Introductory Theory Research Articles

Pengenalan Dan Pelatihan Proses Pembuatan Balsam Cair Di Gampong Lubok Sukon Kecamatan Ingin Jaya, Kabupaten Aceh Besar

This training activity aims to enhance the knowledge, insights, and skills of the community regarding external medicines, specifically the skills to make liquid balm that is beneficial for health. Additionally, this activity aims to foster entrepreneurial interest among the community through home-based businesses that can increase family income. The activity is centered in Lubuk Sukon Village, Ingin Jaya District, Aceh Besar Regency. The targets of this training activity are housewives and teenage girls who spend most of their time taking care of their households and families. To facilitate this training activity, brochures about the materials and procedures for making balm, the ingredients used, introductory theory, and tips for making balm were distributed to the target community. Furthermore, demonstrations and hands-on practice in making balm were provided, resulting in products that can be used personally or become a business idea.

Emoțiile sociale. Despre rușine, vinovăție, regret şi dezamăgire. București, Editura Tritonic, 2020. Septimiu Chelcea

The current paper is a review on Septimiu Chelcea’s book Emoții sociale. Despre rușine, vinovăție, regret şi dezamăgire [Social Emotions. About shame, guilt, regret and disappointment], Bucharest, Tritonic Publishing House, 2020. Chelcea’s work captures the plurality of social emotions and their role in sociology and psychosociology as well as social and cultural theory. He explores auto reflexive secondary social emotions such as shame, guilt, regret and disappointment to emphasize the importance of the study of social emotions especially in the sociological field. The review includes an overview on the main introductory theories as well as the theories on each of the social emotions included in the study.

Comparing graduate occupational therapy students’ perceived time use, temporality, and tempo of occupational participation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT The study of time use, habits, routines, and rituals is significant to occupational science inquiry, with established research techniques and numerous published reports documenting the temporal nature of human occupational behavior. Occupational therapy graduate students are therefore instructed on time use analysis methods. In a large public American university graduate program, self-evaluation of time use is used as a learning strategy, providing students rich opportunities to apply what they learn in class to gain a better understanding of their own lives. Following didactic instruction, the students in an introductory theory course were asked to document and reflect upon their time use on a recent day or week in spring 2019. In March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic prompted a statewide stay-at-home order and widespread school closures, including the conversion of all coursework to alternative online methods. In this context, the students in the following cohort completed the time use documentation and reflection assignment in spring 2020. The data from these assignments provide a unique opportunity to compare time use in the midst of a global pandemic to time use in the prior year. Anonymous data were compared between graduate student cohorts from the spring 2020 semester (n = 59) and spring 2019 (n = 58). Data were compiled and analyzed using NVivo software for qualitative analysis, and SPSS software for quantitative investigation. Results indicate that students attempted to self-organize their time with an emphasis on maintaining or correcting perceived shifts in temporarily and tempo. Students cited concern for their health and reported adjusting patterns of occupational engagement in studying, sleep, rest, and community mobility. Future research should query students’ motivations and feelings related to time use and perception of time.

Doing Aging Research Together: Innovative Perspectives on Participatory Approaches

The symposium aims to take a closer look at what it means to involve older participants in ageing research - beyond the role of research subjects. By discussing projects that deploy different participatory approaches we investigate the manifold ways in which older adults can become co-creators of the research process. We do so comparing such approaches in different domains, with different outcomes and in different stages of the research process. Consequently, this symposium (1) looks at the research process through the lens of benefits and challenges resulting from involving older adults as co-creators; (2) showcases projects across different domains and different jurisdictions that applied participatory approach in ageing research to discuss benefits and challenges, and (3) advances scientific insights into participatory approaches involving older adults. After an introductory contribution outlining theories, concepts and developments of participatory approaches in ageing research, we present insights from three empirical studies in different cultural and thematic settings. In our first presentation, Anna Wanka and Anna Urbaniak open the symposium by presenting an overview of participatory approaches that involve older adults. In the first empirical presentation, Julia Nolte and Hamid Turker discuss the process of involving older adults in data analysis and therefor present data from the US. In the third presentation, Lillian Hunn highlights how the recent COVID-19 pandemic impacted patient involvement in research in Canada. Finally, Anna Urbaniak discusses the process of planning participatory research with hard to reach population among older adults in Austria, namely those who are socially excluded.

Gender and peer evaluations

Peer evaluations for nearly 1,650 students in three different team-based learning economics courses are analyzed for evidence of gender differences in ratings given and received. The analysis controls for general academic skills and economics-specific skills as well as other individual and team characteristics. Females earn higher evaluations than males in introductory and intermediate-level microeconomic theory courses even when conditioning on achievement, but there is no statistically significant difference in a more advanced course. Finally, there is little evidence of gender bias in evaluations given; both males and females rate female teammates higher than male teammates.

Theory Education in Canada: Foundational Thinkers and Texts in the Subfield 1

This article reports the results of an examination of 187 introductory political theory courses within political science departments across Canada from 2011 to 2016. While instructors and departments know what they are doing in their classrooms, this article provides a broad overview of the field of political philosophy in Canadian universities through an exploration of which texts and thinkers are considered essential, with a focus on the introductory courses that are often mandatory for political science degrees and provide the foundation for the broader discipline. The hope is that these results will provide a stronger foundation for ongoing debates about the status and merits of contemporary political theory training as can be seen in relation to Black Lives Matter, Rhodes Must Fall, and, in Canada, reconciliation efforts between Indigenous and Settler populations. Further, this article suggests that there is little emphasis on uniquely Canadian expressions of political theory at this level—and this likely has implications for the shape of the subfield in the Canadian context.

Making Print Tool Gambir Sap Parallel Slinder System

The problems that exist in the former group are the process of knowing the results of processing gambir sap is still done manually. To print 20 kg of gambier sap, it takes about 5 to 8 hours. Through this service activity, the team wanted to overcome the problem by providing a sap gambir. The purpose of implementing this service activity is to provide a solution to the problems faced by gambier farmers in the process of printing sap gambir. The method of applying science and technology carried out in this activity is to provide introductory theories, demonstrations, and practices. The introductory theory is applicable, namely the introduction of tools, how to use them, their functions and application applications in the field. The realization of the service to the community of Kenagarian Lampanjang Sutera Pesisir Selatan Subdistrict was held on October 6, 2018. The tool that was handed over to the community of Kenagarian Lampanjang Kecamatan Sutera was a unit of a parallel cylinder printer. Application of appropriate technology that is applied to processing gambir leaves must be adjusted to the productivity of printed sap gambir. The amount of gambir sap obtained by gambir farmers will adjust the capacity of the gambir sap. The tool devoted to the community has cylindrical media made with wood media with a thickness of 70 m. The mould cylinder will print the sap of gambir according to the size sold on the market and have a gum pushing media from the mould which serves to release the sap that is in the cylinder mould. This driving media is also made using wood.

Manufacture of Gambir Leaf Press Impac System in Efforts to Increase Productivity of Gambir Farmers

The Hipgampra farmer group has Gambir farming land. The problems that occur in this farmer group have not had a press tool, usually, this farmer group rents gambir leaf processing equipment privately and must pay rent wages which are worth one-third of the proceeds of the sale. Through this service activity, the team wanted to overcome the problem by giving a press tool to process gambir leaves. The purpose of the implementation of this service activity is to provide a solution to the problems faced by gambier women in the process of pressing gambier leaves. The method of applying science and technology carried out in this activity is to provide introductory theories, demonstrations, and practices. The introductory theory is applicable, namely the introduction of tools, how to use them, their functions and application applications in the field. The realization of service to the community of Kenagarian Lampanjang Sutera Pesisir Selatan Subdistrict was held on October 6, 2018. The equipment that was handed over to the community of Kenagarian Lampanjang Subdistrict, Sutera in the form of a unit of a Gambir leaf impact system. Application of appropriate technology that is applied to gambir leaf processing must be adjusted to the productivity of harvested gambier leaves. The number of gambir leaves that can be harvested by gambier farmers will adjust the capacity of the gambir leaf press to be processed. The tool that is devoted to the community has a forging foundation that functions as a place for gambir leaves to be pressed and has a jack stand that will press the gambir leaves to the foundation so that the sap of gambier will come out.

Students’ Competences in Practicums of Various Competencies in Machining Engineering

This study aimed at investigating productive practicums of various competencies and the competences of Machining Engineering department students of Muhammadiyah 1 Bantul Vocational High School. It is a descriptive study which employed both quantitative and qualitative research designs. The practicums of various competencies consisted of seven stages led by two teachers. Those stages are opening, presenting the introductory theory, demonstrating, conducting productive practicums of various competencies, evaluating, giving feedback, and closing. Based on the data analysis, the percentage of students’ response is 70%, and it is categorized as good. The average score of the students’ competences is 81.67, and it is also categorized as good. Finally, the percentage of students’ activity aspect is 90%, and it is also categorized as very good.

Relevansi Kompetensi Mata Pelajaran Produktif dengan Kompetensi Industri Program Keahlian Teknik Kendaraan Ringan

This research is included in the type of qualitative research. This study aims to determine the relevance of productive subject competencies with the industry competency of the Vocational Light Vehicle Engineering Skills program. Overall competencies learned by students in schools are in accordance with the syllabus contained in the light vehicle engineering expertise curriculum that teaches introductory theories for skills lessons, expected attitudes of discipline, responsibility, honesty and high work ethic. Competency of productive subjects of light vehicle engineering in schools is almost all needed in the industrial world. This can be seen from the average results of all competency categories of 89.67%. Infrastructure facilities must always be improved to always keep abreast of technology, so teachers always develop their abilities with training, training and internships in industry. In order to develop students' competencies Learning practices in schools are carried out using standard operating procedures.

An Algorithm for a Matrix-Based Enigma Encoder from a Variation of the Hill Cipher as an Application of 2 × 2 Matrices

We present an algorithm for a matrix-based Enigma-type encoder based on a variation of the Hill Cipher as an application of 2 × 2 matrices. In particular, students will use vector addition and 2 × 2 matrix multiplication by column vectors to simulate a matrix version of the German Enigma Encoding Machine as a basic example of cryptography. The ideal assumed background is a rudimentary familiarity of matrix multiplication and vector addition, but students who have successfully completed introductory linear algebra, number theory, and discrete mathematics will find this example accessible. Making this connection between these two systems provides a rich field for the introduction of the concepts mentioned above.

Análise de políticas educacionais: a abordagem do ciclo de políticas e as contribuições de Pierre Bourdieu

A investigação sobre políticas públicas, de sua formulação a sua implementação, requer considerar os determinantes históricos, econômicos, políticos, sociais e culturais que permeiam a sociedade. Nessa perspectiva, reconhece-se a dimensão do poder simbólico exercido pelos grupos de pressão que definem os contornos que a política vai assumindo. Diante dessas teorizações introdutórias, objetiva-se neste texto uma reflexão que articula os fundamentos da abordagem do Ciclo de Políticas proposta por Stephen Ball e Richard Bowe e as contribuições conceituais de Pierre Bourdieu, para análise dos processos de formulação e implementação das políticas educacionais. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza teórica que evidencia o movimento dialético entre os contextos de influência, de produção de texto e de prática na instauração de uma política pública, e a pertinência dos conceitos de habitus, campo e poder simbólico para analisar a articulação entre tais contextos. Conclui-se que o processo de traduzir políticas em práticas constitui quase uma peça teatral, para a qual se propõe um roteiro, mas cuja realização ocorre quando os sujeitos a representam. Por esse viés, a abordagem do Ciclo de Políticas aponta para a investigação das políticas públicas em seus processos e desdobramentos macro e micro políticos, e os escritos de Pierre Bourdieu, por sua vez, podem contribuir para o desvelamento das ações, discursos, necessidades (legais e institucionais), crenças e valores discordantes, inconsistentes e contraditórios, relações de poder desiguais (de vários tipos), ausências e constrangimentos materiais e contextuais dos atores que estão envolvidos com as políticas nos níveis global e local.

To pump or not to pump when proving non-regularity

The pumping lemma is straightforward to prove and is usually presented in introductory theory classes as the first or even the primary approach for proving non-regularity. However, using the pumpin...

Explaining Lord's Paradox in Introductory Statistical Theory Courses

When two groups are compared in a pre-post study, two different conclusions can be drawn between the two-sample t-test and the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). It is known as Lord's Paradox, and it occurs because the parameter in the two-sample t-test and the parameter of interest in the ANCOVA model are not the same quantity. The difference between the two parameters can be explained by the covariance of linearly combined random variables which is an important topic in introductory statistical theory courses. Lord's paradox is frequently observed in practice, and it is very important for students (future researchers) to have clear understanding of the paradox. The objective of this article is to explain Lord's Paradox using the covariance of linearly combined random variables. The paradox is explained using three scenarios in the context of educational research. The first scenario is when the average baseline (pre-score) is greater in the treatment group than the control group, the second scenario is when the average baseline is lower in the treatment group than the control group, and the third scenario is when the average baseline is same between the two groups by randomization. This article is written at the level of introductory statistical theory courses for undergraduate and graduate statistics students to help understanding the difference between the parameter of interest in the two-sample t-test and the parameter of interest in the ANCOVA model.

IMPLEMENTATION OF PEER TEACHING METHOD TO REDUCE COMPETENCE GAP OF VOCATIONAL STUDENTS

This study aims to describe the implementation, obstacles and benefits of peer teaching methods in machining practice frais course. The method was a descriptive qualitative. The population comprised of semester 1 students of Study Program of Mechanical Engineering Education Faculty of Engineering UNY. Data were collected by observation and interview. Data analysis used interactive model. The results show that this implementation works well with several benefits and obstacles. Benefits: 1) Improving discussion habits and exchanging knowledge to improve learning activities. 2) Provide an active learning experience. 3) Accelerate machining frais competence for high school graduate students. 4) Strengthening machining frais competence for vocational graduate students. 5) Improving students' enthusiasm, teamwork and confidence to do frais work. Obstacles: 1) introductory theory explanation was less conducive because students are listening while standing. 2) WPS discussion during the learning process reduces the practice time allocation. 3) Some students did not use glasses as a safety tool.

Diversity, effort, and cooperation in team-based learning

ABSTRACTStudent and team performance in 17 sections of an introductory microeco-nomic theory course taught using team-based learning are analyzed to determine what measurable characteristics of teams influence team and individual outcomes. Results suggest that team performance is positively influenced by the grade point average of the top individual on the team as well as the percentage of females on the team. While the level of cooperation within a team does not significantly influence team outcomes, it positively influences individual performance by females while having no statistically significant influence on male performance. Individual success also is positively and significantly influenced by gender diversity and individual effort in team activities, as measured by peer evaluations. These results are robust to a variety of measures of gender diversity.

Applying challenge-based learning in the (feminist) communication classroom: Positioning students as knowledgeable change agents

ABSTRACTThis article explores the potential of challenge-based learning (CBL) for feminist pedagogy. In a qualitative case study of an introductory mass communication and social theory course, students were more likely to indicate sophisticated, intersectional understandings of course concepts following the CBL project. Before the CBL project, students spoke tentatively and hypothetically about “making change.” Self-reported ability to take action was defined passively and negatively. In contrast, after the CBL project, students employed positive frames when discussing ability to act, and proposed avenues for action were expanded. The paper concludes with a discussion of how faculty might incorporate CBL.

柳幸広登著『林業立地変動論序説-農林業の経済地理学-』（書評）

柳幸広登著『林業立地変動論序説-農林業の経済地理学-』（書評）

Can Lorentz transformations be determined by the null Michelson-Morley result?

The so-called principle of relativity is able to fix a general coordinate transformation which differs from the standard Lorentzian form only by an unknown speed which cannot in principle be identified with the light speed. Based on a reanalysis of the Michelson-Morley experiment using this extended transformation we show that such unknown speed is analytically determined regardless of the Maxwell equations and conceptual issues related to synchronization procedures, time and causality definitions. Such a result demonstrates in a pedagogical manner that the constancy of the speed of light does not need to be assumed as a basic postulate of the special relativity theory since it can be directly deduced from an optical experiment in combination with the principle of relativity. The approach presented here provides a simple and insightful derivation of the Lorentz transformations appropriated for an introductory special relativity theory course.

Discrete Frames on Finite Dimensional Left Quaternion Hilbert Spaces

An introductory theory of frames on finite dimensional left quaternion Hilbert spaces is demonstrated along the lines of their complex counterpart.