Banxia Xiexin Decoction modulates short-chain fatty acid metabolism and mitigates ulcerative colitis by reshaping the intestinal microbiota.

Combined Enterohepatic Toxicity of Polystyrene Microplastics and Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate in Mice: Gut Microbiota-Dependent Synergistic Effects.

Effects of dietary supplementation with distiller grain fermented liquid on growth performance, digestive and antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microbiota in juvenile Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)

Effects of short-term exposure to ferrous sulfate on bioaccumulation, oxidative stress biomarkers, immunity, and intestinal microbiota in Litopenaeus vannamei.

Gypensapogenin I reduces inflammation and modulates gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis by targeting AKT1.

Microbiota-dependent mechanism of Jianpiyifei II in treating experimental virus-induced acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Oral delivery of engineered Lactococcus lactis microcapsules expressing antioxidant enzymes for inflammatory bowel disease: Mechanisms of intestinal barrier repair and microbiota modulation.

Bee propolis for inflammatory bowel disease: A review of its gastroprotective effects, mechanisms, and translation strategies.

Polystyrene microplastics exposure increases the disruption of intestinal barrier integrity and gut microbiota homeostasis during obesity and aging.

Supplementation of Angelica sinensis improves the growth performance, hepatic antioxidant function, and composition of intestinal microbiota in Tan sheep.

Changes of intestinal microbiota and metabolites in Huso dauricus under heat stress and their potential relationship with heat stress resistance

Intestinal gas bubble accumulation is a common phenomenon in bullfrog tadpoles that significantly increases mortality. The manipulation of gut microbiota composition holds potential for therapeutic applications in treating diseases. However, there remains an unexplored avenue in utilizing this manipulation to alleviate intestinal gas accumulation in bullfrog tadpoles. By using histological sectioning, physiological & biochemical assays, and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology, we compared the gut microbiota composition and the physiological characteristics of host between normal tadpoles (ZC) and those with gas bubble accumulation (ZQ). The α-diversity index of gut microbiota did not significantly differ between the two groups ( P > 0.05). ZC and ZQ shared 311 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), with 143 unique OTUs in ZC, and 278 OTUs in ZQ. The tadpole intestines’ major microbes included Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Verrucomicrobiota. Compared with ZC, ZQ exhibited a significantly reduced abundance of Fusobacteria and an increased abundance of Proteobacteria ( P < 0.05). At the genus level, ZQ significantly decreased the levels of Cetobacterium and norank_f__Barnesiellaceae ( P < 0.05), whereas the levels of Citrobacter significantly increased ( P < 0.05). The ZQ tadpoles exhibited damaged gill filaments, enlarged intercellular spaces in the intestinal epithelium, and a significant decrease in goblet cells. The ZQ tadpole liver cells displayed cell enlargement, nuclear displacement towards the periphery, and increased cytoplasmic vacuolisation. Additionally, compared with ZC, ZQ exhibited significantly elevated levels of total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase activity in the liver. In conclusion, intestinal gas bubble accumulation in bullfrog tadpoles leads to changes in gut microbiota structure, with a decrease in beneficial bacteria and an increase in pathogenic bacteria. This disrupts intestinal homeostasis and affects liver health by exacerbating hepatocyte vacuolation and increasing oxidative stress. Our findings provide essential data for monitoring and treating this condition. • Intestinal gas bubble accumulation reduced abundance of Fusobacteriota. • ZQ exhibited significantly decreased levels of Cetobacterium. • Gas bubble accumulation disrupts intestinal homeostasis and impacts liver health.

Cordyceps cicadae polysaccharides ameliorate ulcerative colitis by modulating the gut microbiota and regulating the bile acid/FXR/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Various plant-based products are currently undergoing testing in aquaculture as growth and/or health enhancers for fish, serving as substitutes for chemicals and antibiotics that may be detrimental to animal and consumer well-being. Azadirachtin is a bioactive compound extracted from the Azadirachta indica plant, with great microbicidal and immunostimulant potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary azadirachtin supplementation on the zootechnical performance and health of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in a recirculating aquaculture system. Juvenile tilapia (n=400; mean weight 13.03±0.77g) were randomly distributed into 20 experimental units (EUs) divided into five groups with four replicates each. Over a 45-day period, four groups were given diets containing azadirachtin at concentrations of 20, 70, 120, and 170mgkg-1, while a control (0mgkg-1) group was fed a diet without the compound. At the end of this period, assessments were conducted on growth performance, haematoimmunological parameters, histological conditions of the liver, spleen, kidney, and intestine, as well as analyses of intestinal microbiota, hepatic antioxidant enzymatic activity, and malondialdehyde content. No significant differences were found in growth performance, whereas the inclusion of 170mgkg-1 of azadirachtin resulted in higher antimicrobial activity of fish blood plasma against Aeromonas hydrophila and lower intestinal Streptococcus spp. counts compared to non-supplemented fish. The mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration was significantly lower in fish from the 170mgkg-1 treatment group than in the control group. Conversely, dietary inclusion of azadirachtin adversely affected the structure and overall health of organs, especially the kidney and liver. Malondialdehyde content in the hepatic tissue of Nile tilapia was significantly higher in fish from the 120mgkg-1 treatment than in the 20mgkg-1 treatment and the control group. Fish from the 120 and 170mgkg-1 treatments showed a significant increase in superoxide dismutase activity compared to the control group. Although some beneficial effects on immunity have been observed, such as increased agglutination titre and enhanced antimicrobial activity of fish blood plasma against A. hydrophila, as well as reduced levels of Streptococcus spp. in the intestine, caution is advised when incorporating azadirachtin into the diet of juvenile O. niloticus as it may have the potential to compromise the integrity of tissues in vital organs.

Functional role of aquaporin 3 in osmoregulation, intestinal homeostasis, and antiviral defense in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).

Dietary naringenin reduces high-fat diet-induced liver injury in largemouth bass by regulating intestinal microbiota and activating the ERα/NLRP3 pathway

Steamed garlic attenuates ulcerative colitis in mice by modulating the MAPK signaling pathway and improving intestinal homeostasis.

The gut-lung axis is a crucial bidirectional interaction between intestinal and respiratory microbiota, significantly influencing immune homeostasis. Dysbiosis in these microbial communities has been implicated in various respiratory diseases, including feline asthma. While the gut-lung axis has been extensively studied in humans, its role in feline respiratory pathology remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the gut-lung axis in cats by retrospectively analysing cases of feline respiratory disease with the classification of different patterns, assessing the efficacy of probiotic and nutraceutical interventions, and evaluating their impact on clinical outcomes. Case records of 117 cats diagnosed with respiratory distress from 2020 to 2025 were reviewed retrospectively. Respiratory patterns were classified into five groups: inspiratory, restrictive, obstructive, paradoxical, and panting. Diagnostic evaluation included fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurement, thoracic ultrasonography, radiography, and bioresonance analysis. Treatment regimens were individualised based on respiratory pattern classification, incorporating targeted probiotics and nutraceuticals. Statistical analyses, including logistic regression and non-parametric tests, were conducted to assess treatment efficacy. Treatment success varied across respiratory patterns, with the highest response observed in the paradoxical (80%) and obstructive (76.47%) groups, whereas restrictive respiratory patterns exhibited the lowest response rate (62.79%). The presence of multiple B-lines on lung ultrasound, indicative of pulmonary pathology, was significantly associated with restrictive and obstructive breathing patterns ( P =0.001). Post-treatment FeNO reduction correlated with clinical improvement, supporting the role of gut microbiota modulation in respiratory disease management. This study provides novel evidence supporting the gut-lung axis in feline respiratory diseases. Tailored probiotic and nutraceutical interventions demonstrated potential therapeutic benefits, particularly in obstructive and paradoxical respiratory distress cases. Future studies should explore microbiome profiling and mechanistic pathways to further elucidate the interplay between gut and lung health in veterinary medicine.

Potential contribution of intestinal commensal microbiota to the progression of liver failure.

Phages dominate the human gut virome and are known for their ability to prey on bacteria and shape microbiota. However, their response to diet has only been elucidated using small-scale studies. By integrating a massive meta-analysis of 6932 diet-associated metagenomes with a time-resolved mouse model of a high-fat diet and polysaccharide intake, the impact of diet on the gut virome and phage-bacterial interactions was systematically characterized. Diet types, particularly high-fat and polysaccharide-rich diets, exert the strongest shaping force on the gut virome, enhancing the crosstalk between phages and bacteria. High-fat diets promote changes in phage abundance across a broad taxonomic range, from 34.21% to 50.00%, drive phages of diet-associated bacteria toward a lytic lifestyle, and remarkably enrich auxiliary metabolic genes related to amino acid metabolism. Conversely, fucoidan reversed HFD-induced dysbiosis and enhanced phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer by 8.5-fold relative to the baseline. crAssphages and Parabacteroides phages may be important contributors, broadly supporting horizontal gene transfer and auxiliary metabolism or strengthening phage-host interactions in polysaccharide interventions, including fucoidan supplementation. These findings provide a comprehensive landscape of diet-driven cross-kingdom interactions and phage-mediated gene exchange in the gut, offering new insights into potential strategies for precise nutritional interventions targeting the intestinal microbiota.