Invalid Name Research Articles

A Review of the Scientific Names of Chinese Cabbage according to the International Codes of Nomenclature

We organized the scientific names of Chinese cabbage according to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) and the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP). We found that the subspecies name ‘Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr.’ was suitable as the scientific name for Chinese cabbage, and we classified B. rapa var. glabra Regel. as its synonym. In addition, B. petsai Bailey is an ‘unrecorded name’ not found in the original description, and therefore is not suitable for use. We conclude that all names based on this name are ‘invalid names’, and should not be used.

A nomenclatural review of Argyreia (Convolvulaceae)

AbstractThis paper accounts for all names published in Argyreia Lour., Lettsomia Roxb., and Moorcroftia Choisy, reconciles the taxonomy and nomenclature for those names based on study of type specimens for nearly all of them. In total, 135 species and 5 varieties are accepted; a significant increase in the species‐level diversity relative to previously published estimates in the literature. Concise summaries of the infrageneric relationships, distribution and biogeography, taxonomy, and nomenclatural complexities are provided; relevant literature is cited throughout. Excluded species and uncertain species are treated in separate sections. One new combination is made at varietal rank and one invalid name in current use is here validated. A comprehensive index is provided to all published names, cross‐referenced to the accepted name.

A new species of Strobocalyx (Asteraceae: Cichorioideae: Vernonieae) from India

Vernonia mastersii, a name first appeared on a herbarium label and then effectively published in ‘Flora of Assam, vol. 3’ by Kanjilal et al., remains invalidly published according to ICN. The description associated with this name is found based on the mixture of two different species, of which one is formally undescribed. Therefore, a new species of Strobocalyx, viz. S. mastersii is described here based on part of the material associated with the invalid name Vernonia mastersii.

'Streptomyces caelicus', an antibiotic-producing species of the genus Streptomyces, and Streptomyces canchipurensis Li et al. 2015 are later heterotypic synonyms of Streptomyces muensis Ningthoujam et al. 2014.

'Streptomyces caelicus' DSM 40835 was first reported as the producer of the antibiotic griselimycin by some coworkers of Rhone Poulenc in 1971. The project on isolation of the antibiotic compound was stopped because of the bad solubility and selectivity of the compound towards Mycobacteria. At Sanofi-Aventis, Germany, the project was re-evaluated in 2007 and the gene cluster of griselimycin could be identified, characterized and was patented in 2013. At this time, 'S. caelicus' was an invalid name. During the strain characterization work, it was found that 'S. caelicus' belongs to the group of species of the genus Streptomyces which show an unusual heterogeneity of the 16S rRNA gene sequences. However, high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Streptomyces muensis JCM 17576T and Streptomyces canchipurensis JCM 17575T were obvious. Here, we present a comparative description of 'Streptomyces caelicus' DS 9461 (=DSM 40835=NCCB 100592) with S. muensis and S. canchipurensis by use of a polyphasic taxonomy approach and additional comparison of some housekeeping genes by multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA). An emended description of Streptomyces muensis is provided as a result of this work.

Settling the name Diomedea exulans Linnaeus, 1758 for the Wandering Albatross by neotypification.

On-going conflict in use of the name Diomedea exulans Linnaeus, 1758 for different taxa of the great albatrosses (Wandering Albatross complex) is resolved by neotypification, fixing the name to the large subantarctic form formerly often known as D. chionoptera Salvin, 1896. Application of all scientific names in the complex is reviewed, an annotated synonymy for the large subantarctic form is provided, available names for smaller, temperate-zone forms are listed, and unavailable and otherwise invalid names referable to the complex are identified. Syntypes of D. chionoptera and D. spadicea J.F. Gmelin, 1789 are lectotypified as well, fixing their names as synonyms of D. exulans to prevent possible disturbance to in-use names for the smaller, temperate-zone forms.

Валидизация Allium tashkenticum

Hitherto nomenclatorally invalid name Allium tashkenticum is published in this communication effectively and validly.

Typification and Validation of Names in KoreanRubus(Rosaceae)

Four names by T. Nakai are validly established within Korean Rubus L. (Rosaceae). The invalid name “R. coreanus Miq. var. concolor Nakai” is newly described as R. coreanus var. concolor Nakai ex J. Y. Yang from Gyeongsangnam-do Province in southeastern Korea. The invalid name “R. phoenicolasius Maxim. var. albiflorus Nakai” is newly described as R. phoenicolasius var. albiflorus Nakai ex J. Y. Yang from Jellanam-do Province in southwestern Korea. The invalid name “R. tozawai Nakai” is corrected for its epithet and newly described as R. tozawae Nakai ex J. Y. Yang from southeastern Korea. The new variety R. tozawae var. longisepalus J. Y. Yang is described from Gyeongsangnam-do Province in southeastern Korea. Lectotypes are designated for R. coreanus, R. coreanus var. nakaianus H. Lev., and R. quelpaertensis H. Lev.

Early Land Plants Today: Index of Liverworts & Hornworts 2013–2014

A widely accessible list of known plant species is a fundamental requirement for plant conservation and has vast applications. An index of published names of liverworts and hornworts between 2013 and 2014 is provided as part of a continued effort in working toward producing a world checklist of this group. The list includes 50 higher taxa, 361 species, 82 infraspecific taxa, and 50 infraspecific autonyms for 2013 and 2014. Three of them are fossils. Five older names not included in the earlier indices are included. Three illegitimate and 13 invalid names are also included. New to science are 105 species and 22 infraspecific taxa.

Encyonema neosubturgidum nom. nov., Encyonopsis mendosa comb. nov. and Encyonopsis apiculata comb. nov., stat. nov. (Bacillariophyceae, Cymbellales), three nomenclatural corrections for some encyonemoid diatoms

Since the reinstatement of the genus Encyonema and its separation from Cymbella, some taxa have been moved into it or related genera. However, the failure to observe some nomenclatural rules, concerning recent new combinations, Encyonema subturgidum (Hustedt) D.G.Mann and Encyonopsis subalpina Krammer, and Encyonopsis apiculata (Hustedt) Krammer, resulted in illegitimate and invalid names, respectively. Here we propose Encyonema neosubturgidum nom. nov., Encyonopsis mendosa (VanLandingham) comb. nov. and Encyonopsis apiculata (Hustedt) comb. nov., stat. nov. to correct these nomenclatural issues.

Taxonomic Transfer ofFernandezia pastorelliae(Orchidaceae) toOrchidotypus

After years of confusion about the invalid name Pachyphyllum aurorae D. E. Benn. & Christenson and two invalid nomenclatural transfers of this name to other genera, a valid name, Fernandezia pastorelliae D. Trujillo, was published in 2014. Because generic classification of the species is not in accordance with morphological data, we here transfer F. pastorelliae to Orchidotypus Kraenzl.

A Taxonomic Revision of PhilippineMussaenda(Rubiaceae, Mussaendeae)1

Abstract The Philippine taxa of Mussaenda Burm. ex L. (Rubiaceae, Ixoroideae, Mussaendeae) are revised here, based on field observations and study of herbarium specimens. Twenty-four species and four varieties are recognized, with three new species and one new variety. In the Philippines, M. grandibracteata Alejandro is described from the province of Occidental Mindoro, M. liedeae Alejandro from Palawan, and M. milleri Elmer ex Alejandro from Nueva Ecija; M. philippica A. Rich var. pubescens Alejandro is described from Davao Oriental. A lectotype is newly designated for M. benguetensis Elmer, and the invalid name M. milleri is validated herein. Mussaenda macrophylla Wall. var. grandisepala (Jayaw.) Alejandro has new status for its rank as variety rather than form, and the epithet grandisepala is lectotypified. Subsequent lectotypifications are designated for M. scandens Elmer and M. vidalii Elmer. The morphology of Philippine Mussaenda is compared with Asian and African Mussaenda and is distinguished from...

Nomenclatural remarks on the chasmophytic vegetation of the Centaureo-Campanuletalia

The thermophilous chasmophytic vegetation on limestone of the Adriatic Region has been arranged in the endemic order Centaureo-Campanuletalia (class Asplenietea trichomanis). The distribution range of the order covers a large area around the Adriatic Sea – from the south and north east of Italy to Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia i Hercegovina, Montenegro and Albania. The Centaureo-Campanuletalia or its subordinated syntaxa are quoted in the main syntaxonomic synopses of the Region as well as in technical reports. The critical analysis of the nomenclature of the order, based on the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (ICPN), showed many invalid or incorrect names while it is evident that the usage of correct names in scientific literature is crucial, both for the advances of syntaxonomic knowledge and their application for practical purposes. This paper presents a revision of the nomenclature for the Centaureo-Campanuletalia and related syntaxa in order to stabilize this nomenclature at least at alliance level. As a result, three syntaxa were validated (Centaureo dalmaticae-Campanuletalia pyramidalis, Centaureo cuspidatae-Portenschlagiellion ramosissimae, Inulo verbascifoliae-Centaureetum cuspidatae) and five others were lectotypified.

The Hybrid betweenEquisetum scirpoidesandE. variegatumin Northern Europe

Abstract Based on newly collected plant material from Swedish Lapland a new name, Equisetum ×lapponicum, is proposed for the hybrid between E. scirpoides and E. variegatum. Macromorphological as well as micromorphological characters are presented in comparison with the parent species. The nomenclatural history of the hybrid combination is discussed in detail referring to older but invalid names used in the literature. An updated overview of reticulate evolutionary processes in subgenus Hippochaete at a global scale is presented.

Typification and nomenclature of the names published in Plantae Serbicae Rariores aut Novae—Decas III

We provide information on the typification of the names of one genus (Lactucopsis), two sections (L. sect. Mulgediopsis, L. sect. Prenanthopsis), two unranked subgeneric names (Hieracium [unranked] Chlorocarpa, H. [unranked] Melanocarpa), ten species (Dianthus moesiacus, Eryngium palmatum, Haplophyllum boissierianum, Hieracium schultzianum, Lactucopsis aurea, Lactucopsis brevirostris, Lactucopsis mulgedioides, Mulgedium sonchifolium, Picridium macrophyllum, Stachys anisochila), and one form (Gypsophila spergulifolia f. serbica) validly published in Roberto de Visiani and Josif Pančić’s work Plantae Serbicae Rariores aut Novae—Decas III, published in 1870, and one variety (Knautia macedonica var. lyrophylla) published in Verzeichnis der in Serbien wildwachsenden Phanerogamen (1856). Additional nomenclatural notes deal with three other species, five new combinations, seven invalid names and one invalid combination that were also discussed or published in Visiani & Pančić (1870). Seven nomenclatural types for eight validly published taxa are designated here.

Annotated Checklist of California Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera).

Based on examination of the literature and specimens, 208 described species in 90 genera of Encyrtidae are listed from California. Data on the original publication, deposition of types, geographic distribution and host records of these species are presented. Forty-three species were established in biocontrol programs, 157 are presumed native, 7 appear to be adventitious introductions, and the origin of one is undetermined. An additional 276 morphospecies are also listed as present in the state within an additional 21 described genera and potentially up to 20 undescribed genera. Altogether, 31 new genera and 36 new species are recorded for the state, as well as 70 new parasitoid-host records. Errors pertaining to California taxa in previously published papers are corrected. Metaphycus immaculatus (Howard) is reported as a new combination (from Aphycus Mayr). Three appendices are included: a host/parasitoid listing for the described species present in the state, a listing of taxa previously reported from California under invalid names, and a list of taxa either erroneously reported from the state, or unsuccessful biocontrol introductions.

Inventory, Descriptions, and Keys to Segregation and Identification of Liriopogons Cultivated in the Southeastern United States

Liriopogons is a name used for cultivated genera of Liriope and Ophiopogon, Ruscaceae. Liriopogons are the most important clonal groundcovers sold by the nursery industry in the southeastern United States. Accurate segregation and identification of cultivars is difficult as cultivar descriptions used in nursery catalogs, literature, and plant patents are qualitative in substance, and often limited in morphological data. Also, existing inventories are limited in data. Many cultivars are assigned to the wrong species, and sometimes to the wrong genus. A taxonomic project of nearly 30 years’ working with liriopogon cultivars has culminated in this article. Included are the project history, nomenclatural history, cultural practices that degrade cultivar integrity, ornamental morphological genetic traits, and an inventory of cultivars. The inventory includes nearly 225 valid and invalid names, plus temporary names for clones under evaluation, an ordering of the nomenclature, quantitative morphological descriptions, cultivar origins where known, sources of material studied, and pertinent notes and observations. Provided is a key to segregation and identification of cultivars, a tool that can assist those in the industry and those seeking plant patents.

Names of Bacidia s. l. in current use for foliicolous lichens – An annotated nomenclatural study

Abstract The checklist contains 135 names in current use for taxa of former Bacidia s. l. and 99 synonyms or invalid names. Place of description or new combination, basionym, synonyms, type, distribution is given for species. Type species, substrate, number of foliicolous species, systematic position, distribution is given for genera. Data are edited similarly with the online checklist on foliicolous lichens last updated by Lucking and his co-authors in 2000. The list contains the following 7 new combinations: Bacidina cinnamomea (Kremp.) Farkas, Bacidina clauzadei (Serus. et Lambinon) Farkas, Brasilicia foliicola (Vězda) Farkas, Brasilicia ituriensis (Vězda) Farkas, Brasilicia olivaceorufa (Vain.) Farkas, Brasilicia subsimilis (Vězda) Farkas, Szczawinskia permira (Vězda) Farkas. The genus Bacidia De Not. is excluded from the checklist of foliicolous lichens, as all of its former foliicolous species are now belonging to other genera. Current names are in the following 12 genera: Bacidina, Badimia, Badimie...

On the validity of Noah's giant clam Tridacna noae (Röding, 1798) and its synonymy with Ningaloo giant clam Tridacna ningaloo Penny & Willan, 2014

A new giant clam species, Tridacna ningaloo Penny & Willan, 2014 has been described from Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia. Meanwhile, it has been suggested that Noah's giant clam, Tridacna noae (Roding, 1798), previously resurrected from synonymy with T. maxima (Roding, 1798), is an invalid name. We assessed the validity of resurrecting T. noae and designating a neotype for it against the rules of zoological nomenclature and found no flaw in these acts. We then compared the genetic and morphological characters used in the respective diagnoses of T. noae and the newly-described Tridacna ningaloo. No difference was apparent between T. ningaloo and T. noae except, possibly, in mantle ornamentation patterns. In particular, the holotype of T. ningaloo possesses a mitochondrial DNA haplotype identical to T. noae. Thus, the hypothesis that T. ningaloo is a species distinct from T. noae was not supported by clear morphological evidence and it was contradicted by the available genetic evidence. Tridacna ningaloo should be regarded as a junior synonym of T. noae.

Annotated catalogue of Australian weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)

This catalogue presents the first-ever complete inventory of all described taxa of Australian weevils, including both valid and invalid names. The geographical scope spans mainland Australia and its continental islands as well as the subantarctic Heard and McDonald Islands, the Pacific Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands and the Indian-Ocean Christmas Island. 4111 species in 832 genera (including one extinct species and one fossil) are recognised as occurring in this territory, distributed over seven families, 20 subfamilies and 94 tribes. The families and subfamilies are arranged in a currently accepted phylogenetic sequence but the tribes, genera and species in alphabetical order. Introductory chapters outline the discovery and composition of the Australian weevil fauna, the burden of synonymy, the format and conventions of the catalogue and the taxonomic and nomenclatural changes proposed. Sixteen new genera and six new species are described, two new names and 25 new generic and 72 new species synonymies and 189 new combinations are proposed and 46 type species designations are effected. The records of 356 taxa are annotated to justify or explain various taxonomic and nomenclatural acts and issues, covering descriptions of new taxa, new synonymies and generic combinations, artificial taxon concepts, changes in classification and a number of nomenclatural matters. The catalogue of the taxa present in Australia is followed by a list of 19 species incorrectly recorded from Australia or introduced as biocontrol agents but not established, and by one species inquirenda. All these records are also annotated. Two appendices list the 102 species introduced into Australia, both accidental and deliberate (as weed control agents). A bibliography with full references of all original descriptions and pertinent other citations from the literature is provided, and an index to all names concludes the catalogue.

Towards the unification of sequence-based classification and sequence-based identification of host-associated microorganisms.

Towards the unification of sequence-based classification and sequence-based identification of host-associated microorganisms.