Introduction Of Biological Control Agents Research Articles

Lethal effects of Chloropicrin and Vorlex on Phellinus weirii and nine Trichoderma species

AbstractSublethal fumigation followed by introduction of biological control agents may offer a method of controlling laminated root rot [Phellinus weirii (Murr.) Gilb.]. To determine the tolerance of P. weirii and 9 Trichoderma spp. to 2 fumigants, culture tubes containing 47 isolates of these fungi were fumigated for 10 days with 12 concentrations of chloropicrin and Vorlex in sealed glass containers. Considerable variation occurred in tolerance to fumigant among isolates within a species and among species. Isolates of P. weirii, however, were more consistent and were less tolerant to the fumigants than were isolates of the other fungi. In general, isolates of all fungi appeared more tolerant of Vorlex than of chloropicrin.

Integrated pest management techniques in thistle suppression in pastures of North America

SummaryThistles in the genera Carduus, Cirsium, Onopordum, and Silybum of the subtribe Carduinae have been the subjects of considerable research designed for chemical, biological, cultural, and integrated control in the United States. Problems and costs associated with chemical and cultural control techniques stimulated the introduction of biological control agents from many locations in Europe and the Middle East. Although some natural enemies have successfully suppressed thistle infestations, economic losses during the time lags between introduction and effective suppression prompted investigations into integrated control procedures. The rationale, history, and potential direction for thistle suppression has been documented in this manuscript.