Abstract. The article presented the development of an algorithm for searching and analysing information from open sources in the context of cyber threats. The proposed algorithm is an effective tool for detecting, monitoring, assessing and neutralising threats in the digital environment. The work described the main stages of the algorithm, which include: quick access to relevant information, assessment of data reliability, trend analysis, identification of connections between objects, and prediction of potential threats. The development of the algorithm involved searching for and analysing information from open sources; noise filtering; contextual analysis and cross-checking to improve the reliability of results; and constructing relationship graphs to identify dependencies between objects and determine their potential danger. These tasks were implemented by collecting data through API (Application Programming Interface), web scraping (BeautifulSoup), using search operators, processing data with NLP (Natural Language Processing) tools, and classification using machine learning models and regular expressions. The article analysed the information obtained using relationship graphs, identifies key objects and evaluates the reliability of sources. The developed algorithm reduced the time required for searching and analysing information, increased the relevance and accuracy of the data obtained, and provides effective support for cybersecurity decisions. As an example, the algorithm was applied to monitor suspicious job postings on the LinkedIn platform, where phishing ads containing invalid links or false information were detected. The use of the LinkedIn API and web scraping made it possible to automate the collection of job postings and compare them with a database of known phishing websites. The developed algorithm reduced the time spent searching for and analysing information compared to manual methods. The implementation of such solutions helps prevent cyber threats and ensure security in the digital environment. The algorithm significantly improves the efficiency of working with open sources, providing an automated process for collecting, processing, and analysing data for further threat assessment

Energy efficiency and data reliability are important indicators to measure network performance in wireless sensor networks. In existing research schemes of routing protocols, the impact of node coverage on the network is often ignored, and the possibility that multiple sensor nodes may sense the same spatial point is not taken into account, which results in a waste of network resources, especially in large-scale networks. Apart from that, the blindness of geographic routing in data transmission has been troubling researchers, which means that the nodes are unable to determine the validity of data transmission. In order to solve the above problems, this paper innovatively combines the routing protocol with the coverage control technique and proposes the node collaborative scheduling algorithm, which fully considers the correlation characteristics between sensor nodes to reduce the number of active working nodes and the number of packets generated, to further reduce energy consumption and network delay and improve packet delivery rate. In order to solve the problem of unreliability of geographic routing, a highly reliable link detection and repair scheme is proposed to check the communication link status and repair the invalid link, which can greatly improve the packet delivery rate and throughput of the network, and has good robustness. A large number of experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed scheme and algorithm.

Online discussion forums allow individuals who otherwise may be strangers to create a community where they can seek and share information. Patients with bone sarcomas and their support networks use discussion forums dedicated to cancer support. There is a paucity of published reports regarding the care experience of patients with bone sarcomas because studies on online discussion groups have primarily focused on some of the more common cancers, including breast and prostate cancer. Understanding commonly discussed themes among patients with bone sarcomas would allow treating physicians to have a better understanding of patient concerns when providing patient education and counseling. We performed this study to review posts from bone sarcoma internet discussion boards to establish common themes related to the care experience of patients with sarcomas. Online discussion forums were identified using the search term "sarcoma discussion forum." After identifying 12 websites, we excluded closed forum groups, websites with missing or invalid links to forums, and nonpublic forums, such as groups on Facebook. These websites include profiles and photos that are personal, and sufficient author anonymity could not be achieved for this study. Posts written between January 1, 2012, and May 1, 2022, posted on five discussion boards were reviewed and collected until we reached a point of data saturation in which we agreed that the collection of additional posts would not reveal new themes. Discussion threads were filtered to identify posts pertaining to the most common bone sarcomas: chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and osteosarcoma. Grounded theory-the methodology of repeated analyses of qualitative data to identify recurring themes or concepts-was used to analyze posts. Caregiver posts were delineated from patient posts and categorized separately for subgroup analysis. Grounded theory, although a qualitative method, endeavors to integrate the strengths inherent in quantitative methods with qualitative approaches. Grounded theory categorizes words, language, and the meanings these imply and seeks to organize and reduce the data gathered into themes or essences, which, in turn, can be fed into descriptions, models, or theories. Our analysis used three reviews of text to assign and group codes based on repeating ideas or concepts. The first review (open coding) aims to assign codes based on the verbatim text included by the author to capture the specific thoughts and ideas of the post. The second review (axial coding) aims to consolidate the ideas of posts by applying broader concepts to each post. The third and final review (selective coding) aims to further consolidate the themes of each post by trying to embody the main message contained in a post. A total of 570 posts from 139 threads were collected and analyzed using grounded theory. Twenty-five axial codes and four selective codes were created. We defined data saturation by the absence of a new open code in the analysis of a block of 50 posts to ensure that signals of saturation were not accepted too early in the analysis. The four selective codes included emotional aspects or connecting with others, information support: diagnosis, information support: treatment, and information support: recovery. Of these four codes, emotional aspects and connecting with others was the most prevalent theme (78% [445 of 570] of posts) followed by information support: treatment (49% [282 of 570] of posts). Information support: diagnosis and information support: recovery were each captured in 15% of posts. Analysis of posts reveals that the two most common themes involve seeking out emotional support and information about the experiences of others with various treatment modalities. Although most of the posts we assessed contained experiential information and emotional support rather than directed medical advice, future studies should assess the accuracy of information shared among online sarcoma forums. Physicians caring for patients with sarcomas should not only address patient concerns related to medical care, but also provide emotional support directly and assist patients by providing resources to peer support outlets, including online discussion forums. Although we cannot ascertain the proportion of patients who use online sites given the anonymity of posts included, these findings suggest common experiential themes across patients with sarcomas outside their doctors' offices. It is important that providers be aware of reputable forums to provide as resources for their patients. The Musculoskeletal Tumor Society may further benefit from endorsing one or more of these forums and providing physician oversight to monitor misinformation.

On Stack Overflow, users reuse 11,926,354 external links to share the resources hosted outside the Stack Overflow website. The external links connect to the existing programming-related knowledge and extend the crowdsourced knowledge on Stack Overflow. Some of the external links, so-called as repeated external links, can be shared for multiple times. We observe that 82.5% of the link sharing activities (i.e., sharing links in any question, answer, or comment) on Stack Overflow share external resources, and 57.0% of the occurrences of the external links are sharing the repeated external links. However, it is still unclear what types of external resources are repeatedly shared. To help users manage their knowledge, we wish to investigate the characteristics of the repeated external links in knowledge sharing on Stack Overflow. In this paper, we analyze the repeated external links on Stack Overflow. We observe that external links that point to the text resources (hosted in documentation websites, tutorial websites, etc.) are repeatedly shared the most. We observe that: 1) different users repeatedly share the same knowledge in the form of repeated external links, thus increasing the maintenance effort of knowledge (e.g., update invalid links in multiple posts), 2) the same users can repeatedly share the external links for the purpose of promotion, and 3) external links can point to webpages with an overload of information that is difficult for users to retrieve relevant information. Our findings provide insights to Stack Overflow moderators and researchers. For example, we encourage Stack Overflow to centrally manage the commonly occurring knowledge in the form of repeated external links in order to better maintain the crowdsourced knowledge on Stack Overflow.

BACKGROUND: A constantly increasing number of patients seek for Internet sources on diseases or surgical operations before consulting with a medical specialist. Popular among surgical procedures is rhinoplasty. Depending on the quality of information, patient decision making, expectations and satisfaction may be affected in a positive or negative manner. The aim of this study is to objectively assess the readability and reliability of Internet health information in the Greek language on rhinoplasty. MATERIALS and METHODS: We performed a search in the Google engine using a combination of Greek language terms relating to rhinoplasty. After collation and rejection of duplicate, irrelevant or invalid links, the first twenty highest ranking Greek Web sites were analyzed using the on-line Greek Language Centre Literacy Level calculator, the on-line Greek text readability calculator, and the DISCERN publication quality assessment instrument. RESULTS: From the twenty Web sites, 40% required very good and 35% required excellent Greek Language Literacy Level for com- prehension. Content reading was considered quite difficult in 15%, difficult in 60% and very difficult in 25% of the Web sites. The quality of the Web sites appraised by the DISCERN instrument was low to medium. No correlation was found between Google site rank and DISCERN total score. CONCLUSIONS: In general, the reliability of Internet health information in the Greek language on rhinoplasty is mediocre at best and the readability of the respective texts is lower than recommended. Patients should be cautious and always consult one or more medical specialists before reaching a final decision. Evaluation and accreditation of Internet health information sites would greatly assist on sound patient decision-making and satisfaction.

This article aims to measure the impact of quality practices on the overall performance of the young manufacturing enterprises located in the Province of Tangier (Morocco). Based on an empirical study via questionnaires administered to the owner-managers and using structural modelling with latent variable via the Xl-Stat software (2015 Version) on a sample of 80 young enterprises, we concluded that, generally, quality practices positively impact the overall performance. However, an invalid link was detected between 'human resources' and 'management process'. Also a weak association was noted on the level of quality practices 'partnerships and resources' and 'management process'. It should be noted that these two practices 'human resources' and 'partnerships and resources' had weak indirect impact on the different perspectives of overall performance. Indeed, to further improve the overall performance, the owner-managers of such enterprises must seek constant improvement of quality practices especially those that have weak associations: human resources and partnerships.

This article aims to measure the impact of quality practices on the overall performance of the young manufacturing enterprises located in the Province of Tangier (Morocco). Based on an empirical study via questionnaires administered to the owner-managers and using structural modelling with latent variable via the Xl-Stat software (2015 Version) on a sample of 80 young enterprises, we concluded that, generally, quality practices positively impact the overall performance. However, an invalid link was detected between 'human resources' and 'management process'. Also a weak association was noted on the level of quality practices 'partnerships and resources' and 'management process'. It should be noted that these two practices 'human resources' and 'partnerships and resources' had weak indirect impact on the different perspectives of overall performance. Indeed, to further improve the overall performance, the owner-managers of such enterprises must seek constant improvement of quality practices especially those that have weak associations: human resources and partnerships.

An original method is used to analyze the topology structure of a road network and two indexes of road network performance, namely, connectivity and network efficiency, are used to evaluate road network robustness in medium measure and thus quantify the variety of urban road network vulnerability caused by unexpected congestion. Then, a variety of road network impedances is set as the vulnerability identification index and a network traffic flow model with a link queuing capacity constraint is established, considering such constraint on unexpected congestion condition. Finally, a Lagrange dual algorithm is designed to solve the model, whose accuracy is subsequently tested by an example. Results show that the model based on the vulnerability index can accurately recognize road network vulnerability. Invalid links caused by unexpected congestion lead to changes in road network impedance, thereby directly affecting the robustness of the entire road network.

The cause of extinction , such as withdrawal of the Contract is therefore recognized in the laws and punishable by perpetual invalid links osine die . It is one of the causes of termination of successive contracts , and a major problem in the termination of contracts of distribution aspects . This extensive summary of the paper examines the legislation on the right of withdrawal, and its main manifestations in mercantile contracts : distribution and franchising . Finally , it will end in a comparative analysis of withdrawal from the Civil Law and Common Law . In particular, given the differences in the legal systems of the US law and English.

Students’ pre-knowledge and conceptual development in analysis were investigated at a teacher education program to reveal what pre-knowledge endured and how the students perceived the concepts a year after the course had ended. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data. Two students’ results are presented in more detail in the article. The study was cognitively framed with the influence of situated theories to take as many aspects of concept development into account as possible. The students showed numerous connections between concepts, but they were often unable to discern valid links from invalid links. The perceived richness from many connections causes unjustifiably strong self-confidence which prevents further work with the concept. A tool for classification of the students’ connections between concepts resulted from the analysis.

A Protocol of Fault Diagnosis Agreement Based on Invalid Link