Fertility of high-producing multiparous lactating dairy cows inseminated with fresh or frozen sex-sorted Y-chromosome bearing semen from Angus bulls.

To evaluate whether maternal intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and artificially sweetened beverages (ASB) affects medically assisted reproduction outcomes (MAR). Prospective cohort study. Fertility centre at an academic hospital. This study includes 612 women who underwent 1572 MAR cycles, including 804 intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles and 768 invitro fertilisation (IVF) cycles. A 131-item food frequency questionnaire assessed women's pretreatment SSB and ASB intake. Live birth per treatment cycle was considered the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included estradiol trigger levels, endometrial thickness, total oocyte yield, fertilisation, implantation, clinical pregnancy, and pregnancy loss probabilities. A total of 112 (18.3%) women did not consume SSB, and 171 (27.9%) did not consume ASB. SSB and ASB intake were unrelated to the likelihood of success in infertility treatment cycles. The adjusted predicted marginal probability (95% CI) of live birth among women in the lowest and highest category of intake of SSBs was 0.41 (0.32, 0.50) and 0.41 (0.34, 0.49) in couples undergoing IVF/ICSI and 0.10 (0.06, 0.17) and 0.11 (0.07, 0.17) in couples undergoing IUI. The corresponding results for the lowest and highest categories of intake of ASB and live birth were 0.40 (0.33, 0.48) and 0.41 (0.33, 0.49) for IVF/ICSI cycles and 0.09 (0.06, 0.15) and 0.08 (0.05, 0.13) for IUI cycles. There were inconsistent associations in secondary analyses focused on intakes of individual beverages. Our findings suggest that, in couples seeking MAR, women's intake of SSB or ASB is unrelated to the likelihood of success in infertility treatment with IUI or IVF.

Parental exposure to CdSe/ZnS QDs affects otolith development and locomotor behavior in rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) offspring.

Meta-analysis of the effects of bovine in vitro embryo production on gene expression.

Predictors of success for human assisted reproduction

Estradiol esters are dispensable in progesterone-based TAI protocols for Bos taurus suckling beef cows.

Improving long-term storage of liquid-preserved bovine semen: Effect of extender, cooling protocol and holding temperature on sperm quality and fertility.

Evaluation of prostaglandin and injectable progesterone in the early postpartum period on uterine health parameters, follicular dynamics, and fertility in beef cattle.

The success of an artificial insemination program in native chickens is largely determined by the quality of liquid semen used during storage. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of diluents containing 30 mM glucose, 30 mM glycine, and a combination of both on the motility and viability of native chicken liquid semen stored at 3-5°C. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments: control, 30 mM glucose, 30 mM glycine, and a combination of 30 mM glucose-glycine, each with five replications. Fresh semen from three native roosters aged 10-14 months was collected using the massage method, then diluted with a Ringer's lactate-egg yolk-based diluent at a ratio of 1:5. Evaluation of spermatozoa motility and viability was carried out daily for three days of storage. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that on the first day, all treatments had motility 75.76-75.85% and viability 87.03-88.32% which were not significantly different (P>0.05). On the second and third days, the 30 mM glycine treatment and combination showed significantly higher motility 42.02-42.20% and 33.19-33.22% respectively, and viability 67.87-67.92% and 57.89-57.90% respectively compared to the control and single glucose. The 30 mM glucose treatment did not show any superiority over the control. It was concluded that 30 mM glycine supplementation, either alone or in combination with glucose, effectively maintained the quality of native chicken liquid semen for up to three days of storage through osmoprotection and antioxidative mechanisms.

Artificial insemination is defined as the process of collecting semen from a male animal and artificially inseminating a female under suitable conditions. Achieving high success in artificial insemination requires a solid understanding of the physiology of both the male and female reproductive systems, comprehension of reproductive endocrinology, and accurate evaluation of sperm parameters. Although artificial insemination is less comm on in poultry than in mammals, it remains an important biotechnological tool in breeding programs and genetic resource preservation through semen storage. Additionally, artificial insemination allows the widespread use of a limited number of superior genetically valuable animals. With the continuous advancement of reproductive biotechnology and technologies, their application in poultry should be expanded and more research conducted. This review provides general information on artificial insemination and spermatological parameters in poultry species.

The aim of the study. To study the incidence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in the clinical practice of a regional infertility treatment center, to perform a comparative analysis of the clinical characteristics of PCOS phenotypes, and to evaluate the results of fertility restoration depending on the phenotype and treatment tactics. Material and methods. The retrospective, single-center, non-randomized study included 1.273 women with ovulation disorders who sought help from a regional infertility diagnostic and treatment center from April 27, 2001, to December 31, 2021. We excluded 297 (23.3%) patients who did not undergo adequate examination and 237 (18.6%) women with combined forms of infertility. Women were divided into 4 types depending on the causes of anovulation according to the FIGO classification: I — anovulation due to hypothalamic pathology (n=32, 4.2%); Type II — anovulation due to pituitary disorders (n=59, 7.7%); Type III — ovarian anovulation (n=118, 15.5%); Type IV — PCOS (n=530, 71.7%). Women classified as PCOS were divided according to the Rotterdam Consensus based on phenotypes. A comparative assessment of the clinical characteristics of the PCOS phenotypes was performed. Reproductive function was monitored depending on the chosen treatment strategy and phenotype. Results. Pregnancy occurred in 317 (59.8%) of 530 women with PCOS. The effectiveness of patient management models, from expectant management to the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART), was determined. During the correction of endocrine-metabolic disorders, pregnancy occurred in 38 (26.4%) of 144 women, after ovulation stimulation — in 104 of 337 (30.9%). Endoscopic ovarian drilling contributed to pregnancy in 48 (47.5%) of 101 women. The overall pregnancy rate without the use of ART was 47.2%. A failed pregnancy within 6-8 months, despite the restoration of ovulation, served as a basis for in vitro fertilization, the pregnancy rate was 57.1%. Intrauterine insemination for endocrine infertility had the lowest success rate—pregnancy occurred in 7 (11.7%) of 60 women. Conclusion. The frequency of polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosis in women seeking treatment at a regional infertility center is consistent with rates in other regions of Russia and internationally. Comprehensive treatment of endocrine and metabolic disorders can be considered as a standalone treatment method, as well as preparation for the next stages of infertility management. Ovulation stimulation is the next step after correction of endocrine and metabolic disorders. Ovarian drilling is a backup method for restoring ovulation. If pregnancy has not occurred within 6—8 months, assisted reproductive technologies are indicated.

The dairy industry contributes significantly to India’s diversified and rapidly emerging economy, generating employment both directly and indirectly while improving the livelihoods of marginal and small-scale milk producers. In many Indian states, dairy cooperatives and private dairies anticipate that this vital sector will continue to strengthen milk production. Various government, financial, technological, and organizational factors—along with social, economic, and personal development indicators—shape the growth of milk production in the country. Several challenges influence milk production in India, including fluctuating milk prices, cattle management practices, per capita income levels, personal development, rural-to-urban migration, shrinking landholdings, labour shortages, delayed payments, and limited awareness regarding optimal resource utilization. A distinct characteristic of the Indian dairy sector is that the majority of production is carried out by small, often unskilled farmers who lack adequate knowledge of the financial dimensions of dairy operations. Despite these challenges, dairy farming holds substantial potential to create new opportunities, stimulate rural development, and evolve into a promising business enterprise. Western Uttar Pradesh stands out as a region with considerable potential for milk production. The presence of both cooperative and private dairies has fostered healthy competition while establishing organized systems for marketing milk to households. These dairies also provide essential technical inputs, including artificial insemination services, veterinary care, and other critical support. Against this backdrop, the present study aims to provide an overview of the economic contribution of milk production in Western Uttar Pradesh, relying exclusively on secondary data sources.

History: Nine, adult, female Boer goats were presented to the University of California, Davis, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital for timed artificial insemination. To synchronize their estrous cycles, the owner gave each doe 7.5 mg dinoprost tromethamine (Lutalyse®) intramuscularly 12 hours prior to presentation and 24 hours prior to removal of the doe’s progesterone controlled intravaginal drug release device (EAZI-BREED™ CIDR®). Approximately 52 hours after prostaglandin administration, one of the does delivered two live kids, one female and one male, without complication. The neonates were unexpectedly premature by approximately two weeks. Both kids exhibited bilateral, smooth swelling at the laryngotracheal junction and generalized alopecia. Both kids were euthanized, and they were sent to the UC Davis Anatomic Pathology Service for necropsy.

The developmental differences between female and male early embryos regarding sex development remain a topic of controversy. This study aims to investigate whether there are significant developmental differences between female and male bovine embryos during in vivo development. The CIDR + FSH + PGF2α + GnRH method was employed to induce superovulation in 20 donor cows. Subsequently, artificial insemination was performed on the donor cows using high-purity X and Y frozen semen, with 10 cows receiving each type of semen. Seven days later, the embryos were flushed from the donor cows. The flushed embryos underwent embryonic sex determination, followed by immunofluorescence analysis to observe proliferation and apoptosis, and finally, RT-PCR was conducted to detect genes associated with proliferation and apoptosis. The results indicated that the sex ratio of embryos obtained through artificial insemination using X/Y semen did not significantly differ based on semen purity (p ≥ 0.05). However, the fluorescence intensity of apoptotic cells in the X-BL group was significantly higher than that in the Y-BL group (p < 0.05). Conversely, the fluorescence intensity of proliferating cells in the X-BL group was significantly lower than that in the Y-BL group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes in the X-BL group were significantly higher compared to the Y-BL group (p < 0.05), while the expression levels of proliferation-related genes in the X-BL group were significantly lower than those in the Y-BL group (p < 0.01). The above results indicate that during in vivo development of bovine early embryos, male embryos develop at a faster rate than female embryos.

Question In broodmares undergoing artificial insemination, is intrauterine fluid development more likely postinsemination with frozen semen compared to insemination with chilled semen? Clinical bottom line Category of research: Incidence. Number and type of study designs reviewed: Three retrospective cohort studies were critically appraised. Strength of evidence: Weak. Outcomes reported: A lower rate of postbreeding intrauterine fluid occurred in mares inseminated with frozen semen compared to chilled semen in two studies, and a higher rate in one study. Conclusion: The evidence available is weak and warrants further research into postbreeding intrauterine fluid rates in mares inseminated with frozen and chilled semen.

Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the detailed pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of women without male partners undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI) compared to women with male partners. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of all patients who completed an IUI cycle from 2017 to 2023. 2414 cycles were included in the study: 149 cycles for women without male partners (including single and lesbian women) and 2265 cycles for women with male partners. Primary outcomes were the rates of clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, and live birth. Secondary outcomes were obstetric complication rates and neonatal outcomes. Results: Women without male partners undergoing IUI were significantly older than the reference cohort (median age 42 years versus 38 years, p < 0.0001). 84.1% of women without male partners did not have a diagnosis of the common causes of female infertility. Both cohorts had similar cycle characteristics and number of IUI cycles until pregnancy and live birth. The mean clinical pregnancy rate per cycle for women without male partners was 11.4% versus 12.5% for the reference group (p = 0.56), and the mean live birth rate was 8.1% versus 8.2% (p = 0.95). Multiple pregnancy, cumulative pregnancy, and clinical miscarriage rates were also similar. Similarities persisted after adjusting for confounders: age, BMI, race, and infertility diagnosis. Importantly, there were no statistically significant differences in obstetric complications (such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes, placental disorders) and neonatal outcomes. Conclusions: Compared to women with male partners undergoing IUI, women without male partners had similar rates of clinical pregnancy (per cycle and cumulative), miscarriage, and live birth; there were no significant differences in obstetric complications or neonatal outcomes.

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains over 20 growth factors and protein molecules that play a role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and regeneration. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of intrauterine PRP injection on women who have experienced recurrent implantation failure (RIF). Methods: The present clinical trial involved 94 patients with RIF who were scheduled for in vitro fertilization (IVF). For the intervention (PRP) group, PRP was injected into the uterus using an intrauterine insemination catheter 24 to 48 hours before embryo transfer. The study then assessed and compared pregnancy rates between the intervention and control groups. Results: This study found no significant baseline differences between the two groups. Endometrial thickness (ET) was comparable, measuring 7.50 ± 0.41 mm in the PRP group and 7.53 ± 0.56 mm in the control group. The PRP group exhibited significantly higher rates of both biochemical and clinical pregnancy. Specifically, the biochemical pregnancy rate was 64.6% (n = 39) in the PRP group compared to 19.6% (n = 9) in the control group (p &lt; 0.001). Similarly, the clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the PRP group at 50% (n = 24) versus 17.4% (n = 8) in the control group (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study reveal that the intrauterine injection of PRP prior to embryo transfer is a safe and affordable intervention that improves the pregnancy rate, with no major adverse effects observed.

Determinants of bovine brucellosis across herds and individuals: A Bayesian meta-analysis.

Improving drone sperm cryopreservation: Investigating cryoprotectant combinations and PVP supplementation.

An overview of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in cattle reproduction and its applications in assisted reproductive technologies.