Intrinsic Orientation Research Articles

Students’ Motivation in Using Quizizz for Assessment

This research aims to analyze the level of students' motivation and the differences in motivation components between male and female students in the academic year 2021. The researcher used the questionnaire as the instrumentation. The researcher used totally sampling to choose the sample. The sample of this research consists of 96 students which are from English education and non-English education study program at Universitas Negeri Padang. In this study, the researcher use quantitative descriptive research as the research design. There were six subcomponents of motivation in this research i.e. intrinsic goal orientation, extrinsic goal orientation, task value, control of learning beliefs, self-efficacy for learning and performance, and task anxiety. The findings of the data analysis showed that students have high motivation levels. Females have a higher motivation level than males. It is shown by the mean score and the standard deviation.

Are Dwarves Protestant? American Religion and “Dungeons & Dragons”

I analyze the ideology of representation of religion in the tabletop role-playing game (TRPG) Dungeons & Dragons. I approach TRPGs as a type of protostory, an interactive set of stories governed by rules which provides affordances to create different stories. Whether a specific story is relatively hard or easy to instantiate from the protostory indicates if this particular instantiation serves as a preferred, negotiated, or oppositional reading of the TRPG rules. Based on an analysis of the dimensions of religion proposed by Ninian Smart, contrasted with Harold Bloom’s idea of American religion, as well as the concept of intrinsic and extrinsic religious orientation, I discuss the similarity between the way Dungeons & Dragons simulates religion, and the traditional understanding of religion in American culture.

Religiosity and well-being among Nigerians: Exploring the mediating role of fatalism

The current study examined how intrinsic and extrinsic religious orientations relate to hedonic and eudaimonic well-being and the mediating role of the dimensions of fatalism among Nigerians. Data were obtained from a survey of young Nigerians aged between 17 and 37 years (female = 53.85%; Christian = 88.72%). Results indicated that intrinsic religiosity and the belief in divine control, a dimension of fatalism, were associated with higher eudaimonic well-being and positive affect. Extrinsic religiosity correlated positively with eudaimonic well-being and negative affect. The belief in divine control also had a significant positive mediation effect on the influence of religiosity on eudaimonic well-being and positive affect for females. These findings are consistent with the view that religiosity and fatalism are social values associated with well-being in the Nigerian culture. One critical implication of these findings for both theory and research is that the idea that extrinsic religiosity and fatalism are detrimental to well-being is not universally tenable.

Cobalt-catalyzed conformationally restricted alkylarylation enables divergent access to Csp3-rich N-heterocycles.

Due to the intrinsic spatial orientation and structural novelty, Csp3-rich N-heterocycles have been recognized as increasingly sought-after scaffolds as compared to the aromatic ring-based moieties, which have generated considerable recent attention in drug discovery. Hence, we disclose a modular cobalt-catalyzed conformationally restricted alkylarylation strategy for the divergent access to Csp3-rich N-hetero(spiro)cycles. Herein, multiple effects, including radical rebound and conformational restriction, play critical roles in the stabilization of the stereospecific alkyl-cobalt-aryl intermediate. Under simple and mild reaction conditions, cobalt catalyst combines a range of polyfunctionalized cyclenyl bromides and organozinc pivalates to rapidly and reliably forge the architecturally complex Csp3-rich N-hetero(spiro)cycles (>70 examples, >20 : 1 dr), including but not limited to the [5,5]-, [5,6]-, [5,7]-, [5,12]-bicycles, tri- and tetracyclic N-heterocycles, as well as various novel N-heterospirocyclic scaffolds in one synthetic operation. Preliminary kinetic investigations suggested that the final reductive elimination might be the rate-determining step. Moreover, ample substrate scope, good functional group compatibility and facile derivatizations to the pharmaceutically active molecules show the potential applications of this technology to organic syntheses and drug discoveries in medicinal chemistry.

The impact of entrepreneurship self-concept, work motivation, and risk taking on human resource department performance and business overall performance at Jordan private universities

The goal of this study was to find out how entrepreneurship self-concept, work motivation, and risk taking on human resource department performance and business overall performance at Jordan private universities. To test the study's assumptions, 311 samples from the research study were taken, looked at, and argued about. Entrepreneurship, self-concept, work motivation, and risk taking were all found to affect the success of both human resource department performance and business overall performance. The first factor was the self-concept, which can be seen in self-esteem, self-image, and self-identity. The second most important factor is work motivation, which includes intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, goal setting and orientation. Risk taking is the third and final important factor. It includes participants' risk tolerance, their perception of risk, and their outcome expectations. The study found that helping employees to understand their job nature and how they can do it, increasing the motivation on job work, and increasing the employees’ demands for taking risks can improve performance ratio in human resource department, and that having an organizational structure that encourages teamwork and work teams can improve the ability to solve problems and improve work performance, which in turn affects overall productivity. This study adds new information to a new area that needs more research to fully understand how workload, work pay, and organizational structure pressures all affect each other. This study's topic, Jordan private universities, is both new and important because it could help scientific private universities to improve how they run and give better education output.

A Study on the Precision Effect of Blended Learning in English Teaching and Learning

Abstract Realizing personalized and precise teaching using traditional English methods is challenging. This paper proposes a blended precision teaching model that relies on student portraits, using technical methods to provide tailored learning resources for every student. A deep neural network is used to extract student features, and the k-means algorithm is used to construct a clustered portrait of students. Based on the student portraits, the similarity between student objects is calculated, and the collaborative filtering method is combined to achieve personalized recommendations for English learning resources. And the learning warning model is established by considering the ranking order relationship when predicting students’ English scores. Setting up the experimental class and the control class to analyze the effect of blended teaching precision, in terms of English scores, the average score of the experimental class is 6.06 points higher than that of the control class, with a significant P-value of less than 0.05, which shows a considerable difference. Its classroom teaching observation dimension score totaled 91.6, students’ classroom performance and teaching effect performed well, English literacy was improved, and the mean values of each satisfaction of emotional experience showed significant differences (P<0.05). The mean values of several dimensions of learning motivation were higher than those of the control class, with highly significant differences in the dimensions of extrinsic goal orientation, learning beliefs, and intrinsic goal orientation (P<0.01).

A vallásosság összefüggései a mentális egészséggel és a jólléttel a Covid-19 világjárvány idején

The Relationship of Religiosity with Mental Health and Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The relationship between religiosity and mental health is a popular area of research in the psychology of religion. A considerable body of research supports the positive effects of religion on both psychological and physical well-being. The present research aimed to explore the links between these areas during the coronavirus pandemic. In our quantitative online study, we analysed data from 2,269 (1,022 men and 1,407 women, mean age 43 years, SD = 16–95 years) healthy individuals aged 16 years and over. A complete test battery was used for the analysis, including the DUREL Religiousness Questionnaire and the PHS-WB General Well-Being Scale, as well as a question on faith in God. Our results show that our dimensions of religiosity: belief in God, institutional and non-institutional religiosity, and intrinsic orientation are positively related to two dimensions of general well-being, mental and social well-being. Those who regularly practise their religion in an institutional setting, report significantly better mental and social well-being than those who are not regular religious practitioners. Keywords: religiosity, institutional religiosity, well-being, mental health, coronavirus

Use of motivational regulation strategies and its relations to motivational beliefs in a college English course context

While motivational regulation strategies (MRSs) both as a core facet of self-regulated learning and as a pedagogical issue have attracted increasing attention from researchers and practitioners, what motivational regulation strategies learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) or English as a second language (ESL) tend to use and how these strategies may be associated with learner motivational beliefs in English learning remain under-researched. To fill this research gap, this study aims to contribute to a holistic understanding of Chinese EFL students’ use of MRSs and its relations to English learning motivational beliefs. Data were collected from 638 non-English major undergraduate students through two self-report questionnaires in a College English Course context. Results showed that students reported high frequency use of performance-enhancement or interest-related strategies while reporting using other types of regulation strategies (e.g. performance-avoidance self-talk) to a lesser extent. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses suggested that among the four types of motivational beliefs investigated in this study, control of learning beliefs, intrinsic goal orientation, and extrinsic goal orientation were the top three most powerful predictors of the students’ use of MRSs in English learning. Pedagogical implications and directions for future research were also discussed.

Hydrogen bond boosts EQEs to 30+% for acridone-carbazole based deep-blue TADF emitters in simple-structure OLEDs

A group of D-A-D type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters were developed with 10-(pyridin-2-yl)acridin-9(10H)-one as acceptor and substituted carbazoles as donors. The design was focused on incorporating pyridyl to the 10-site nitrogen atom of acridin-9(10H)-one ring, which improved the reverse intersystem crossing rate constant kRISC from 103 s−1 to 105 s−1. More importantly, the linkage of pyridyl uniquely from its 2-position to acridin-9(10H)-one ring induced intramolecular hydrogen bond, which suppressed nonradiative transition rates by three to four orders of magnitude and universally increased the photoluminescence quantum yields from 54 % to nearly 100 %. In combination with the intrinsic high horizontal orientation ratios over 90 % of acridin-9(10H)-one based molecules, such pyridyl decoration boosted the external quantum efficiencies of simple-structure deep blue organic light-emitting diodes to 31–33 % with CIEx of 0.15 and CIEy of 0.09 ∼ 0.12, being double of that for hydrogen-bond-free parent emitter and representing the state-of-the-art efficiencies for the deep blue twisted intramolecular charge transfer type TADF materials with CIEy ≤ 0.10 so far. These TADF emitters are comparable with the prevailing multiresonance blue emitters in terms of distinctive efficiencies, but advantageous in much facile syntheses.

The factor structure of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ): new methodological approaches and evidence

BackgroundThe area of self-regulated learning integrates the fields of metacognition and self-regulation and assumes that the student is an active processor of information capable of self-regulating his learning by putting together the cognitive, metacognitive, and motivational components. The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) is a benchmark for the measurement of self-regulated learning. However, the field of study does not show adequate evidence of its structural validity. The vast majority of studies involving this question present serious methodological mistakes, compromising the evidence of validity.ObjectiveOur study investigates the structural validity of MSLQ including all 15 scales and corrects relevant mistakes in the previous studies.MethodWe tested different models through item confirmatory factor analysis in a convenience sample of 670 college students (M = 22.8 years, SD = 5.2) from a public Brazilian university in the technological area. The models with the ML, MLR, MLM and WLMSV estimators.ResultsOnly WLSMV produced models with acceptable fit. The final model has a bi-factor structure with a general factor (self-regulated learning), 15 components as first-order factors, and four broad components as second-order factors. Twelve first-order components, all second-order components and the general factor had acceptable reliability. The components’ elaboration, intrinsic goal orientation and metacognitive self-regulation, did not show acceptable reliability, in terms of McDonald’s omega.ConclusionConsidering the worldwide importance of the MSLQ, we do not recommend the use of the measurement of these components for clinical practice and psychoeducational diagnosis until new studies show that this low reliability only occurs in our sample. Our study shows new evidence, correcting many previous methodological mistakes and producing initial evidence favorable to the factor structure of the MSLQ.

Motivation as a Key Determinant of Academic Achievement of Nursing Students

Background: Motivation empowers one to acquire knowledge and skills necessary for providing compassionate care. It inspires future nurses to overcome challenges, embrace continuous learning, and ultimately become dedicated healthcare professionals.
 Design: A descriptive cross-sectional survey study was conducted at the Skills Labs of the College of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain. 
 Methods: A convenient sample of 126 nursing students reported their motivation towards their academic learning anonymously through electronic form. 
 Results: Results indicated acceptable levels of intrinsic and extrinsic goal orientation (3.38±1.65 and 3.93±1.58), task value (3.94±1.50), control of learning beliefs (3.91±1.20), self-efficacy for learning and performance (3.68±1.63), and test anxiety (3.22±1.41).
 Conclusion: Academics can improve students’ motivation, academic achievement, and self-efficacy by implementing effective teaching strategies, encouraging goal-setting and self-monitoring techniques, reflection, providing resources and support for self-directed learning fostering collaboration, cultivating a supportive learning environment and teamwork among nursing students, and providing constructive feedback.

Intrinsic and extrinsic religious orientation as a moderator of key predictors of romantic relationship commitment

Religious individuals often assume that their beliefs promote strong romantic relationships. Yet the empirical evidence is mixed. To better understand this association, this study examined religious orientation as a moderator within the investment model of commitment. A community sample of 84 couples completed measures on religious orientation and commitment as part of a larger study on romantic relationships. The findings indicate that although both religious motivations promote commitment, they do so differently. Specifically, intrinsic religious orientation buffered the negative effects of dissatisfaction in a relationship; whereas an extrinsic religious orientation attenuated the extent to which alternatives to the relationship influenced commitment. Future research in this area should consider religious orientation, rather than overall religiosity, and examine specific predictors of relationship commitment to provide greater clarity on how religiosity influences romantic relationships. Implications for counseling individuals with religious beliefs are also discussed.

Integrating peer instruction and peer assessment with competency-based four-step approach: effectiveness on wound dressing skill acquisition and motivation among nursing students

BackgroundA student-friendly atmosphere and interactive learning experience enhance students' motivation and skill acquisition. Thus, integrating students' interactive participation in the teacher-led demonstration would add more enthusiasm and motivation. AimTo determine the effect of integrating peer instructions and assessment with competency-based four-step approach on wound dressing skill acquisition and motivation among nursing students. DesignA quasi-experimental, two-group pretest-posttest study was carried out at the skill labs of the College of Health and Sport Sciences. MethodsA convenience sampling of 121 nursing students were assigned to two groups; the control group received the traditional Peyton's 4-Steps-Approach (P4-SA). These steps included (a) demonstration; teacher performed the complete skill without comments or explanation, (b) deconstruction; teacher performed every sub-step slowly with detailed explanation, (c) comprehension; teacher performed the skill for third time, following the student's instructions and explanation of every sub-step, (d) execution; student described and execute the skill step by step simultaneously (n = 59). While the study group received the modified P4-SA approach where peer learning and peer assessment were applied in step 4 (n = 62). ResultsThe study revealed that 71.0% of students in the study group obtained good total percent skills scores immediately after receiving the intervention, compared to 18.6% of those in the control group (p<0.001). Moreover, 93.5% had good total percent scores of skills after eight weeks of the intervention, compared to only 46.6% of those in the control group (p< 0.001). Regarding motivation, students in the study group also reported higher intrinsic and extrinsic goal orientation, task value, self-efficacy for learning and performance, and test anxiety control of learning beliefs. ConclusionsIntegrating a student-centered teaching approach effectively promoted their motivation while performing complex nursing competencies such as wound dressing and facilitating skill acquisition and retention. Therefore, nursing educators could utilize their educational toolkit with various strategies for empowering nursing students' active participation in their learning.

Recommender systems facilitate aesthetic experience accumulation in informal learning environments – a study from China

ABSTRACT Aesthetic literacy originates from rich aesthetic experiences, one of the principal ways people gain such experiences is through arts appreciation. Sixty-seven students participated in 119 art appreciation activities at out-of-school public art venues in China. A digital education platform was used to record students’ appreciation process. A recommender system was used to recommend relevant art knowledge to students. The data obtained were used to analyse the learning characteristics of students in out-of-school art appreciation and the effectiveness of the recommender system in forming aesthetic experiences. The analysis showed that students were satisfied with this learning model, with NPS = 37.313, but their self-regulation was low (k = 0.606) and universal (std = 2.755). The efficiency of the recommender system was significantly associated with several aspects of students’ motivational learning strategies, including intrinsic goal orientation (0.503), task value (0.638), and critical thinking (0.643). Focus group interviews of students with different characteristics revealed that the autonomous and interactive nature of out-of-school art appreciation was the main attraction for students and the recommender system was able to complement and improve students’ art knowledge and broaden their artistic horizons. Overall, in an informal learning environment, the use of an AI recommender system can effectively enable students to form aesthetic experiences.

Generalized Finsler Geometry and the Anisotropic Tearing of Skin

A continuum mechanical theory with foundations in generalized Finsler geometry describes the complex anisotropic behavior of skin. A fiber bundle approach, encompassing total spaces with assigned linear and nonlinear connections, geometrically characterizes evolving configurations of a deformable body with the microstructure. An internal state vector is introduced on each configuration, describing subscale physics. A generalized Finsler metric depends on the position and the state vector, where the latter dependence allows for both the direction (i.e., as in Finsler geometry) and magnitude. Equilibrium equations are derived using a variational method, extending concepts of finite-strain hyperelasticity coupled to phase-field mechanics to generalized Finsler space. For application to skin tearing, state vector components represent microscopic damage processes (e.g., fiber rearrangements and ruptures) in different directions with respect to intrinsic orientations (e.g., parallel or perpendicular to Langer’s lines). Nonlinear potentials, motivated from soft-tissue mechanics and phase-field fracture theories, are assigned with orthotropic material symmetry pertinent to properties of skin. Governing equations are derived for one- and two-dimensional base manifolds. Analytical solutions capture experimental force-stretch data, toughness, and observations on evolving microstructure, in a more geometrically and physically descriptive way than prior phenomenological models.

The impact of head orientation with respect to B0 on diffusion tensor MRI measures.

Diffusion tensor MRI (DT-MRI) remains the most commonly used approach to characterise white matter (WM) anisotropy. However, DT estimates may be affected by tissue orientation w.r.t. due to local gradients and intrinsic orientation dependence induced by the microstructure. This work aimed to investigate whether and how diffusion tensor MRI-derived measures depend on the orientation of the head with respect to the static magnetic field, . By simulating WM as two compartments, we demonstrated that compartmental anisotropy can induce the dependence of diffusion tensor measures on the angle between WM fibres and the magnetic field. In in vivo experiments, reduced radial diffusivity and increased axial diffusivity were observed in white matter fibres perpendicular to compared to those parallel to . Fractional anisotropy varied by up to as a function of the angle between WM fibres and the orientation of the main magnetic field. To conclude, fibre orientation w.r.t. is responsible for up to variance in diffusion tensor measures across the whole brain white matter from all subjects and head orientations. Fibre orientation w.r.t. may introduce additional variance in clinical research studies using diffusion tensor imaging, particularly when it is difficult to control for (e.g., fetal or neonatal imaging, or when the trajectories of fibres change due to, e.g., space occupying lesions).

The Impact of the 5E Learning Model Improved with Concept Maps on Motivation

The examination of students’ motivation towards lessons is an important aspect of educational studies. The constructivist approach significantly impacts the improvement of students’ motivation. The present study aims to examine the use of the 5E learning model with concept maps to support students’ motivation and compare the 5E approach and the classical approach to teaching chemistry in terms of motivational dimensions. The main subject of this study is an assessment of students’ motivation using the 5E learning model, which promotes student-centred teaching. The study was conducted with 100 8th-grade lower secondary school students who attended a school in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) during the spring semester of the 2018/19 school year. The study was conducted with two randomly selected groups: experimental (EG) and control (CG). The lessons of the EG were taught using the 5E Learning Model Improved with Concept Maps, while lessons of the CG were conducted using the current, conventional teaching method. The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) was applied as a data collection tool in the study. Descriptive statistics and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) were used in data analysis. As a result, it was determined that the EG students’ motivation scores showed a significant difference from the CG students’ motivation scores. Furthermore, a significant difference was established between the EG and CG students’ intrinsic goal orientation and test anxiety post-test scores. Although the EG students’ averages for other sub-dimensions were higher than the CG students’ averages, no significant difference was found between the groups.

Profiles and developmental pathways of beginning teachers' intrinsic orientations and their associations with effective teaching behaviour

Prior research has highlighted the importance of intrinsic motivational-affective characteristics in empowering teachers to excel amidst professional complexities. This study sought to move beyond the prevailing focus on cross-sectional relationships between individual motivational-affective factors and specific aspects of effective teaching, seeking to understand their cumulative significance in shaping the longitudinal development of effective teaching. By proposing teachers' intrinsic motivational-affective orientations as profile indicators, this study profiles teachers during their initial two career years. Through surveying and observing 274 Dutch beginning teachers over three data collection waves, the results of latent profile and transition analyses identified two distinct profiles and four developmental pathways. A favorable profile exhibits positive correlations with stimulating learning climate and differentiated instruction. Moreover, the desirable pathways contribute to the development of differentiated instruction, offering valuable insights into sustainable professional growth for beginning teachers. Educational relevant statementThe present study holds significant educational relevance as it contributes to the theoretical understanding of teacher motivation, identity, and professional development. By identifying distinct profiles and developmental pathways of beginning teachers' intrinsic motivational-affective orientations, the study offers valuable guidance for targeted support strategies in teacher education and professional development programs. Furthermore, the recognition of non-linear associations between teachers' intrinsic orientations and specific effective teaching behaviours highlights the importance of cultivating desirable orientations to enhance teachers' capacity for establishing inclusive and stimulating learning environments. In general, this study carries practical implications for school leadership and educational institutions, offering avenues to foster positive and sustainable learning experiences for both teachers and students.

Guilt, Shame, and Religious Ingratiation: The Mediating Role of Prayer and the Moderating Role of Intrinsic Religious Orientation

Emotions are essential in many areas of human life, including religion. Religion can arouse emotions, for example, God’s closeness can be a source of joy and gratitude, while God’s silence can cause anger or disappointment. Furthermore, and vice versa, emotions can affect how people experience or refer to God. This study investigated guilt and shame in relation to prayer and ingratiatory behavior toward God. A moderated mediation model was tested in two samples of Polish adults (Sample 1: n = 321; 53.9% female, mean age = 37.07, and Sample 2: n = 344; 57.0% female, mean age = 37.07) to examine the mediating role of prayer and moderating role of religious orientation in the relationship between guilt and shame with religious ingratiation. The Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale, Religious Ingratiation Scale, Multidimensional Prayer Inventory, and Religious Orientation Scale were used in the study. Guilt and shame positively correlated with religious ingratiation. In both samples, the guilt and shame–religious ingratiation link was mediated through adoration, confession, thanksgiving, supplication, and reception prayer among those low in intrinsic religious orientation.

“The relationship between citizens’ ethical attitude and cultural orientation”

ABSTRACT This study seeks to understand how citizens’ more intrinsic cultural orientations shape their attitudes toward the importance of ethics. Drawing upon the Grid-Group Cultural Theory, we investigate how four different cultural orientations influence citizens’ attitudes toward ethics in distinctive ways. Our multivariate analysis of the survey responses of 1,260 Seoul citizens revealed that strong hierarchs, egalitarians, and individualists are more likely to recognize the importance and necessity of public ethics. Fatalist orientation, however, did not show a statistically significant relationship with the importance and necessity of public ethics. It was individualism that exerted the most significant influence over the importance of ethics in personal life, while the perception of the importance of ethics in the public sector and the necessity for ethics training for public officials were found to be mostly supported by strong hierarchs. We conclude this paper by discussing the theoretical and practical ramifications of these findings.