Introduction Stage Research Articles

255. EARLY COST-EFFECTIVENESS MODELLING STUDY COMPARING MINIMALLY INVASIVE TRANSCERVICAL ESOPHAGECTOMY (MICE) AND TRANSTHORACIC MINIMALLY INVASIVE ESOPHAGECTOMY (TMIE) IN OESOPHAGEAL CANCER PATIENTS

Abstract Introduction Minimally Invasive transCervical Esophagectomy (MICE) is a novel transcervical approach to esophagectomy with the possible advantage of decreased pulmonary complications. MICE is in an early stage of introduction in patients which are treated with the McKeown procedure in regular practice. The aim of this study was to provide insight in the potential cost-effectiveness of MICE and its sensitivity to different complications. Methods A decision tree modelled the postoperative outcomes of recurrent laryngeal nerve paresis, anastomotic leakage, pulmonary complications and 30-day mortality. Subsequently, we developed a Markov state transition model to calculate the effects of these input parameters on health outcomes (QALYs) and costs. The results were analysed with a sensitivity analysis and a scenario analysis of a clinical trial of a similar procedure. Results Preventing complications seemed to be effective in reducing hospital costs, but resulted in a limited improvement of health outcomes. Improving 30-day survival demonstrated to have a larger effect on health outcomes. A scenario analysis of data from a clinical trial studying similar procedures resulted in a cost reduction of €2974 and an increase of 0.016 QALYs per patient. Conclusion Reduced healthcare costs and improved health outcomes from reducing complications and 30-day mortality could offset the increased cost of MICE and lead to a cost-effective innovation. We advise close monitoring of short and long term survival outcomes in future studies.

Integrating Technology into Social Work Practice and Study: Needs, Challenges, and Opportunities

This article reveals the views of Japanese and Lithuanian lecturers on the need for technological development in social work and the impact such development can have on the competencies of future social work professionals. 10 qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with lecturers from Lithuania and 8 with lecturers from Japan. The data analysis is based on Moor’s (2008) model of technological revolution, which consists of three stages: 1) introduction stage, 2) permeation stage and 3) power stage. The paper discusses the main categories that emerged from the data analysis: types of technology and their use in social work; personal characteristics, knowledge and skills needed by future social workers to integrate technologies into their practice; and value challenges for future social workers. The study revealed that technology integration in Lithuania is still at the introduction stage. At the theoretical level, there are discussions on the possible paradigmatic changes that the introduction of technology would bring to the social work field, at the practical level there is fragmented research on the impact of technical assistance tools on the quality of services, and in the area of values and ethics, questions about the benefits, risks and challenges of using technology are being addressed. In Japan, there is a deeper integration of technology into social work practice and studies, with more technology-oriented research, the development of the practice of technology use, and consideration of ethical aspects of technology use in practice. Lecturers in both countries fear that the rapid introduction of technology will cause the social work profession to lose its image as a “relational profession”. Furthermore, there are doubts about whether technology will help social work to fulfil its mission of social justice, as the issue of affordability of expensive technology is also raised. The views of the participants reflect concerns about changes in the identity of the social work profession, as seen through the changes in the knowledge, skills and values inherent in the profession, which are generated by the integration of technology and which lead to the idea of an emerging new identity for the profession.

예비과학교사의 온라인 기반 실천적 교수역량의 향상을 위한 학습조력 프로그램의 개발과 적용

Objectives Learning Assistant (LA) program was developed for pre-service science teachers to improve their online-based practical teaching competency to conduct online science classes.
 Methods The online-based teaching competency is defined as instructional design, material development, instructional execution and instructional reflection competency, in order to improve it, LA training course consists of four stages: PCK, planning, practice, and reflection. LA supported course is a science liberal arts class in which learning assistants practice teaching, and consists of the stages of concept introduction, concept understanding, and concept development. The ‘practice’ stage of the LA training course and the ‘concept development’ stage of the LA supported course intersect. 13 students from 2nd-4th grades majoring in physics education and environment education participated as learning assistants, and 24 students from 1st-3rd graders from various majors participated as learners. LA conducted a modified RTOP test based on online. After that, the change in online- based practical teaching capabilities before and after application of the program was analyzed through the corresponding sample t-test.
 Results Since both courses were conducted online for one semester, learning assistants can increase the effectiveness of learning at online teaching context such as online experiment, online evaluation, and online discussion guidance, after learning about PCK and making plans to apply them, they actually helped with learning. As a result of evaluation of the learning assistant's performance using RTOP, it was confirmed that the online-based practical teaching competency improved as the learning assistance experience was accumulated.
 Conclusions This result is significant in that it suggests a new direction in the way of nurturing online teaching competency in the college curriculum for teacher training.

Assessing the influence of energy transition on economic-social growth: the case of China.

In recent years, because of the one-sided interpretation of the nexus between the green & low-carbon energy transition and the high-quality economic-social growth, some over-idealized due-oriented judgments have led to failures in theories or deviations from practices. It is necessary and typical to select the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2010 to 2020 to demonstrate that nexus, since China plays a different role in both climate change and global energy security. This paper defines and measures both the high-quality economic-social growth and the green & low-carbon energy transition efficiency. After analyzing the structure characteristics of energy transition, it also discusses the impact of the transition efficiency on the high-quality growth. The results indicate that the inflection point from quantitative to qualitative change in the regional high-quality growth has not yet arrived, while the developed regions and the developing regions are still grappling with pronounced problems of imbalance and insufficiency. As far as now, the energy transition efficiency in the energy resource centers is much higher than that in the energy load centers. The provinces with a characteristic of energy supply-demand equilibrium have seamlessly shifted from the Introduction stage of green & low-carbon development to the Growth stage. Both the decrease in energy intensity and the increase in renewable share are able to promote high-quality economic-social development obviously; however, the reduction of per capita carbon emission cannot yield the expected positive externality in a short run.

The Implementation of School Literacy Movement in SMP Laboratorium Undiksha Singaraja

This research aimed at how was the school literacy program implemented in SMP Laboratorium Undiksha Singaraja. Mixed-method was used because the data of this research were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. There were six findings showed that the financial resources were getting from BOS fund and book donation. The time resources that students read books around 15 minutes before whilst-activity in the classroom while this school has special schedule in outside classroom that was called happy Friday. The facility resources were library, laboratory rooms, reading corner, and multimedia area in good condition. The processes of implementation were conducted in three stages; introduction stage, implementation stage, and establishment stage. The output measurements were through teachers’ evaluation, checking students’ project, checking students’ performance, students and teachers achievement, checking library visit, and students’ achievement in national exam. Furthermore, the sixth finding showed the impacts of reading motivation and reading habit were in moderate category.

Firm life cycle, asset preferences, and financial performance: Does gender diversity matter?

Objective: This study examines the moderating role of gender diversity in the relationship between asset preferences and firm performance over the firm life cycle. Methods: Panel regression analysis is used to analyse 2008–2019 data of the S&P 500 firms. Results: Results show that gender diversity significantly moderates the relationship between asset preferences and firm performance. Second, this relationship varies across different life cycle stages of the firm. Third, women on board influence this relationship more in the introduction, maturity, and shakeout stages, while female executives have more influence in the introduction and maturity stages. Fourth, gender diversity enhances asset preferences with firm performance but reverses the relationship with many asset categories. Lastly, gender diversity positively moderates firm size relationship with maturity and shakeout stage performance while negatively moderates firm size in the introduction stage. Conclusion: This study has practical implications for firms that diversify their board and management structure to improve performance.

The Implementation of Strengthening Pancasila Student Profile’s Local Wisdom Theme in the Merdeka Curriculum in Elementary School

This research aims to provide an in-depth discussion of the Implementation of Strengthening Pancasila Student Profile's Local Wisdom Themes in the Independent Curriculum in Elementary Schools. This study employs qualitative phenomenology and symbolic interactionism methods to deepen understanding of the implementation of the project to strengthen the Pancasila student profile with a local wisdom theme. Data collection techniques used include interviews, observations, and documentation of the implementation of the local wisdom project. The results of this research indicate that: 1) The implementation of the project to strengthen the Pancasila student profile with a local wisdom theme follows stages of planning, introduction, contextualization, action, reflection, and follow-up. The implementation stages enable students to recognize local wisdom knowledge through the process of each stage, rather than focusing solely on the final outcome. 2) Teachers attribute significance to the local wisdom project as a good and innovative practice in achieving the Pancasila student profile, leading to positive changes in students' social attitudes after project-based learning. 3) In the execution of the project, the school actively contributes to fulfilling the needs of the project activities, including infrastructure, resources, and the requirements of teachers and students, in the implementation of strengthening the Pancasila student profile with a local wisdom theme in elementary schools. Keywords: Strengthening Pancasila Student Profile's, Local wisdom, Elementary School, Independent Curriculum

강독 수업과 연계한 판소리계 소설 교재 제작 및 활용 방안 연구

In the classical novel reading class, which is a major subject of Korean language and literature department and Korean language education department, pansori novels are frequently dealt with. At this time, it is necessary to set the standard of what to select as a reading class textbook among various annotated versions and check the use of textbooks for effective operation of the reading class. These days, annotated versions of classical novels are largely divided into modern translations for general readers and original texts for professional researchers. In the case of the reading class, students begin to read classical novels as general readers at the introduction stage, but ultimately they are aimed at having the ability to decipher original texts as major students. Therefore, it is necessary to utilize modern translations and original texts hierarchically. To do this, first of all, it should be clarified that the essence of the reading of the original text pursued by the reading class is the oral recitation in the community unit, and that the function of oral recitation is in expressing and deepening the emotional response of the audience to classical novels. Next, the class process should be hierarchized so that students who are still unfamiliar with oral recitation can get used to reading aloud by using the familiar silent reading method. At the beginning of the reading class, it is necessary to use the modern translation versions to focus on the contents through the silent reading, but it is necessary to gradually induce the students to experience the rich auditory elements contained in the original text and to increase the utilization of the original text. At the first stage of silent reading, focusing on imagining the emotion and atmosphere of the characters rather than acquiring detailed information is more important so that the result of silent reading can be the basis for coordinating the voice according to the emotional meaning of the scenes in the next stage of oral reading. Finally, the purpose of each step should be reflected in the production of textbooks. The modern translation versions that will be used in the silent reading stage should be able to stimulate the reader’s imagination and emotional responses by containing various image materials and presenting appropriate additional information in the quotations of poems. Based on this, it is necessary for students to reflect on their reading and to activate mutual criticism by making the textbook in the form of an audio file to be used in the oral reading stage of original texts.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Pengolahan Batang Pisang Menjadi Benang Sebagai Bahan Baku Kain dan Industri Kreatif

This community service activity aims to improve the economy of the village community and bring biomaterial research innovation results through the processing of banana stems into yarn as a raw material for cloth and the creative industry. The method of implementing this service used training which consisted of the stages of program introduction, processing of banana stem waste, and commercialization. The partners for this activity were the people in Sidorejo Village, Sukosewu District, Bojonegoro Regency, which are members of youth organizations. The results of this community service activity were analyzed descriptively, and simple banana stem processing positively impacted new knowledge and sources of income. The people of Siderejo village got additional daily income, activities for local economic development, and added value in knowledge, affective, and motor skills.

Firm Life Cycle and Cash Policy

This study aims to examine how the stages of the company's life cycle affect the company's cash policy. This study focuses on the stages of the firm's life cycle which includes the cycle stages of introduction, growth, maturity and shakeout against cash policies adopted by the company. This research is considered important because cash policy is influenced by company characteristics, namely the life cycle in which the determination of the company's life cycle is based on cash flow from operating, investing, and financing activities. This study uses panel data regression with a sample of the companies selected are manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with an observation period from 2014-2019. By using a sample of 90 manufacturing companies, the results prove that the company has a large enough cash balance when the company is in the mature and shakeout cycle stages, while the introduction and growth cycle stages do not prove that the cash balance will be greater or less

주대소리의 교과 통합지도 내용 연구

This study is motivated to make people have a wide range of thoughts of empathizing with Korean life through minyo (folk song) education and further to educate minyo that reflects locality. Accordingly, it examines educational contents utilizing judae sori, a folk song which has been handed down in the Incheon area, selecting an integrated educational method to obtain various information through the subject and develop communication skills.
 The study was conducted as follows. First, it set a learning structure goal, reviewing the concept and necessity of integrated education. Second, it extracted the contents at a level that elementary school students can learn, examining the contents of judae sori . Third, it selected a subject corresponding to the extracted contents of judae sori and set a guidance direction for teaching and learning of judae sori , examining the 2015 revised curriculum. Fourth, it composed the contents of integrated instruction of judae sori and specified the instruction contents through teaching activities.
 The results of the study are as follows. Judae sori includes geographical elements of learning the location and background of the region, cultural and historical elements of learning the background of the era in which the song was sung, ethical elements of learning through the connection between music and labor, and musical elements of learning singing. In elementary schools, these integrated elements of judae sori have a direct relationship with the subjects of society, ethnics, and music, while they can be reconstructed at the teacher's discretion in the subjects of Korean literature and arts according to the contents of the curriculum . It integrates the elements that make up judae sori and the corresponding subjects to select instructional contents, and plans learning activities in the stages of introduction, development, and organization following the set learning structure to design specific instructional contents for judae sori .…

직소(Jigsaw) 모형을 활용한 한국어 읽기 교육 연구

The purpose of this study is to explore the possibility of teaching-learning and verify its effectiveness by applying the Jigsaw model as a new method of Korean reading education.
 The Jigsaw IV model was modified to design a step-by-step procedure applied to Korean reading education. It consisted of six stages: the introduction stage, the original group stage, the expert group stage, the original group stage, the evaluation stage, and the feedback stage.
 In order to experiment on the experience and effectiveness of Jigsaw activities, the fourth week of classes was conducted on 35 Chinese and Japanese. In order to confirm the results of the experiment, data were collected by conducting surveys and interviews. As a result of the analysis, learners’ explanatory ability, understanding, and concentration increased. It also works for interaction and problem-solving skills. Learning motivation and interest have increased, and anxiety about learning can be resolved. In addition, Korean language skills were further improved by adding various activities through classes linked to other areas.
 Through this study, it will be an example of confirming that the Jigsaw model is an effective and applicable teaching-learning technique for Korean reading classes.

CLONAL MICROPROPAGATION OF PAULOWNIA IN VITRO

The purpose of the article – to develop technological methods of clonal micropropagation of paulownia in vitro. Methods. Paulownia plants Paulownia Sieb. et Zucc. were the material for the research. In the course of research, generally accepted methods in plant biotechnology were used. Aseptic work was performed in the laminar box KPG-1. Murashige and Skuga (MS) were used as the basic nutrient medium for the cultivation of isolated buds and micropods. The results. The method of clonal micropropagation based on the culture of isolated apical meristems provides a high reproduction rate, maximum genetic stability and recovery of the resulting regenerating plants. The most effective scheme of sterilization of paulownia is stepwise treatment of plant material with 70% ethanol solution and 1% sodium hypochlorite solution. The yield of sterile explants was 92.5–95.0%, viability – 90.0–97.5%. At the stage of introduction into in vitro culture, the optimal nutrient medium is MS, supplemented with kinetin 1.0 mg/l and GA 0.5 mg/l, at which the reproduction rate was the highest and was 8.7–9.2. At the stage of proper micropropagation, the most intensive proliferation of shoots also occurred on the nutrient medium MS, supplemented with kinetin 1.0 mg/l and GA 0.5 mg/l, which provided the highest reproduction rate – 10.3–12.0. At the stage of rooting of micro-shoots the most optimal was the nutrient medium 1/2 MS, supplemented with a IBА of 0.5 mg/l, at which the frequency of rhizogenesis was 95.0% and formed 5.3–7.8 roots with a length of 78.5–95.2 mm. Stepwise adaptation of plants to in vivo conditions for 40 days in climatic chambers and growing in a greenhouse ensured the yield of seedlings at the level of 85.0–95.0%. Conclusions. On the basis of the carried-out experimental researches methods of clonal micropropagation paulownia in vitro, which are expedient to use for mass production of genetically homogeneous healthy planting material.

"A Debate on the Product Lifecycle Implications and Product Market Behavior"

The product life-cycle marketing approach is a concept that describes the sales and profit margin of a given product category over a prolonged period - from lust to dust. The concept holds that a product's sales and profits change over time in a predictable manner-at least in the four distinct major stages of introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. It is important to understand product life-cycles curves to make the best use of engineering resources. The paper presents figures that characterize various industry products and their lifecycle curves. The amount of development money invested in a product intended for rapid market penetration, for example, is considerably less than for a one destined to a long-term stable, mature market. In this context we illustrate the types of feedback used by engineering during the various stages of product life-cycle. Finally, we consider that engineers responsible for product or process improvement must recognize what phase of the product life-cycle is in to practice the most effective research.

New methods in building design

The study highlights the main aspects of the use of new building design methods using information modeling technologies, considers the practical application of information modeling of objects in the foreign and Russian markets, identifies the main problems of using the information model of a future object in Russia, and suggests scenarios for using modern enterprise-based software. The stages of introduction of modern technologies for designing buildings have been developed, which will improve the quality of project documentation, reduce the time for the implementation of the future construction object.

Export Position of Indonesian Mango Commodities in the International Market (Case Study in Seven Destination Countries)

Indonesian mangoes have an excellent opportunity to participate in the international market, but amid intense competition in the international market, Indonesian mangoes feel unable to compete. This study analyzes trade specialization, comparative advantage, and competitive advantage, as well as Indonesia's position as a mango exporter in the global market. The Trade Specialty Index (TSI) is a method used to analyze trade specialization, while Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) is a method for analyzing comparative advantage, and Export Product Dynamics (EPD) is a method for analyzing competitive advantage and market position for Indonesian mangoes. The study falls under the quantitative category because it uses secondary data in the form of a time series that spans ten years, from 2012 to 2021. The research uses India, Thailand, and Pakistan as comparison countries and Singapore, Malaysia, France, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Spain, and Germany as destination countries. According to the results of the TSI analysis, Indonesian mangoes exhibit trade specialization as importers in five destination countries, except for Malaysia and Singapore. Malaysia and Singapore are in the growth stage, Germany is in the introduction stage, and four other countries are in the import substitution stage. According to the average value of revealed comparative advantage (RCA), only two of the seven destination nations, Malaysia and France, exhibited strong competitiveness for Indonesian mangoes. The Export Product Dynamic (EPD) matrix reveals that Indonesian mangoes are in a retreating position toward the markets of Malaysia and Singapore. At the same time, the other five target countries are in a falling star position. Increasing the value of TSI, RCA, and EPD can be accomplished by improving post-harvest technology to increase production quantity and quality and developing marketing networks.

Improvement of high school students foreign-language skills through development of their lexical minimum

The article highlights the issues of enhancement of high school students` vocabulary in accordance with the requirements of state standards for lexical skills of secondary schools students. Specific features and advantages of project and gaming technologies as effective techniques of improvement of school students foreign language skills are considered and analyzed in the given work. The authors focus on the fact of taking into consideration age peculiarities in the process of acquiring lexical minimum of high school students. The article gives the review of project and gaming learning technologies as effective techniques of development of students` lexical skills, the strategy and ways of their application at foreign language classes. In authors’ opinion project technology will be reasonable to use on the stage of introduction of new lexical units and reflection. They consider the project technology to be a productive learning technology that fosters independence and responsibility of learners, contributes to the improvement of their search and research skills, as well as the establishment of a solid language base. Setting and solution of problems in the framework of project technology work, highly motivate students in improving their foreign language knowledge and skills due to the fact that they are in active and creative collaboration. As far as game technology is concerned they can be used on all three stages of developing learners’ lexical skills

Разработка методики размножения стевии на основе in vitro

Abstract. The purpose of the study is to develop a technology for the production of stevia planting material based on the method of clonal micropropagation and the use of silicon oxide at the stage of adaptation, evaluation of the effectiveness of the influence of silicon oxide in the adaptation of microplants. Methods. Commonly used in the practice of clonal micropropagation of plants were applied. Methods generally accepted in the practice of clonal micropropagation of plants were applied: sterilization of the initial material, introduction into culture in vitro, clonal micropropagation proper, rooting with subsequent adaptation to environmental conditions. The object of the study was stevia: at the stage of introduction into a sterile culture - seeds, at subsequent stages - microcuttings and microplants. At the adaptation stage, silicon oxide was used in the form of a solution of orthophosphoric acid at a concentration of 0.01%. Scientific novelty. The possibility of obtaining microplants at the stage of micropropagation itself, bypassing the stage of rooting, is shown. On the MS medium with epin 0.1 mg/l in combination with indolyl-3-acetic acid (IAA) 0.5 mg/l, high-quality plants of small sizes develop: shoot length on average 5.6 cm, well-formed unfolded leaves and root system, relatively short internodes. Research results. At the stage of introduction into a sterile culture during sterilization with a 33 % hydrogen peroxide solution in an exposure of 8–10 minutes, a high infection of seeds (about 70 %) and their low germination (10 %) were noted, which can be explained by the structure of the seeds and the biology of the species. At the stage of micropropagation itself, the maximum effect was obtained when MS 6-BAP was included in the nutrient medium at a dose of 0.5 mg/l. The combined inclusion of epin growth stimulants with IAA and IMA in the composition of the media contributed to the development of roots by 2.1 points and 1.8 points, respectively, which was at the control level – 1.8 points. On media with cytokinins, the roots were weakly expressed (0.3 points with 6-BAP) or absent (with kinetin), which was a significantly worse result compared to the control. The output of adapted microdenies in the spring amounted to 80 %. However, during the summer landing for adaptation, a decrease in the survival rate of plants was observed. In order to increase the efficiency of adaptation, we used 0.01 % silicon oxide.

Training on writing children's stories with religious moderation insight for children's story writers in Jakarta

The purpose of this activity is to provide an understanding of the insight into the values of religious moderation in stories to writers of children's stories. The method used for this activity is Participatory Action Research (PAR) which goes through the introduction stage, setting goals and objectives, determining children's story training and evaluating the assessment of children's story products with an insight into religious moderation. The results of this activity show that the training participants can understand religious moderation as evidenced by the increased post-test results, participants can present religious moderation material in written stories and participants can produce children's stories with an insight into religious moderation.

The Credit Suisse CoCo wipeout: Facts, misperceptions, and lessons for financial regulation

The Credit Suisse CoCo wipeout: Facts, misperceptions, and lessons for financial regulation