Scoping Review of Interventions to Prevent CKD of Unknown Origin in Working Populations.

Rapid urbanization and the algorithmically mediated digital environment have been linked to a "digital pandemic" in youth mental health. As Generation Z transitions from play-based to phone-based childhoods, understanding how digital architecture interacts with urban stressors is critical. This review delineates the socio-neurobiological mechanisms underlying this crisis and proposes a comprehensive multi-tiered public health framework for technology-led intervention. Emerging evidence suggests that attention-optimizing algorithms exploit neurodevelopmental vulnerabilities, intensifying negative affect and maladaptive social comparison. Recent studies link digital immersion to circadian disruption, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation, and systemic low-grade inflammation. Urban stressors - including sensory overload and reduced green space - further sensitize the "social brain," creating an evolutionary mismatch that amplifies algorithmic influence and psychological distress. We define the "digital pandemic" as a population-level phenomenon associated with algorithmic pathogenesis, and propose a "Digital Precision Psychiatry" framework that shifts the clinical paradigm from episodic, subjective observation to continuous, objective management. By utilizing digital phenotyping and Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions (JITAI), this vertically integrated strategy aims to restore bio-psycho-social resilience in youth, turning the digital environment from a source of pathology into a tool for neuroprotection.

Chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction: Mechanisms and integrative Western-Chinese medicine strategies.

Pain duration as a staging variable: A conceptual framework for testing depression-pathway interventions in dementia risk.

Programmed cell death network in cancer drug resistance: A framework for therapeutic intervention.

An analytical framework for policy interventions to improve informal transport services

NCOA4-mediated ferroptosis drives cGAS-STING-dependent inflammation in radiation dermatitis: Protective modulation by Cu-ATSM.

Since 2010, a proliferation of digital tools, such as smartphone apps, have been tested to encourage energy-related behaviour change in European research projects. However, there has been little analysis on the intervention design and the alignment with behaviour change theory. The paper proposes a framework for a standardized taxonomy for better cross-comparison and knowledge transfer between projects, and as a tool for design and replication of interventions. The taxonomy is applied to 29 digital tools from EU-funded research projects and identifies the behaviour change techniques employed and the proposed theory-based mechanisms of action driving behaviour change. The analysis finds a wide diversity in the mechanisms of action, with clustering around motivation, intention, knowledge, feedback processes, social influences, beliefs about capabilities, and behavioural regulation. The techniques for behaviour change used in the analysed cases are found to both align to underlying theories of behaviour change, but also deviate from theory, potentially due to context, resources, or personal experience. While it appears that EU funders have an appetite for digital-based interventions for energy behaviour change, there is little consensus on effective design. Looking forward, a more systematic use of techniques in order to evaluate and improve the impact, cost-effectiveness, and longevity of these approaches seems pertinent to capture the potential value of digital tools for behaviour change. • Taxonomy developed to standardize design and learnings of digital energy behaviour interventions. • Taxonomy was mapped onto 29 European energy-related behaviour change intervention cases from 2010 to 2025. • The use of techniques to activate specific behaviour change mechanisms broadly lacked theory-practice alignment. • Inconsistent taxonomy hinders knowledge transfer and effectiveness evaluation between and beyond EU-funded projects.

The trajectory of depressive and anxiety symptom networks across pregnancy: A large-scale longitudinal study of 41,140 women.

Pregnancy is a critical period characterized by significant physiological, psychological, and lifestyle changes that influence both maternal and fetal health. Adequate nutrition, healthy lifestyle behaviors, and appropriate maternal care during pregnancy are essential for optimal fetal development and for the prevention of pregnancy-related complications. The aim of this study is to highlight the importance of healthy dietary and lifestyle practices during pregnancy and to examine the role of breastfeeding as a key determinant of neonatal health. Additionally, the study proposes a structured nutritional intervention framework that can be implemented within maternity care services to support women during pregnancy and the postpartum period. The analysis emphasizes the importance of balanced nutrition, adequate intake of essential macro- and micronutrients, appropriate physical activity, and the avoidance of harmful behaviors such as smoking and alcohol consumption. The benefits of breastfeeding for both infants and mothers are also highlighted, including enhanced neonatal immune protection, reduced risk of chronic diseases, and improved maternal recovery after childbirth. The proposed intervention framework includes educational sessions, peer-support groups, interdisciplinary collaboration among healthcare professionals, and continuous monitoring of maternal lifestyle behaviors and pregnancy outcomes. These strategies may contribute to improved maternal and neonatal health outcomes by promoting healthier behaviors, reducing pregnancy-related complications, and supporting successful breastfeeding practices. Promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors during pregnancy represents an important public health strategy with long-term benefits for mothers, infants, and population health.

ABSTRACT Family-centred, relationship-focused approaches are central to Australia’s National Best Practice Framework for Early Childhood Intervention (ECI), yet practitioners report low confidence and barriers to embedding relational practice. The Phased Approach to Including a Relational Focus (PAIR) model was developed as an implementation tool. We evaluated implementation outcomes of PAIR-informed training. Three studies were conducted: (1) a two-hour online workshop (n = 215; paired n = 124); (2) six PAIR workshops plus six months of reflective supervision in one ECI service (T1 n = 24; T2 n = 18; T3 n = 11; intention-to-treat); and (3) interviews with clinicians after six online modules (n = 5). Quantitative outcomes were analysed using paired or repeated-measures tests; interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. PAIR and training were perceived as acceptable and appropriate. Knowledge and confidence improved, with the most sustained gains when reflective supervision accompanied training. Adoption increased with training intensity, from behavioural intention to observable role shifts. Interviews highlighted variation in clinicians’ definitions of relational work, suggesting early fidelity vulnerabilities. Feasibility was constrained by short service blocks and limited time for reflection. PAIR is an implementation support for relational ECI; however, training alone is unlikely to sustain adoption. Reflective supervision and organisational strategies are needed to support feasibility and inform hybrid implementation – effectiveness trials.

This study employed a systematic bibliometric analysis to examine how traditional physical exercises (such as wrestling and archery) have been discussed in relation to cultural identity and psychological restoration among ethnic minority cancer patients. A total of 40 core articles indexed in the Web of Science database between 2005 and 2023 were analyzed. The results indicate that research in this area demonstrates clear interdisciplinary characteristics, spanning oncology, sports medicine, and ethnic psychology, with bibliometric indicators suggesting a moderate and growing scholarly presence. Existing literature has primarily focused on mainstream practices such as yoga (27.5%) and Tai Chi/Qigong (12.5%), while empirical research addressing ethnic minority–specific traditional sports remain limited. Across the reviewed studies, traditional physical exercise was commonly discussed as being associated with psychological restoration through two interrelated pathways: physiological regulation (including stress-response modulation related to the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis) and culturally embedded practices that support ethnic belonging and continuity within medical settings. Cultural identity was frequently conceptualized as a theoretically relevant mediating construct, potentially linking participation in culturally meaningful physical activities with reduced psychological distress through enhanced self-efficacy and activation of culturally grounded support networks. As a whole, the findings highlight a persistent gap in culturally adaptable exercise-based interventions within psycho-oncology. Future research should prioritize ethnic group–specific empirical studies, the operationalization of cultural identity as a mediating variable, and the development of integrated physiological–psychological–cultural intervention frameworks to support psychological well-being among ethnic minority cancer patients.

Mood disorders impose substantial physical and psychological burdens globally. Virtual reality (VR)- based psychological interventions have gained attention as a potential approach in this field. However, current research on these interventions for mood disorders remains heterogeneous and lacks a comprehensive synthesis. A scoping review is needed to map the existing evidence, and to identify trends and gaps in this emerging area. This scoping review was to synthesize the existing status of applications about virtual reality-based psychological interventions for mood disorders by examining the characteristics and reported outcomes of included studies. This scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework. We performed systematic searches across seven electronic databases and gray literature sources. The search encompassed all available records from database inception to March 2026, focusing on studies that were about VR-based psychological interventions for mood disorders. 18 studies were included, finding four types of VR-based psychological interventions, namely cognitive-oriented, experiential-oriented, social situation simulation, and psychoeducational tools. Based on user interaction modes, these interventions were classified into immersive interactive and non-interactive categories. Interventions generally included 1-24 sessions (4-90min per session, 1-2 sessions weekly), with the most common being 4-12 sessions of 30-50min each. All studies assessed efficacy, with depressive symptoms and emotion regulation as the most frequent outcomes. 55.6% included feasibility evaluation. User experience feedback highlighted five themes, including interaction design, environmental fidelity, hardware suitability, user experience, and reality transferability. This review identified four intervention types by content and therapeutic orientation and two categories by user interaction modes. VR-based psychological interventions for mood disorders remain at an early stage. Future research should develop standardized intervention frameworks and conduct more high-quality trials across diverse populations to confirm their effectiveness. Not applicable.

Against the backdrop of the digital social transformation, digital technology has emerged as a crucial medium for individuals with disabilities to overcome physical limitations and expand their social participation. However, the digital divide and social exclusion continue to impede their participation effectiveness. This paper adopts group work as an intervention approach. By constructing an intervention framework centered around technology adaptation, capacity enhancement, social support, and participation empowerment, and integrating the current digital literacy status and social participation needs of individuals with disabilities, it explores the practical pathways of group work in bridging the digital divide and stimulating participation motivation. The research reveals that through mechanisms such as peer assistance, situational simulation, and empowerment, group work can effectively improve the digital skills of individuals with disabilities, build supportive networks, and promote their in-depth transformation from digital inclusion to social participation, thus providing practical references for the innovation of social work services for individuals with disabilities in the digital age.

The meta-analysis integrates transcriptomic data from two independent datasets (GSE8732 and GSE84554) to elucidateMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)'s transcriptional response to iron limitation, a key host defense mechanism. The study identifies a core set of consistently differentially expressed genes (DEGs) critical forMtb's survival under iron-restricted conditions. Key upregulated genes include those involved in siderophore biosynthesis (mbtA,mbtB,mbtE,mbtI), which are essential for iron acquisition, and components of the ESX secretion system (esxG,esxH,esxR,esxS), linking iron scavenging to virulence. Additionally, PE/PPE family genes (PPE37,PE5), implicated in immune evasion, were consistently upregulated, suggesting their role in host-pathogen interactions during iron scarcity. Conversely, downregulated genes included iron storage proteins (bfrA), regulatory factors (ideR,sigB,rpoC), and metabolic enzymes (aspC,frdA), reflecting a strategic shift away from iron-dependent processes to conserve resources. Temporal analysis revealed a dynamic adaptation process: early-phase responses prioritized iron acquisition, while prolonged starvation induced metabolic restructuring (e.g., upregulation offadD33,kasB) and stress responses (grpE). The iron-dependent regulator IdeR emerged as a central player, derepressing iron acquisition genes under low iron but also revealing additional regulatory layers. The consistent DEGs across datasets validate their biological significance and highlight potential therapeutic targets, such as siderophore biosynthesis and ESX systems, to disruptMtb's adaptation during infection. This study advances insights intoMtb's pathogenicity and survival strategies under host-imposed iron restriction, offering a framework for novel anti-tuberculosis interventions.

College students encounter a wide range of academic and non-academic challenges that significantly influence their academic performance and overall well-being. This study determined the needs and problems encountered among college students in a higher education institution. A descriptive–quantitative research design was employed using a researcher-made questionnaire administered to 1,390 randomly selected respondents across different colleges. Findings revealed that students have high demands for academic support such as access to learning resources, instructional guidance, and technological facilities. Moreover, non-academic needs including financial assistance, mental health services, and a secure learning environment were also identified as essential. The results further showed that students commonly experience adjustment difficulties, financial constraints, and learning anxiety. Statistical analysis indicated no significant differences in students’ needs when grouped according to most demographic variables. The findings serve as a basis for developing an institutional intervention framework to enhance student support services.

Autistic individuals experience disproportionately high rates of co-occurring mental health conditions, including anxiety, depression, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other psychiatric difficulties, which substantially affect psychosocial functioning and quality of life across the lifespan. These mental health challenges do not arise in isolation but emerge through complex interactions between core autistic characteristics and cumulative psychosocial risk factors such as emotion dysregulation, social exclusion, environmental stress and limited systemic support. Despite growing recognition of these challenges, existing intervention approaches remain fragmented, predominantly symptom-focused and insufficiently responsive to contextual and neurodiversity-related needs. This review critically synthesises contemporary literature on psychosocial risks and intervention gaps associated with autism and co-occurring mental health conditions. The synthesis identifies persistent challenges in assessment practices, service accessibility, workforce preparedness and equity, alongside limited integration of emotion regulation, executive functioning and environmental adaptation within intervention frameworks. Evidence further indicates that community-based supports, transitional care pathways and integrated mental health provision within educational and vocational settings remain underdeveloped, contributing to discontinuities in care and suboptimal outcomes. In response, this article proposes a conceptual psychosocial intervention framework that conceptualises mental health difficulties in autism as outcomes of dynamic interactions across individual, relational and systemic levels. Psychosocial interventions are framed as buffering mechanisms that mitigate cumulative risk and promote adaptive functioning when implemented holistically and contextually. Addressing these priorities is essential to improving mental health outcomes, enhancing social inclusion and supporting life participation for autistic individuals with co-occurring mental health conditions.

Individuals of African ancestry carrying APOL1 (apolipoprotein L1) high-risk genotypes face a markedly increased risk of kidney failure, yet tools to identify those individuals likely to progress to chronic kidney disease are lacking. Here we profiled plasma proteomes of 851 Penn Medicine BioBank participants of African ancestry (285 males and 566 females) with APOL1 high-risk genotypes and preserved estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (≥60 ml min-1 1.73 m-2). Using elastic net Cox regression adjusted for age, sex, eGFR and albuminuria, we derived a nine-protein APOL1 Proteomic Risk Score (APRS) that predicts a composite outcome of ≥40% eGFR decline, kidney failure or death. APRS achieved a time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (tAUC) of 86.5%, outperforming the Kidney Failure Risk Equation (66.1%) and polygenic risk scores, with 10-year event rates of 62.5% versus 3.3% across risk quintiles. External validation in Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities and UK Biobank cohorts confirmed robust accuracy (tAUC 82-85%) and consistent performance across demographic and clinical subgroups. Plasma levels of APRS component proteins correlated with kidney tissue fibrosis and tubular injury pathways, indicating strong biological plausibility. By enabling early and accurate prediction of disease progression in APOL1 high-risk individuals, APRS bridges the gap between genetic susceptibility and clinical translation. This scalable and biologically informed approach provides a precision medicine framework for early intervention and may accelerate development of APOL1-targeted therapies to reduce kidney disease disparities.

Given the persistent social communication challenges faced by children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the need to integrate play into peer-mediated intervention (PMI) frameworks within general education settings, this systematic review synthesizes evidence on the effects of play-based peer-mediated interventions (PB-PMI) on social, play, behavioural, and mental health outcomes in children with ASD. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of Scopus, Web of Science, and ERIC databases (2016–2025) identified 19 studies. Findings revealed that 89.47% of studies reported improved social communication, 42.11% documented gains in play skills, and 31.58% reported benefits in behavioural regulation and mental health. Intervention effects were moderated by age, language ability, cognitive level, and co-occurring conditions. However, only 58% of studies reported intervention fidelity, 37% assessed social validity, and 63% evaluated generalisation or maintenance with limited depth.

The Gezira Scheme—one of the world’s largest gravity‑fed irrigation systems—faces chronic water‑timing failures, seasonal credit shortages, and labour constraints that destabilize its official crop rotation and generate large fluctuations in total net return. Although the rotation is fixed on paper, farmers’ actual rotation has become dynamic, reactive, and constraint‑driven, especially after the 2005 Gezira Act. Using 50 years of data, this study applies a Vector Autoregression (VAR) with an Error Correction Model (ECM) to quantify the dynamic interactions among crop areas (cotton, wheat, sorghum, groundnuts) and total net return. The Error Correction Term captures how quickly the system returns to long‑run equilibrium after water shortages, rainfall variability, price changes, or labour constraints shocks. Results show that the production system is highly sensitive to water timing, with cotton and wheat acting as the main sources of volatility, sorghum functioning as a stabilizing buffer crop, and groundnuts responding opportunistically to liquidity stress. A central structural finding is that only about 25% of the scheme can be irrigated simultaneously due to long‑term deterioration of conveyance capacity, forcing staggered irrigation cycles and chronic timing failures. Small shocks to water, finance, or labour trigger large behavioural adjustments, causing short‑run volatility and long‑run disequilibrium. Shifting irrigation from push to pull system at the minor and field canal levels—while maintaining the 25% simultaneous‑irrigation constraint—creates a demand‑driven water delivery regime that dramatically reduces water stress and timing failures, stabilizes crop choices, and improves both short‑run and long‑run system performance. This intervention with digital transformation aligns directly with VAR-ECM findings showing water as the primary driver of volatility and offers a practical, resilience‑engineering pathway to restore stability and predictability in the Gezira Scheme. The study proposes a resilience‑engineering intervention framework—including downstream pull‑system irrigation at minor and field canal levels, Bt cotton adoption, reducing cotton area to save water, predictable seasonal finance, and mechanization—to restore system stability and improve water use efficiency. VAR-ECM stability tests confirm that these interventions directly address the structural drivers of volatility. This study provides the first dynamic econometric assessment of the Gezira Scheme’s production system, quantifies crop‑specific roles in system sensitivity and stability, identifies water‑timing constraints as the dominant behavioural driver of rotation deviations. Significant contribution of the study is using econometric model for analyzing short‑run adjustments and long‑run equilibrium relationships in Gezira production system and introduces a novel integration of resilience‑engineering interventions within a VAR-ECM framework to guide sustainable transformation of large‑scale irrigation systems.