The idea of the performance of а surgical shunt, connecting the caval blood flow and the pulmonary artery has allowed to create the several operative methods, which have been applied for 50 years in attempts to improve the clinical status and the quality of life of the single ventricle patients. The following modifications of the cavapulmonary anastomosis have been described: 1) the original Glenn`s approach unidirectional end-to-end and end-to-side anastomoses between the pulmonary artery and the superior vena cava; 2) the azygos vein to pulmonary artery connections; 3) the bidirectional superior and inferior cavapulmonary shunts; 4) the right atrial to the pulmonary circulation connections, with or without valves or patches, including the original Fontan`s and Bjork`s procedures; 5) intaraatrial tunnels with the baffle fenestration in various modifications; 6) connections between the inferior vena cava and the pulmonary circulation via extracardiac conduit, made of synthetic or natural tissues; 7) the direct (without a conduit) anastomoses between inferior vena cavae and the pulmonary artery. The complications of the cavapulmonary circulation include pleural effusions, low cardiac output, thromboembolism, arrhythmias, protein-losing enteropathy, plastic bronchitis, pancreatitis, liver cirrhosis, nephropathy with microalbuminuria, phrenic nerve injury and diaphragmatic paralysis, neurocognitive deficits, sepsis. Large-scale clinical trials, experiments are needed to develop the effective clinical strategies and to create the `ideal` cavapulmonary anastomosis. HISTORY OF THE CAVAPULMONARY CIRCULATION Before the invention and the clinical application of the socalled physiological repair univentricular patients were treated using the aorto-pulmonary shunts or the pulmonary banding. The idea of the creation of the cavapulmonary circulation has been transformed and the modifications of the procedures have been improved. Today this concept is applied as the total cavapulmonary connection – the Fontan operation with extracardiac conduit or the intraatrial tunnel, performed in two steps: first – the bidirectional Glenn procedure or the hemi-Fontan operation, second – the extracardiac Fontan or intraatrial tunnel Fontan, respectively (see table 1). The history of the cavapulmonary anastomosis has been reported in details and with similarities by several authors in monographs for Congenital Heart Disease (Stark, De Leval, Tsang, eds.), J. Kirklin`s and B.Barrat Boyes`sCardiac Surgery and in many others. In this paper, the historical events from available original resources, including Russian monographs are described. The Fontan Procedure And Circulation: The History, Modifications, Complications, And Health Issues