Innovative inventory management via convolutional neural networks based on ZnO/SnO2 nanocomposite memristor

• We design an integrated system of hospital transshipment and compatible blood type substitution. • We develop a learning model for blood inventory management in hospitals. • We address blood supply challenges with adaptive inventory policies for real-world applications. • Results demonstrate the capability of our model to reduce wastage and system costs. This study proposes a reinforcement learning (RL)-based framework incorporating the Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm to improve platelet inventory management. The proposed approach considers an inventory system with varying ordering intervals, incorporating ABO-Rh substitution decisions and hospital collaborations through transshipment. In this framework, transshipment is modeled as a fixed policy, reflecting real-world practices where blood units nearing expiration are proactively transferred from smaller local hospitals to larger hospitals, where they are more likely to be used in time. We extend our analysis by exploring several RL models, including Trust Region Policy Optimization (TRPO) and Soft Actor-Critic (SAC). The results show that PPO-Complete outperforms the other RL models, and all considered RL approaches outperform the base-stock strategy, which is commonly used in hospital platelet inventory management. The analyses indicate that lower transshipment costs, when coupled with effective substitution decisions, lead to a reduction in total cost and enable larger order sizes, thereby mitigating shortages.

Red blood cells are often overprepared for surgery, leading to waste and increased costs, despite the need for cross-matching tests. This study aimed to develop a model for predicting the number of red blood cell units required during cardiovascular surgery using patient characteristics. This retrospective study included patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery at our hospital from April 2022 to October 2022. Multiple regression analysis was performed using preoperative patient attributes and blood data, with red blood cell units used during surgery as the objective variable. Models were developed using patient demographics and blood data, with additional models incorporating specific surgical procedures to assess predictive accuracy. Model 1 included age, sex, weight, hematocrit, prothrombin time-international normalized ratio, serum creatinine, volume of preoperatively donated diluted autologous blood, and history of cardiovascular surgery. Model 2 included the same variables as Model 1, plus aortic aneurysm resection as a surgical procedure. The predictive equations of the study showed superior accuracy for both Model 1 and Model 2 compared to the conventional red blood cell units requested by physicians or those predicted using the surgical blood order equation based on correlation coefficients. Model 2 outperformed both Model 1 and conventional methods in predictive utility. This study developed a clinically useful formula for predicting the number of red blood cell units required during surgery based on preoperative patient-specific data, without restricting the analysis to specific procedures. This formula may improve blood product inventory management and reduce medical costs.

Medicines shortages are a major health policy challenge in Ecuador and reflect inconsistencies in the architecture of public-sector medicines access policy. This Health Policy paper, grounded in the policy design framework, synthesises administrative records and policy documents (2015-2024) to show how budget contraction, volatile execution, and weak ex ante needs assessment hinder the translation of allocations into sustained availability. Procurement has shifted from a centralised electronic catalogue towards more fragmented purchasing modalities, while limited transparency in inventory management sustains uncertainty about needs and stock. Governance constraints, including institutional weakness, gaps in timely information, and extensive Constitutional Court oversight, further strain decision-making. Strengthening coherence across financing, procurement, information systems, and governance, alongside more stable leadership, is essential to translate formal commitments into reliable access to essential medicines.

Purpose This study examines how financial flexibility and working capital efficiency influence profitability in the Indian pharmaceutical sector across pre-COVID, COVID and post-COVID phases. It integrates corporate-finance drivers with pharmaceutical-marketing relevance by analyzing how liquidity buffers, leverage decisions and operational efficiency support brand continuity, physician outreach and market resilience during crises. This study aims to provide a holistic explanation of how financial architecture shapes both financial performance and marketing robustness in a highly regulated, innovation-driven health-care industry. Design/methodology/approach Using panel data from 32 listed Indian pharmaceutical firms (2016–2025), this study uses dynamic fixed-effects regression with firm-clustered standard errors. DuPont decomposition is used to unpack profitability drivers, while COVID-phase interaction models identify crisis-specific behavior. Post-COVID robustness tests validate the stability of key determinants. Multiple endogeneity checks are conducted following GMM diagnostics, supplemented with theoretical justification for estimator choice. The methodological framework integrates financial modelling with context-specific pharmaceutical-marketing considerations, accounting for supply-chain pressure, branding continuity and liquidity-driven promotional decision-making during crisis periods. Findings Financial flexibility – particularly lower leverage, stronger liquidity and efficient receivables and inventory management – significantly enhances profitability across all phases. During the COVID period, receivable efficiency and cash buffers display heightened importance, reflecting the need to maintain physician reach, distribution reliability and promotional continuity. DuPont analysis shows that profitability shifts were driven primarily by margins rather than leverage effects. Post-COVID robustness confirms the persistence of these determinants. The results emphasize that operational and capital-structure decisions jointly shape both financial and marketing-related performance drivers in the pharmaceutical industry. Research limitations/implications This study is limited to publicly listed Indian pharmaceutical firms, which may differ from SMEs in flexibility, branding strategy and supply-chain exposure. The data set ends in 2025; forthcoming regulatory changes or post-pandemic market adjustments may alter firm behavior. Although multiple endogeneity diagnostics support estimator choice, unobserved technological or therapeutic-category shifts may still influence profitability. Future research may integrate product-portfolio complexity, R&D diversification and promotional-mix strategies to deepen the marketing–finance interface in health-care markets. Practical implications Managers should prioritize liquidity buffers, conservative leverage policies and receivables management to sustain profitability and protect brand investments during disruptions. Strengthening financial flexibility helps ensure stable physician engagement, uninterrupted promotion and reliable distribution – especially in crisis periods. Firms can use DuPont insights to optimize operational drivers of return generation. Results guide CFOs and marketing heads on synchronizing financial planning with branding and market-access initiatives, ensuring resilience against regulatory shocks, supply-chain delays and evolving health-care demand. Social implications Financially resilient pharmaceutical firms are better positioned to ensure consistent medicine availability, uninterrupted patient access and stable health-care delivery during emergencies. Efficient working-capital systems strengthen supply-chain continuity, reduce stockouts and improve the availability of essential therapies. Stronger financial flexibility also allows firms to maintain socially important promotional and physician-education activities during crises. This study highlights how financial architecture indirectly influences public health outcomes by shaping firms’ ability to remain operationally and marketing-wise stable under uncertainty. Originality/value This study uniquely integrates corporate-finance principles with pharmaceutical-marketing theory, offering a dual-lens explanation of how financial flexibility shapes profitability and brand resilience. It provides the first Indian pharmaceutical sector evidence covering pre-COVID, COVID and post-COVID phases using dynamic panel estimators, DuPont analysis and crisis-interaction modeling. This study contributes by linking liquidity management, leverage and operational efficiency to marketing continuity, distribution stability and physician-facing engagement – bridging a notable gap between financial decision-making and market-based performance in health-care industries.

This study aims to analyze inventory turnover, profitability measured through the gross profit margin, comparisons with industry standards, and the role of inventory turnover in increasing profitability at PT Artindo Pratama Sejahtera during the 2020–2024 period. The study evaluates the relationship between inventory turnover and profitability, as well as compares the company’s performance with industry standards. The company’s financial statements are used as secondary data in this quantitative descriptive research. The analysis is conducted through the calculation of inventory turnover and gross profit margin ratios, which are then compared with industry standards to assess the company’s performance. The results of the study show that the company’s inventory turnover fluctuates and is mostly below industry standards, except in 2023 when the inventory turnover exceeded the standard. Meanwhile, the company’s profitability shows stable performance and remains consistently above industry standards throughout the research period. The conclusion of this study indicates that inventory turnover plays a role in supporting increased profitability but is not the only determining factor. The contribution of this research is expected to serve as a reference for management evaluation in improving the efficiency of inventory management, as well as a reference for future research in the manufacturing industry sector.

Understanding the regional blood group distribution is essential for safe transfusion practice and efficient blood bank inventory management, as local variations in the ABO and Rh blood group systems guide donor recruitment and minimise shortages and transfusion incompatibilities. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups among individuals attending a tertiary care hospital in Lalitpur, Nepal. Retrospective cross-sectional study. Department of Transfusion Medicine and Blood Bank of KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital. All individuals attending a tertiary care hospital between 17 July 2018 and 31 July 2023 who underwent ABO and Rh blood group testing were included in this study. Individuals younger than 4 months of age and those with discrepant blood group results were excluded. Frequency and distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups among different categories. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among individuals attending a tertiary care hospital after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (reference number: 2080/81/91) of KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital. The blood grouping and sociodemographic data of individuals were analysed using SPSS V.17.0, and statistical significance was established at p<0.05. Out of 20 966 individuals, 12 956 (61.80% (95% CI 61.14% to 62.45%)) were female, and 8010 (38.20% (95% CI 37.55% to 38.86%)) were male. The most common blood group was A+ 6629 (31.62% (95% CI 30.99% to 32.25%)), while AB- was the least common blood group 49 (0.23% (95% CI 0.17% to 0.30%)). The RhD+ cases were 20 432 (97.45% (95% CI 97.24% to 97.67%)) and the RhD- cases were 534 (2.55% (95% CI 2.33% to 2.76%)). O+ blood (OR 1.25 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.32), p<0.001) was most common in the males, whereas A+ was common in the females (OR 1.22 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.30), p<0.001). Of the two major blood group systems, the ABO and RhD systems, A+ and RhD+ blood groups were the most prevalent among individuals attending a tertiary care hospital. Understanding the regional distribution of blood groups supports effective blood bank management and transfusion services, ultimately improving patient care.

ABSTRACT Large‐scale application of hard carbon‐based sodium‐ion batteries is limited by insufficient energy density and sluggish interfacial kinetics. While interfacial engineering offers a potential solution, it often introduces unintended side effects at the system level, locking full‐cell performance into an inherent trade‐off hard to overcome synergistically. This study proposes a novel paradigm of “interfacial functionalization‐induced systematic sodium inventory rebalancing,” enabling simultaneous improvement in full‐cell performance and cost optimization via minimal modifications. By introducing Sn(OTf) 2 into an ester‐based electrolyte, a dynamically self‐healing Na–Sn composite SEI is in situ constructed, achieving ultrafast ion transport and effective dendrite growth suppression. Meanwhile, additional capacity from the interfacial Sn alloying reaction enables precise sodium inventory management, establishing an “interfacial gain‐compensated system loss” mechanism that breaks the trade‐off among energy density, power density, and cycle life at once. An Ah‐class Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 ||hard carbon full cell (cathode loading: 32 mg cm − 2 ) fabricated using this strategy delivers a high energy density of 182.5 Wh kg − 1 , while exhibiting excellent cycling stability (87.6% capacity retention after 1100 cycles at 5C) and rate capability (90.28% capacity retention at 30C). This work provides a new theoretical framework and feasible technical pathway for reverse design of full cells through customized anode interface chemistry.

ealthcare systems are increasingly facing challenges in the supply of medicines, medical equipment, and consumables, making logistics a key element in the efficient functioning of the healthcare industry. This paper analyzes the role of logistics in optimizing the healthcare supply chain and its impact on the quality and safety of healthcare delivery. Special emphasis is placed on inventory man-agement, procurement and distribution organization, and the main-tenance of the cold chain for sensitive products. The advantages of implementing modern technologies such as ERP and WMS systems, RFID tags, IoT sensors, artificial intelligence, and blockchain are pre-sented, as they enable digital traceability and error reduction. The paper also highlights major challenges such as global supply chain disruptions, regulatory requirements, and the need for sustainability. It concludes that healthcare logistics is not merely a supporting func-tion but a strategic factor that enhances system efficiency and patient safety.

The advent of drone technology has led to groundbreaking advancements across various industries, including warehousing operations. In recent years, warehouse drones have garnered significant attention due to their potential to revolutionize traditional inventory management and order fulfillment processes. This paper presents a comprehensive review that synthesizes findings from more than 120 research papers on drone-enabled practices in warehouses. The review systematically considers multiple parameters, including drone function (inventory counting, mapping, surveillance, inspection, and intralogistics support), robot platforms used (UAV, UAV-AGV), deployment architecture (single and multi-drone system), validation approach (real-time and simulation), technology and methodology used (modern electronic devices, AI, and IOT), and environmental context (dynamic and static). Furthermore, the paper explores the diverse applications of warehouse drones in inventory management, maintenance and inspection, picking and packaging, goods transportation, security and surveillance, and warehouse layout optimization. The review highlights that most studies still rely on single-UAV systems tested mainly in simulations, with only a few real-time demonstrations of fully autonomous performance inside real warehouses. Although multi-drone approaches are emerging to improve scalability, they continue to struggle with coordination and safety. Research remains largely focused on static environments, with dynamic warehouse conditions receiving far less attention despite their practical importance. The findings of the review are presented with the tabulated results and a comparative table to provide a better understanding of the review work, which helps to identify the existing literature gap. The review presents its findings through clear tables and comparisons, making it easier to understand existing studies and pinpoint the gaps in the current literature.

Background: The accelerated convergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Blockchain is reconfiguring logistics, yet knowledge regarding their operationalisation for real-time inventory management remains fragmented. Methods: A Bibliometric–Systematic Literature Review (B-SLR) was conducted on peer-reviewed sources from Scopus and Web of Science (2019–2025), utilising science mapping to visualise intellectual and conceptual structures. Results: The analysis reveals a steep rise in publications during 2024–2025, identifying traceability, smart contracts, and integrity mechanisms as central themes. The synthesis supports a layered theoretical model linking transparency (sensing) and trust (ledger validation) to efficiency and supply chain resilience in Industry 5.0. The review highlights unresolved issues, including interoperability and privacy-by-design, alongside emerging directions such as digital twins. Conclusions: While scholarship has expanded rapidly, it remains weighted toward adoption mapping, underscoring the need for empirical, context-aware models that explain socio-technical integration and its measurable impacts on logistics performance.

ABSTRACT Effective inventory management is critical for retail and wholesale (R&amp;W) firms. Yet, little is understood regarding R&amp;W firm‐level inventory dynamics during supply chain disruptions. Such dynamics have implications for transportation providers tasked with hauling these goods. This research integrates the shock response framework with organizational theories regarding firms' motivations to reduce uncertainty to explore how macro‐level supply chain disruptions affect the level and conditional variance of R&amp;W inventories. We assemble a panel dataset combining firm‐level data from public R&amp;W firms with Census Bureau data on logistics constraints and estimate mixed effect location scale models. Results corroborate our theoretical predictions.

Rapid development, constant changes in the market, changes in consumer habits and needs, numerous innovations, growth in storage and distribution costs, especially in the food industry, present challenges in supply chains and force companies to look for numerous innovative solutions for their business to survive. This paper aims to investigate the relationship between financial structure, asset turnover, and company profitability, with an emphasis on return on assets (ROA) and equity (ROE). In order to analyze the set goal, debt ratios and activity ratios were analyzed to assess their impact on the profitability of company in the cold supply chain sector. The results show that lower debt has a positive effect on ROA, while moderate debt can increase ROE through the leverage effect. Furthermore, higher asset turnover and effective accounts receivable and inventory management improve both ROA and ROE, highlighting the importance of operational efficiency in a capital-intensive industry. These findings confirm that both financial structure and asset utilization are key factors in company profitability.

This paper addresses the Distance-Constrained Inventory Routing Problem (DCIRP), a complex problem that combines inventory management and vehicle routing in a logistics context. The problem arises in the context of a specialty gas delivery company that maintains a specialty gas holding facility at each customer’s site and uses several trucks to deliver specialty gas, with the additional constraint that drivers are limited to the number of kilometers they can drive each day. A Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation is proposed to model the DCIRP. The DCIRP is a variant of the Inventory Routing Problem (IRP), and an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem. The main objective of this research is to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of DCIRP resolution, while accounting for vehicle capacity constraints, customer inventory levels, and delivery route distance constraints. By optimizing routes and inventory management, the company’s operations become more sustainable. To solve the problem, three solution approaches are proposed. The first is an exact method based on the MILP formulation. The second is a matheuristic that uses an inventory-first, route-second (IFRS) approach, including a minimum route cost approximation and a local search procedure. The results show that the proposed matheuristic produces high-quality solutions with a reasonable computational effort.

To continuously improve the efficiency of the construction project delivery process, various innovative methods and technologies have been developed and adopted in the past decades. Among these methods, modular construction has become a popular option due to its short on-site installation time generated by off-site prefabrication. However, the process of modular construction requires a highly integrated system to accurately connect multiple phases, including material packaging, transportation logistics, locating and tracking, and on-site installation. Accordingly, this process typically poses a significant challenge for contractors to efficiently manage the materials needed for daily tasks. This paper introduces a construction material management system that integrates every phase from off-site packaging to on-site installation. The integrated system was developed based on Logistic Chain and Building Information Modeling (BIM) using a three-layer framework, namely material packaging, inventory management, and material locating and tracking. The new system utilizes recent innovative technologies for transparent consolidation and highly efficient operation of off-site inventory management and on-site visualization. The developed system was further examined in a real-world case study project. The material handling time was then analyzed and compared with benchmark data without using the integrated system. The results indicated that the newly developed system was able to effectively reduce the time of locating materials and the rate of missing materials during on-site installation. In addition, this case study project added value to the verification of the broader system’s capabilities for inventorying, tracking, and visualizing construction materials. The findings of this project provide valuable knowledge and insight into improving construction efficiency through an integrated material management system. Future research is needed to expand the applicability of multiple framework designs and assess the cost–benefit analysis for production-scale and commercial use.

The aim of the article is to analyse the problems and propose modern methods and technologies to increase the efficiency of operational management of international road haulage in the West-East direction, taking into account the specifics of Kazakhstan. The study used methods of analysing transport chain management systems, developing a database on the reliability of carriers, implementing contract management systems, and also studied technologies for improving monitoring and optimising logistics processes. The study identified key problems hindering the effective management of international road haulage in the West-East direction. Key challenges include a lack of information regarding carrier reliability, the complexity of accounting for numerous contractual terms and ensuring the necessary quality of transport services. It has been established that the use of modern information technologies, such as transport and warehouse management systems, significantly improves the efficiency of logistics processes. The implementation of Global Positioning System (GPS) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies allows for enhanced operational monitoring and vehicle management. Analytics and artificial intelligence facilitate route optimisation and inventory management. Furthermore, the transition to environmentally friendly modes of transport and the harmonisation of international standards contribute to reduced costs and improved service quality. As a result, the comprehensive application of modern methods and technologies significantly enhances the efficiency of operational management in road haulage.

Inventory management is one of the important aspects of theatrical performance execution, where several important elements support the needs of the show. Within the scope of Zone 3 Cirebon, there are various theater organizations or groups spread across various campuses. In this study, several campuses were selected as samples: Universitas Muhammadiyah Cirebon (through the "Roempoet" Theater Club), Swadaya Gunungjati University (through USB &amp; "Blue Chain Theater"), UNTAG 17 August (through the Department of Arts and Culture UNTAG 17), and IAIN Syekh Nurjati (through "Teater Awal") in Cirebon. The purpose of this research is to facilitate collaboration between theater organizations from various campuses, thereby facilitating the exchange of information about the borrowing of performance equipment between various organizations in Zone 3 Cirebon. This information system is web-based and developed using hardware such as the HP AMD RYZEN 5 laptop, powered by software including Visual Studio Code and Xampp. It uses the Laravel 8 Framework and the PHP programming language. The final result of this study is the Application of a Web-Based Theater Performance Inventory Borrowing System (Case Study: Campus Theater in Cirebon City). This Information System presents data about inventory, users, inventory types, administrators, loan records, and inventory borrowing and return processes.

The software and data in this repository are a snapshot of the software and data that were used in the research reported on in the paper Enabling Ultra-Fast Online Order Fulfillment: Efficient Inventory Management for In-Store Micro-Fulfillment Centers by Qian Jia, Zhengrui Jiang, and Syam Menon.

Price forecasting holds crucial decision-making value across various sectors, such as finance, commodities, retail, and energy. Accurate price forecasts are essential for optimizing inventory management, mitigating risks, formulating effective strategies, and improving overall profitability. This paper provides a systematic view of the evolution of price forecasting methods, tracing their development from traditional statistical time series models to modern machine learning approaches, as well as cutting-edge deep learning and their hybrid models. Using a comprehensive literature review and comparative analysis methods, different categories of forecasting models are organized and compared. The study finds that a single forecasting model is difficult to adapt to all market conditions. In contrast, hybrid models, especially those that integrate the feature extraction capabilities of deep learning with the interpretability of traditional models or combine multi-source data, demonstrate higher accuracy and robustness. These approaches are therefore identified as the mainstream research direction for future research in price forecasting.

Pathogen-Reduce Cryoprecipitate: An Overview of Method(s) in Pathogen Reduction, Transfusion-Transmitted Infection Risk, and Inventory Management Considerations.