Intrinsic Motivation Research Articles

The Application of Case-Based Learning (CBL) Combined with PDCA Cycle in the Clinical Teaching Practice of Breast Ultrasound in Standardized Residency Training

Background: The integration of case-based learning (CBL) with the plan-do-check-act (PDCA) cycle has potential benefits for clinical education, yet its efficacy in ultrasound residency training, particularly for breast ultrasound, requires evaluation. Aim: This study aimed to assess the impact of a combined CBL and PDCA cycle teaching model on the clinical thinking and skills of ultrasound residents compared to traditional teaching methods. Methods: A comparative study was conducted at Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital’s ultrasound medicine base, from August 2020 to June 2023, focusing on residents in training. Sixty-one trainees were randomly divided into two groups: a joint group (n = 31) taught using a PDCA cycle-based model integrated with CBL and a traditional group (n = 30) taught with conventional methods. Both groups underwent a 20-hour course and were subsequently evaluated on theoretical knowledge, clinical thinking, and skills. Comparative statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the performance differences between the two groups. Results: The joint group demonstrated significantly better clinical thinking and skills operation than the traditional group (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between the groups regarding theoretical knowledge (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The combined CBL-PDCA cycle teaching mode significantly enhances the clinical thinking abilities and operational skills of residents in breast ultrasound training. This innovative approach shows promise as an effective educational strategy to foster intrinsic motivation and higher order learning capabilities among ultrasound residents.

INTRINSIC MOTIVATION OF DISTANCE LEARNERS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

As information and communication technologies and learner characteristics in higher education develop, so do distance education methods, which are implemented at various levels by higher education institutions. The involvement of students in the learning process is one of the most crucial factors to consider throughout the distance education application transformation, which might change depending on the conditions. At this point, it can be stated that the intrinsic motivation levels of learners involved in distance learning play a decisive role in participating in learning processes. Therefore, examining the intrinsic motivation levels of distance learners is seen as an element that needs to be emphasized. This justifies the study’s goal, which is to analyze the intrinsic motivation levels of students who get distance education from higher education institutions concerning factors including age, gender, employment, and educational status. The relational survey model, one of the general survey models, was utilized in this study, which included 327 distance learners. In terms of distance education applications, the findings of the study have a guiding nature for the administrators working in higher education institutions. The analyses carried out revealed that there were no significant differences in the intrinsic motivation levels of distance learners according to their gender, employment situation, or level of education. Furthermore, it has been found that as people get older, their intrinsic incentive for learning grows. A list of recommendations based on the data gathered within this study is provided at the end.

Patient Perceptions of Hepatitis C Screening and Diagnosis While in a County Jail.

Prior research in the Santa Clara County (SCC) Jail showed that knowledge of hepatitis C virus (HCV), perception of risk, and perceived coercion impacted participation in routine HCV screening; however, the experiences of patients undergoing screening were not assessed. The purpose of the study was to understand patient perceptions of undergoing routine viral hepatitis screening and receiving a diagnosis of HCV while incarcerated. A qualitative design was employed using semi-structured interviews of individuals newly diagnosed with HCV via routine screening in the SCC Jail between March and November 2023. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Of the 15 participants, most were within the 35 to 44 (47%) and 25 to 34 (40%) age ranges, were White or Caucasian (47%), and all were male. Nine themes emerged: (1) risk perception as a motivator for testing, (2) testing convenience to maintain health, (3) minimal to no prior testing experience, (4) mixed experiences testing in the jail, (5) negative to neutral reactions to HCV diagnosis, (6) intrinsic motivation to get treated, (7) basic HCV knowledge after diagnosis, (8) seamless treatment experience in the jail, and (9) barriers to continuing care upon release. The HCV screening process, including disclosure, education, and treatment initiation, was positively received among participants.

Exploring the Relationship Between Leadership Styles and Employee Motivation in the Context of Contemporary Management

The objective of this research is to examine the relationship between leadership styles and employee motivation in the context of contemporary management. This research employs a literature review approach to analyse various leadership theories, including transformational, transactional, autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire, and servant leadership. Each leadership style is evaluated in relation to employees' intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The findings indicate that transformational and democratic leadership styles have the most significant influence on employees' intrinsic motivation, whereas transactional and autocratic leadership styles emphasize extrinsic motivation. This study contributes to contemporary management literature by providing insights into the importance of tailoring leadership styles to employees' motivational needs to achieve optimal performance.

Can Gratitude Help to Craft Your Career? The Role of Prosocial Motivation and Intrinsic Motivation.

Career crafting offers a new approach for individuals to cope with changing career situations. However, few studies have focused on personality-related antecedents that stably predict career proactivity. Additionally, as individuals' careers are embedded in various social relationships, career crafting involves significant social interaction. Our study focuses on gratitude, which is related to social interaction, suggesting that gratitude fosters an appreciation for interpersonal relationships, providing a beneficial impetus for career crafting. A quantitative approach was adopted with a three-wave survey with 825 responses, and SPSS 26 and Mplus 8.3 were used as the analytical software for confirmatory factor analysis, hierarchical regression analysis, and path analysis. We conducted an empirical examination employing a moderated mediation model grounded in the framework of proactive motivation. The results revealed a positive correlation between gratitude and career crafting, with prosocial motivation mediating this relationship. Simultaneously, intrinsic motivation moderated the relationship between prosocial motivation and career crafting. Our study emphasizes gratitude's role in career crafting and explores how it, along with prosocial motivations, drives proactive behaviors, responding to calls for relational work redesign and examining interactions between intrinsic and prosocial motivations in careers. It has important practical implications for individuals, organizations, and career counselors.

Transformational Leadership and Intrinsic Motivation on Employee Performance in the Mechanical Division of Pt.Astra Internasional (Tbk) Toyota Auto 2000 Bumi Serpong Damai Branch, South Tangerang.

This study examined the impact of transformational leadership and intrinsic motivation on employee performance. A quantitative approach was adopted, employing a saturated sample consisting of all 54 employees. Data analysis involved validity and reliability tests, classical assumption checks, regression analysis, correlation coefficients, coefficients of determination, and hypothesis testing. The results revealed that transformational leadership positively influences employee performance. The regression equation Y = 37.836 + 0.115X1 indicated a weak relationship, with a correlation coefficient of 0.294. The coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.119 suggests that transformational leadership accounts for 11.9% of the variance in employee performance, while other factors explain the remaining 88.1%. Hypothesis testing further supported this relationship, with a calculated t-value of 2.680 exceeding the critical value of 1.675 (p <.05), thus confirming H1. Intrinsic motivation also demonstrated a positive impact on employee performance. This was evident in the regression equation Y = 20.529 + 0.517X2. Hypothesis testing corroborated this finding, with a calculated t-value of 3.164 surpassing the critical value of 1.675 (p <.05). Finally, the combined effect of transformational leadership and intrinsic motivation on employee performance was explored through the regression equation Y = 23.637 + 0.136X1 + 0.582X2. The coefficient of determination for this model was 0.171, indicating that these two factors collectively explain 17.1% of the variance in employee performance. H3 was accepted following an F-test that confirmed its significance (F = 5.265, p <.05).

Impact of Motivational Speech on Psychological Need Satisfaction and Intrinsic Motivation of Young Adults

This study aimed to investigate the impact of motivational speeches on psychological need satisfaction and intrinsic motivation of young adults utilizing a pretest-posttest quasi experiment method. A total of 25 students was selected via non-probability purposive sampling. The study utilized the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS; Chen et al., 2015) and the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI; Ryan & Deci, 2000). Pretest measurements were taken from participants three weeks before and after viewing the motivational video “Formula for Success”. Post-test data was collected to evaluate the impact of the video. The results indicated a significant increase in psychological need satisfaction after the speech and a positive correlation between psychological need satisfaction and intrinsic motivation. No significant differences were found across gender, educational institutions and area of living. This study highlights the importance of motivational speech in increasing intrinsic motivation and psychological wellbeing offering a basis for future educational and motivational research. This study is likely to provide ground work for future studies.

Parental Involvement in Modular Learning Delivery

Providing ongoing support, resources, and clear communication channels can help parents effectively contribute to their child’s learning journey in a modular learning environment. It is in this context that this paper aimed to determine the level of parental involvement in modular learning delivery in a National High School. Data needed for this descriptive study was collected from 260 parent-respondents using a self-made 30–item survey questionnaire that has passed the rigorous tests of validity and reliability. The findings revealed a high level of parental involvement in the modular learning delivery. The same findings were found when respondents were grouped according to age, sex, educational attainment and family income. Subsequent analysis showed no significant difference in the level of parental involvement in modular learning delivery, except when respondents were grouped by education and family income. This study calls for establishing a collaborative partnership between parents, teachers, and students where parents can play a crucial role in cultivating their child’s intrinsic motivation and love for learning. Keywords: Education, parental involvement, modular learning delivery, Negros Oriental, Philippines

Survey of Student’s Physical Education Learning Motivation at SD Negeri 09 Rawamangun during the Pandemic

This study aimed to investigate the motivation levels of students at SDN 09 Rawamangun in the context of physical education during the pandemic. The primary focus was to assess how motivation influenced their engagement with physical education classes delivered remotely. Employing a survey research method, the study utilized a questionnaire as the main instrument for data collection. The sample comprised 70 students from SDN 09 Rawamangun, selected through total sampling, who participated in sports learning activities from home due to pandemic restrictions. The data analysis involved calculating the average response for each statement to gauge the motivation levels. The findings indicated that motivation in physical education was influenced by two main dimensions: intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. For the intrinsic dimension, 53 students (76%) were categorized as having very high motivation, while 17 students (24%) fell into the high motivation category. Conversely, in terms of extrinsic motivation, 32 students (46%) were rated in the very high category, and 38 students (54%) were categorized as having high motivation. These results suggest a strong overall motivation among students, with both intrinsic and extrinsic factors playing significant roles in their engagement with remote physical education.

The Effect of Primary School Children’s Sleeping Habits on School Motivation

Background and Objective The objective of this study was to determine effects of primary school age children’s sleep habits on school motivation.Methods Research data available between February 9, 2024, and April 6, 2024 were collected online. The study group consisted of primary school children. Written with the consent of their parents who voluntarily participated in collecting research data. Socio-demographic data were collected online from 250 primary school children living in Hakkari, Türkiye using, Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI) and Academic Intrinsic Motivation Scale (AIMS). These children were selected with a convenience sampling method, one of the improbable sampling methods. SPSS 26.0 data analysis program was used for statistical analysis of data obtained in the study. Independent sample t-test, anaysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data.Results Of the study group of primary school children, 45.7% were boys and 54.3% were girls. There were significant differences in effects of gender factor on primary school children’s SHI and AIMS sub-dimension scores of achievement requirement, social acceptance, fear of failure, and expertise (p < 0.05).Conclusions Age and class status of primary school children’s sleeping habits can affect school motivation. Gender is a variable that can affect sleep hygiene and school motivation.

Influence of tenure policies on job satisfaction, motivations, and experiences of language teachers in Macau’s higher education

Despite being controversial, teacher tenure policies are understudied, particularly in higher education contexts outside the Western world. Using semi-structured interviews with 15 university faculty members, this study explored how tenure systems influence the teaching practices, motivations, and job satisfaction of language teachers in Macau's universities. It was revealed that Macau implemented competitive, “up or out” tenure policies that were based on research output. Faculty were anxious as vague expectations heightened research priorities over teaching quality and student support. Requirements also strained collegial relationships as faculty goals focused on promotion. Veteran professors demonstrated resilience, maintaining intrinsic motivation despite policies. They advocated improving policies by promoting transparency, balancing workloads, accommodating disciplines, and communicating effectively. Using empirical data, this study identifies key policy implications for supporting teacher motivation while balancing inequality constraints. It provides empirical insight into optimizing tenure for teacher engagement and fulfillment.

The Effect of Online Scenario Based Learning on English Writing Motivation and Self-Efficacy Beliefs of University Students

The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of online scenario-based English writing instruction on the motivation for English writing and self-efficacy beliefs among university students. The research, conducted as action research, involved a group of 14 students enrolled in the English preparatory program at a state university in the Marmara Region of Türkiye during the fall semester of the 2020-2021 academic year. Eight scenario activities were prepared as part of the online scenario-based English writing instruction. Action plans were developed to enhance students’ writing motivation and self-efficacy beliefs. The implementation of the prepared action plans consisted of four cycles and eight weeks. To collect data, the “English Writing Motivation Scale” and the “English Paragraph Writing Self-Efficacy Scale” were used. Dependent groups t-test was applied to compare the mean scores on the same sample group, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used when the data did not exhibit a normal distribution. Quantitative analysis revealed a significant increase in students’ intrinsic motivation to write in English following the online scenario-based English writing instruction. Additionally, it was observed that online scenario-based writing instruction enhanced students’ self-efficacy beliefs in writing in English. These promising results suggest the incorporation of online scenario-based writing activities in English writing instruction.

모바일 게임에서 내적 동기가 플레이어 경험에 미치는 영향 분석: 내러티브 광고의 조절 역할을 중심으로

모바일 게임에서 내적 동기가 플레이어 경험에 미치는 영향 분석: 내러티브 광고의 조절 역할을 중심으로

The Influence of the Coach’s Leadership Strategy on the Motivation and Performance of Volleyball Players in the Pusri Team

This study investigated the effects of different coaching leadership strategies on the motivation and performance of volleyball players in the Pusri team. By employing a mixed-methods approach, the research analyses transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles. Results show that transformational leadership significantly enhances intrinsic motivation and performance, fostering team cohesion and individual development. Transactional leadership, while effective short-term, presents challenges in sustaining long-term motivation due to its reliance on external rewards. Laissez-faire leadership benefits self-motivated players but can negatively impact those needing more guidance. The study concludes that adaptive leadership, tailored to individual and team needs, is crucial for optimizing performance. Recommendations include prioritizing transformational techniques, balanced use of transactional methods, and selective application of laissez-faire strategies. These findings contribute to both theoretical understanding and practical applications in sports leadership.

Secondary vocational education and academic motivation in Sint Maarten

This study investigates the relationship between career and study fair participation and the motivations of Sint Maarten’s secondary vocational students. Using a mixed-method design, data was collected from 98 participants (N = 98) who completed an online survey consisting of the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS). Twenty-one survey participants were subsequently interviewed. Key findings indicated that extrinsic motivation was the highest among participants. The results indicate that a single career fair alone may not be sufficient for improving the intrinsic motivation of students. Future studies should investigate the impact of attending multiple career fairs over a longer period. Overall, the research findings contribute to our understanding of academic motivation and the correlations between career and study fairs and secondary vocational student motivations in Sint Maarten. The findings highlight the importance of improving fair attendance through better promotion and logistical support for students, while also emphasizing the need to address stigmas that affect intrinsic motivation of students. The findings of this study can be particularly useful among policymakers and school leaders in the field of vocational education.

Error management atmosphere, employee career resilience and employee innovation behavior: The mediating role of psychological empowerment

In order to study the specific influence path and mechanism of different dimensions under error management culture on employees' innovation behavior, this paper takes the perception of error management atmosphere and employee career resilience as independent variables, psychological empowerment is taken as intermediary variable, active innovation motivation is taken as the moderating variable of psychological empowerment and employee innovation behavior, and employee innovation behavior is taken as the dependent variable. This paper systematically discusses the multi-dimensional and multi-level relationships among error management culture, employee occupational resilience, psychological empowerment, active innovation motivation and employee innovation behavior. The research finds that by enhancing employees' psychological empowerment, that is, making them feel the meaning, self-efficacy, self-determination and influence of work, enterprises can stimulate employees' intrinsic motivation and encourage them to be more actively involved in innovation activities. This research not only enriches our understanding of how organizational culture shapes the way employees behave, but also reveals the critical role that individual employee traits (such as occupational resilience) and psychological states (such as psychological empowerment) play in the innovation process. This paper provides some suggestions on how to build a culture that encourages innovation and tolerates errors.

Assessing Creativity and User Experience in Immersive Virtual Reality with Cultural Heritage Learning

Virtual reality (VR) technology is widely used in the field of education and cultural heritage learning. However, few studies have focused on the impact on creativity regarding the use of different interaction modalities by users in cultural heritage learning. Furthermore, it is controversial whether VR can enhance user experience and learning outcomes. The study utilized a mixed research approach combining qualitative and quantitative methods, where qualitative data was collected using open-ended interviews, simultaneously quantitative data was collected using learning outcomes, intrinsic motivation, workload, self-report of creativity and expert assessments of creativity. A mixed research approach combining qualitative and quantitative methods was used; creativity self-reports were used to collect qualitative data, and learning outcomes, intrinsic motivation, and workload data were collected for the quantitative findings.90 university students were randomly assigned to the text group (TG), the video group (VG), and the immersive virtual reality group (IVRG), with 30 students in each group. The study assessed whether creativity, user experience and learning outcomes differed when using different interaction modalities in a cultural heritage context. The results demonstrated that the text interaction modality outperformed the other two groups in learning outcomes and expert assessments of creativity performance, while the IVRG performed better in self-report of creativity and user experience. In addition, participants in TG had higher workloads and poorer user experiences compared to the other two interaction modalities. This study encourages that different interaction modalities should be selected more appropriately depending on the purpose. The study found that interaction modalities creativity can be applied to digital cultural heritage and education and informs interaction design for the HCI community.

A moderated mediation approach to deciphering the effects of leader knowledge hiding behaviour in industry 4.0

ABSTRACT Leader knowledge-hiding behaviour (LKHB) has long-term adverse effects on employees and on overall organization performance. Top-down knowledge sharing is vital in Industry 4.0 for employees to acquire essential skills. Grounded in the Conservation of Resources (COR) model, our study presents a moderated mediation model that sheds light on the effects of LKHB. Based on longitudinal data, we found that LKHB leads to job performance decrement and enhances turnover intentions, with LKHB resulting in lower employee intrinsic motivation, underscoring its importance of as a mediating factor. Our findings support the significant influence of enterprise social media (ESM) on the relationship between LKHB and job performance decrement, turnover intentions, and employee phubbing through intrinsic motivation. The study offers new insights into LKHB outcomes and explores underlying reasons thereby broadening COR Theory applications. This research is innovative in its examination of ESM influences on LKHB and suggests strategies to mitigate its detrimental effects.

Effect of a Specific Warm-up based on Oppositional Wrestling Games on The Technical Performance and Mental Health of Physical Education Students

Background and study aim. This study explored the impact of two different specific warm-up protocols (consisting of either opposition games or classical exercises) on technical-tactical performance, intrinsic motivation and stress levels in wrestling schoolchildren. Materials and methods. Sixty-three schoolchildren divided into two parallel groups (specific warm-up opposition game group: EG, n = 18, aged 12.42 ± 0.87 years; and classical specific warm-up group: CG, n = 18, aged 12.41 ± 0.78 years) who completed three 75-minute sessions over four weeks practicing different specific warm-up exercises. Data was analyzed with IBM SPSS to find the normality, mean and standard deviation. A two-factor mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) model with repeated measures was performed to measure differences in mental health and technical-tactical performance for both group. Results. Several results emerged from this study; (i) EG who followed a specific warm-up program based on opposition games performed better in the wrestling test and were able to improve the number of successful leg attack skills, with a significant interaction compared to CG, (ii) EG obtained a better leg attack score due to their quality of execution and (iii) Compared with children in the CG group children in the EG group feel happy and motivated and their stress levels decrease. Conclusion. Wrestling teaching and training specialists should be convinced of the beneficial effects of exercises based on opposition games on students' technical and mental skills.

The Importance of Motivational Interviewing Technique in Providing Breastfeeding Motivation in the Postpartum Period

Breastfeeding is an important period in terms of mother and baby health. In order to benefit from breast milk at the maximum level during the breastfeeding process, it is important for the mother to start breastfeeding as soon as possible after birth and to be able to maintain breastfeeding. In this process, physiological, psychological, social and motivational factors have an effect on the continuity and maintenance of breastfeeding. If the mother experiences any breastfeeding problem during breastfeeding, her motivation to breastfeed may decrease. In recent studies, breastfeeding trainings have been applied with different techniques to encourage mothers to breastfeed during the breastfeeding process, to support them to feel competent and strong in this process and to increase their motivation for breastfeeding, adapted to their individual needs. One of these techniques is the motivational interview technique. Motivational interviewing technique has a supportive role in helping mothers to adapt to the breastfeeding process, to determine their attitudes towards breastfeeding, to address their lack of knowledge about breastfeeding, their concerns about this process, to increase their confidence and intrinsic motivation about breastfeeding, and to continue breastfeeding by helping behaviour change when necessary. In this article, the importance of motivational interviewing technique in providing breastfeeding motivation in the postnatal period is explained.