Introduction Of Foreign Technology Research Articles

Independent R and D, Technology Introduction, and Green Growth in China’s Manufacturing

An analysis of not only the effects of independent research and development (R and D), but also of the effects of the introduction of domestic and foreign technology on the growth of green manufacturing, can help China achieve the green transformation of manufacturing. In this paper we first use a non-directional distance function (NDDF) and meta-frontier methods to calculate a green growth index. Then, using 2003 to 2015 manufacturing panel data, we empirically test the effects of three different types of R and D investment on the green growth of China’s manufacturing. The regression results show that there is significant industrial heterogeneity in the effects of independent R and D, in the introduction of domestic technology and in the introduction of foreign technology on the green growth of China’s manufacturing. Independent R and D is conducive to the green growth of the three types of technological industries, but the contribution of independent R and D to green growth has gradually weakened with improvements in industrial technology. Domestic technology introduction is conducive to green growth in low and middle-technology industries, but its effect on high-technology industries is not significant. On the other hand, foreign technology introduction is conducive to the green growth of middle and high-technology industries, but its effect on low-technology industries is not significant.

Direct effect of ownership and technology import: Firm level evidence from large and medium-enterprises in Shanghai

This paper explores the direct effect of ownership and technology imports under the framework of neoclassical economic theory. The econometric analysis is based on panel data from a random sample of large and medium-enterprises in Shanghai, during the period of 1998 to 2003. The results show that Sino-foreign joint ventures, Sino-foreign cooperative enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises (SANZI) enjoy higher labor productivity and total factor productivity (TFP) than domestic enterprises. Intra-firm diffusion of non-codified technology, proxied by ownership, is the main source of their better performance, whereas internally transferred codified technology makes little contribution to TFP. For state-owned enterprises, codified technology imports have significantly raised both labor productivity and TFP, but such positive effect is significantly dependent on the S&T human resource. In contrast, no evidence supports that introduction of foreign technology has enhanced the productivity in domestic nonstate-owned enterprises. The empirical results indicate that SANZI do not have a distinct advantage in their codified technology. In addition, inadequate investment in assimilation process and research and development together with inefficient management of science and technology activities, may impede the use of imported technology.

Plans for Improving the International Competitive Power of Small Industries According to Changes in the Economic Environment

Korean small industries are currently facing a good deal of changes in the economic environment; (a) the industrial environment became more competitive than as ever in that small industries have to compete with foreign industries even for the domestic market; (b) developed countries are turning reluctant to transfer their new technology; (c) rapid economic growth of other developing countries are threatening us; (d) customer needs are becoming more and more individualized and diversified; (e) the regulation of government concerning the contamination of natural environment will be more strict. Because the only way possible to overcome this situation is considered to be technological innovation, many ways in which to enhance the level of our technology are provided and discussed in detail. Due to to consideration of efficiency, introduction of foreign technology is preferred by small industries rather than developing new technology on their own. Many different ways of introducing foreign technology are addressed including licensing, direct investment, co-investment, and venture capital. It is emphasized that small industries should be able to put together its own know-hows and introduced foreign technology in an synergistic manner by which to maximize their international competitive power.

The formation process of Taiwan's IC industry—method of technology transfer

This article studies the formation process of Taiwan 's integrated circuit (IC) industry, which in 1973 consisted of assembly plants only but has since grown to comprise a complete industry infrastructure, including design, mask, fabrication, and assembly capabilities. Taiwan's IC industry was formed in the following way: IC technology, strategically selected by the government, was introduced from RCA of the USA by the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) and then transferred to the industrial sector after being assimilated and improved. This article describes the formation process, including the selection of the IC industry as a target industry, the introduction of foreign technology, the assimilation and improvement of the introduced technology, and the transfer of this technology to local industry. Through a process of introducing, developing and disseminating technology, Taiwan's IC industry was established.

Decision: Reform in Adult Education (1987)

Abstract Promoting adult education is a human resources development with short cycles and quick effects and that calls for a certain amount of funds and investment. Starting this year, adult education will be included in the state budget for revenues and expenditures as an additional item. When making arrangement for education expenditures, local financial departments should also incorporate funds needed for adult education in their budgets and allow the funds to increase as the economy moves forward and regular revenues grow. Enterprises should disburse funds needed for employee education according to a prescribed ratio. In addition, shortfalls can be made up in the following ways: Expenses for technological training involving the development of new technology or research on new products may be disbursed directly as a part of the production cost; expenses for staff training may be disbursed from the retained percentage of profit, surplus from block-grant expenditures, and after-tax profit; training expenses for projects of technological development, introduction of foreign technology, and technological innovation, or projects of optimizing the service of certain products (including expenses for sending employees abroad for advanced training) may be disbursed from the project funding itself. Funds for staff education in enterprises should be handled and disposed of by its educational division under the supervision of financial departments. If there is surplus in the funding that cannot be spent in the same year, the surplus can be carried over to the next year. For small-sized enterprises that cannot afford to offer staff education on their own and enterprises that do not run staff education programs efficiently, the departments in charge can set up concentrated staff education facilities and support such facilities with funds taken from respective staff education expenditures. When planning for either urban community construction or newly built enterprises in the future, we should, at the same time, plan for the construction of basic facilities for adult education and incorporate such projects in the investment plan for infrastructure investment projects. The various ministries and regions should set up a few key adult education bases that are better equipped and of a higher quality. In the area of peasant education, expenses that involve eliminating illiteracy, training of teachers, compiling of textbooks, exchange of experience, activities, and so forth, should all be disbursed from educational expenditures by education departments at different levels. Funds for county-run peasants' secondary specialized schools and peasants technical schools of different specialties and types should be raised by the county people's governments under unified arrangements and according to their respective financial strengths. The departments concerned, however, should lend the local governments certain financial aid. Funds for peasants' cultural and technical schools run by townships (towns) can be drawn as a certain percentage from the rural education surcharge, pooling funds from the people, collecting tuition fees, or launching work-study programs.

China's Introduction of Foreign Technology and External Trade: Analysis and Options

Research Article| May 01 1987 China's Introduction of Foreign Technology and External Trade: Analysis and Options Huang Fangyi Huang Fangyi Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Far Eastern Survey (1958) 27 (5): 577–594. https://doi.org/10.2307/2644857 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Huang Fangyi; China's Introduction of Foreign Technology and External Trade: Analysis and Options. Far Eastern Survey 1 May 1958; 27 (5): 577–594. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2644857 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAsian Survey Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1987 The Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

China's Introduction of Foreign Technology and External Trade: Analysis and Options

Research Article| May 01 1987 China's Introduction of Foreign Technology and External Trade: Analysis and Options Huang Fangyi Huang Fangyi Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Far Eastern Survey (1958) 27 (5): 577–594. https://doi.org/10.2307/2644857 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Huang Fangyi; China's Introduction of Foreign Technology and External Trade: Analysis and Options. Far Eastern Survey 1 May 1958; 27 (5): 577–594. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2644857 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAsian Survey Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1987 The Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

CHANGING CHINESE THINKING ABOUT TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

The year 1978, when China made its decision to adopt on open policy to the outside world, marked a major change in the direction of the debate in that country on the subject of technology transfer. The works published on this subject since then can be roughly divided into two categories in terms of their character: at first, most of them aimed at popularizing the new open policy and emphasized the necessity for it, including the introduction of foreign technology, or discussed practical details such as what kind of technology should be selected for the time being and the way in which it should be introduced, but in 1982 works began to appear that dealt with the subject of technology transfer on the theoretical level from many different angles, those dealing with the future orientation of technology transfer surpassing the others in terms of both quantity and content. The present paper is a survey of the main such works for the purpose of considering recent changes in the Chinese discussion of the introduction of foreign technology, and determining what Chinese policy on this subject is likely to be during the Seventh Five-Year Plan period, which starts in 1986.

Appropriate policies for electronics inIndia*

Abstract This paper outlines the history of the electronics industry in India from its beginning in the 1960s to its present state of development. The Government of India preferred the path of ‘planned development’ and ‘self‐reliance’ in all spheres of activity. This underlying philosophy of the government had a major effect on the direction and rate of growth of the industry. The paper examines the tools which were available to the government to control and regulate the introduction of foreign technology into the country, and explains the reasons behind the government's success, or lack of success, in achieving objectives over the years. The important role played by multinational corporations in the transfer of new technologies to developing countries is highlighted together with the beneficial and adverse effects of such relationships for the host country. Some of the lessons learned from the Indian experience in setting up a new high‐technology industry have many implications for all developing countri...

Mechanical Power and Printing Technology in Pre-World War II Japan

Japanese industrialization relied heavily on changes in the type of power utilized in manufacturing industries.1 That is to say, an increase in power capacity had to accompany growth in capital stock, because a large portion of capitalization consisted of energyconsuming equipment. Furthermore, both the change from manual power to mechanical power and shifts in the type of power tended to promote technological progress. This can be seen generally in the history of Japanese manufacturing from the Meiji era (1868-1911) until World War II. The case in point here is the printing industry. The utilization of mechanical power in the printing industry was characterized either by the direct adoption of steam engines, with no intervening water-power phase and a subsequent rapid transition from steam to electricity, or by the direct adoption of electricity. Hence the impact on production technology of steam power and electrification can be seen much more clearly in printing than in other industries. While this article focuses on a particular industry, its aim is to shed light on patterns of technological progress beyond the realm of printing technology, patterns characteristic of industrial latecomers such as Japan. We will show that in these countries advanced technology was introduced at a relatively early stage of economic development, and older technologies tended to be utilized for a briefer period than in countries which had developed earlier. The development of the printing industry in the Meiji era, a process which relied on the sequential introduction of foreign technologies, contributed to improved communications and con-