and ETCA approach are validated with the CFD thermal analysis and the standard ETCA approach, respectively. The analysis results demonstrate how the proposed models can be used as an effective and efficient means of analysis to characterize the system-level electro-thermal performance of a three-phase bridge inverter.

Comparative Analysis of the PWM of an Inverter for an Electric Aircraft Thrust Motor

Comparative Analysis of the PWM of an Inverter for an Electric Aircraft Thrust Motor

A Performance evaluation of a fuzzy logic controller-based Photovoltaic-fed multi-level inverter for a three-phase induction motor

Today, the quality of accessible power and the response of the system involved are most significant. Many controllers have been used by researchers dealing with issues pertaining to power. Controllers play a significant role in the renewable energy sector in terms of improving the quality of power and offering a speedy system response. This research analyzes the speed of response and harmonics and enhances system performance overall. The existing system consists of a photovoltaic panel, boost converter, multi-level inverter, classic proportional-integral (PI) controller, and three-phase induction motor. The proposed system comprises a photovoltaic-based multi-level inverter, fuzzy logic controller, buck-boost converter, and three-phase induction motor. The output of the photovoltaic panel is connected to a buck-boost converter, and that of the converter to an inverter, while the output of the seven-level multi-level inverter is connected to a three-phase induction motor. Motor speed is controlled by a fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The output of the proportional-integral (PI) controller is compared to that of the fuzzy logic controller. The behavior and performance of the existing system are verified with experimental setup and proposed system are verified by MATLAB and Simulink, and the results recorded.

A dual inverter combine boost converter qSBI for open-end winding induction motor

A Dual boost inverter for open-end winding induction motor has been used to improve the power of the induction motor and reduce the number of power switches. However, this configuration still has many disadvantages: the ac output voltage is less than dc input voltage and switches on the same leg turn on at the same time must be avoided. To solve this problem, this paper presents a dual inverter combine boost converter qSBI for open-end winding induction motor configuration that is used for low energies such as solar energy, fuel cell, and battery. With the proposed configuration, the ac output is higher than the dc input without a DC-DC converter and the switches on the same leg can turn on at the same time. Simulation and experimental results will be presented to demonstrate the new features.

A Customized Integrated Circuit for Active EMI Filter With High Reliability and Scalability

This article proposes an active electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter (AEF) realized by a customized integrated circuit (IC) to reduce conducted emission noises. A fully transformer-isolated feedforward current-sense current-compensation structure is selected as a base topology of the AEF. To achieve the high reliability of the proposed AEF by using low-voltage IC devices, the injection transformer is added to protect IC devices from high-voltage hazards. The operation of the proposed AEF is theoretically demonstrated, and practical design guidelines for the IC part and nearby components are developed. The designed IC was fabricated by a 0.18 μm bipolar-CMOS-DMOS process. The fabricated IC is implemented in a compact printed circuit board for application to a three-phase inverter motor system. The performance, stability, and surge immunity of the AEF are experimentally demonstrated. A designed 1stage AEF achieves better noise-attenuation performance than 2stage passive EMI filters (PEFs) over 6 dB at 150 kHz without critical resonance peak at the high-frequency range. Weak points of the conventional PEFs in both low and high frequencies are effectively improved by using the proposed 1stage AEF. In addition, the surge immunity of the designed IC within the AEF is validated under numerous 5 kV surge tests.

Developing an inverter controlling electric motor for small air transport

This paper provides a concept for developing inverters for high power aircraft brushless motors. It should be noted that such devices have an increased number of safety solutions, stable rotor synchronization parameters, and an increased number of isolated hardware nodes. The main result of this study is an engine motor controller with a power of up to 60 kW with control through optical fiber, liquid cooling, completely isolated power and control circuits, overcurrent, inverter and motor temperature protection, synchronization by Hall sensors. This paper also contains the calculation of the cost of introducing such solutions into a typical inverter.

Design and optimization of a liquid cooled heat sink for a motor inverter in electric vehicles

The rapid development of power electronic devices has made them have higher power density, which puts forward higher requirements for cooling technology. The contribution of this paper is the integrated design of the liquid cooled heat sink for a 30 kW motor inverter considering the distribution of power devices. In order to find an optimal heat sink configuration, the cooling performance of three different configurations of heat sinks was investigated. And the distribution characteristics of the temperature and fluid velocity field were compared and analyzed. The heat sink with serpentine channel configuration was selected due to its best temperature uniformity and cooling characteristic. In addition, the effects of geometric parameters (fin thickness) and flow parameters (flow rate) on cooling performance were further studied. On this basis, the geometrical configuration of the heat sink was optimized. The experimental results of the optimized heat sink are in good agreement with the numerical simulation results. The motor inverter achieves high power density of 9.677 kW/kg.

Efficiency Comparison of 2-Level SiC Inverter and Soft Switching-Snubber SiC Inverter for Electric Motor Drives

This paper focuses on the investigation and implementation of a high-performance power conversion system to reduce the overvoltage phenomenon in variable speed electric drive applications. Particularly, the pros and cons of using Silicon Carbide power MOSFETs in the power converter when a long power cable is employed in electric motor drive systems has been addressed. The three-phase two level inverter with the addition of snubber circuits that consist of capacitors and diodes has been investigated, designed and tested in order to mitigate the overvoltage problems without sacrificing the conversion efficiency. Given that the snubber circuit added to the switches can increase losses, an additional circuit is used to recover the energy from the snubber circuit. The proposed analysis has been then validated through an experimental campaign performed on the converter prototype. The experimental results show that the proposed converter can reduce the overvoltage at the electric motor terminals with excellent conversion efficiency compared to the classical solution like the three-phase two level inverter.