Injections have been linked to feline sarcomas (feline injection-site sarcoma; FISS) and cutaneous lymphomas (cutaneous lymphoma at injection site; CLIS). Both tumors often exhibit lymphoplasmacytic inflammation ascribed to injected immunogenic material. CLIS is hypothesized to emerge from transformation and clonal expansion of lymphoid cells following persistent immune stimulation with feline leukemia virus (FeLV) reactivation and transformation. To further study whether the lymphocytic infiltrates associated with FISS can represent a suitable niche for the development of CLIS, 34 cases of FISS were examined. Lymphoid cell phenotypes were assessed using CD3 and CD79 immunohistochemistry. For cases with prominent inflammation, FeLV p27 and gp70 immunohistochemistry and PCR for antigen receptor rearrangements were performed. Male domestic shorthair cats predominated. The mean age was 12.2 years (range: 5-17 years). FISS developed in thoracic (8/34, 24%), flank (7/34, 21%), and interscapular (5/34, 15%) regions. Similar proportions of B and T lymphocytes were found in 11/34 (32%) cases; T-cells predominated in 12/34 (35%) cases, and B-cells predominated in 11/34 (32%). At least one FeLV antigen was expressed in lymphoid infiltrates in 10/18 cases (55%), and in neoplastic fibroblasts in 8/18 cases (44%), while both FeLV proteins were expressed in neoplastic cells in 3/18 cases (17%). One cat had clonal T-cell receptor-gamma and was diagnosed with concurrent FISS and CLIS. This case lacked FeLV expression. FeLV amplification from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material was unsuccessful. The expression of FeLV p27 and/or gp70 in neoplastic spindle cells and lymphoid infiltrates raises the possibility of FeLV involvement in the tumorigenesis of FISS and CLISs.

Abstract Diabetes mellitus is associated with impaired thermoregulation, yet the extent of these alterations remains insufficiently understood. This study aims to evaluate changes in surface body temperature in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice using infrared thermography, a non-invasive technique for assessing body temperature regulation. Experimental studies were conducted on male BALB/c mice. Type 1 diabetes was induced with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (150 mg/kg). Infrared imaging was performed 20 days after streptozotocin injection at 11:00 AM (light phase) and 7:00 PM (transition to the dark phase). The analysis focused on key body regions, including the head, interscapular area, and tail base. The results revealed a significant reduction in surface body temperature in diabetic mice compared to controls at both time points, with a more pronounced decrease observed in the evening. The interscapular region exhibited lower surface temperatures in diabetic mice, suggesting impaired thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. Additionally, reduced tail base temperature indicated increased vasoconstriction, further supporting the hypothesis of compromised thermoregulation. These findings highlight the impact of diabetes on body temperature regulation and suggest a potential circadian component to these alterations. The study underscores the utility of infrared thermography as a valuable method for assessing thermoregulatory dysfunction in metabolic disorders. Future research should explore the progression of these temperature changes over time and their response to different environmental conditions and pharmacological interventions.

Introduction. Chronic systemic inflammation (CSI) is a pathologic process that significantly worsens the life prognosis of patients. The need for a detailed study of the pathogenesis of this condition and testing new approaches to its treatment requires the creation of reproducible experimental models. The aim of the study was to develop a representative experimental model of CSI in rats using repeated subcutaneous administration of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). Materials and Methods. Twenty male Wistar stock rats divided into CFA (n = 10) and control (n = 10) groups and were used in the experiment. Animals of the experimental group were injected with CFA subcutaneously in the interscapular region twice with an interval of 2 weeks (0.1 ml/kg). The control group was injected with saline solution according to the same protocol. Body weight was assessed weekly. Clinical blood analysis was performed before modeling and on days 7 and 21. At the end of the study, spleen mass index (SMI) was detected and tissue histologic picture was evaluated. Results. A decrease in the rate of body weight gain was observed in animals from the CFA group. In the same group, a statistically significant increase in the total number of leukocytes, lymphocytes and IMC (p < 0.05), a decrease in the level of erythrocytes and hemoglobin, as well as histological signs of inflammatory infiltration in the lungs and hyperplasia of the lymphoid tissue of the spleen were revealed. Conclusions. Repeated subcutaneous administration of CFA induces mild but stable systemic immune activation without pronounced local damage. The obtained model of CSF is reproducible and can be used in preclinical studies of chronic inflammation.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN 2A) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the co-existence of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), pheochromocytoma, and, less commonly, primary hyperparathyroidism. Here we present a case of a 43-year-old female who presented with recurrent hyperadrenergic spells along with sustained hypertension, bilateral loin pain, and unintentional weight loss for 1 year. Physical examination revealed thyromegaly and hyperpigmented patches in the interscapular region. Laboratory investigations showed elevated 24-hour urinary fractionated metanephrine, raised serum calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen, along with a normal serum calcium profile. A CT scan of the adrenal gland was suggestive of bilateral adrenal pheochromocytoma. Ultrasound of the thyroid gland demonstrated bilateral neoplastic nodules in both lobes of the thyroid gland. A provisional diagnosis of MEN 2A was made. Bilateral adrenalectomy was done, followed by total thyroidectomy with prophylactic central lymph node dissection. Her postoperative evolution was favourable. She is currently maintained on appropriate hormone replacement therapy. Genetic counseling was done, and family screening was advised. This case highlights the importance of early detection and timely surgical intervention in MEN 2A, which are pivotal for improving outcomes and enabling preventive family screening. [J Assoc Clin Endocrinol Diabetol Bangladesh, 2025;4(Suppl 1): S55]

Interobserver concordance analysis for the evaluation of internal rotation with elbow at the side during shoulder clinical examination.

ObjectivesHistorically, vaccines have been administered in the dorsal interscapular region of cats (the 'scruff' of the neck) owing to easy access to the subcutaneous space. In response to concerns about sarcomas developing at injection sites (feline injection site sarcomas [FISSs]), and a possible association between feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) vaccination and the development of FISS, alternative FeLV vaccination sites such as the distal left hindlimb and tail have been proposed by influential vaccination bodies and various key opinion leaders. There is a dearth of evidence, however, to demonstrate the development of a comparable immune response after FeLV vaccination in these sites.MethodsThis field study was undertaken to investigate the FeLV anti-surface unit (SU) antibody response in FeLV-uninfected cats inoculated with one of three different FeLV vaccines (Fel-O-Vax 5, Fel-O-Vax Lv-K or Leucogen FeLV), administered in one of three different anatomical locations ('scruff', left distal hindlimb or tail). Kittens were sampled at three different time points, 1 month apart (T0, T1, T2) and again 12 months later (T12). Testing with a published anti-SU ELISA to detect FeLV-A and FeLV-B antibody responses to vaccination was performed. Antigen p27 testing, PCR testing to detect FeLV proviral DNA and neutralising antibody (NAb) testing to identify any FeLV-infected or FeLV-exposed animals were also performed.ResultsA total of 125 kittens were recruited and allocated into one of nine vaccine groups, with 105 kittens completing the initial course of vaccinations and blood draws, and 83 cats returning for T12 sampling. No progressive or regressive FeLV infections were detected in the entire kitten or adult cohorts. A total of 14 (11%) kittens and two (2%) adults tested FeLV NAb-positive. Females had higher (approximately 1.6-fold) post-vaccinal FeLV-A and FeLV-B antibody concentrations compared with males (P = 0.003 and 0.009, respectively). An anamnestic response ('booster' effect) was observed, with FeLV-A and FeLV-B antibody levels higher at T2 (day 56) after two primary vaccine doses than at T1 (day 28) after one dose (P = 0.004 and P <0.001, respectively). No biologically significant differences in FeLV antibody concentrations were found between the different sites of vaccination or vaccine formulations. Tail injections produced fewer vaccine 'non-responders' against FeLV-A at T2 than scruff and hindlimb vaccination (P = 0.020), possibly because tail injections were actually intramuscular, due to a lack of subcutaneous space in the tail.Conclusions and relevanceFeLV vaccines can be administered in the scruff, left hindlimb or tail of cats, with comparable antibody responses observed across all sites. This result will assist veterinarians in making evidence-based recommendations about possible sites for FeLV vaccinations.

Fat grafts are frequently used for tissue augmentation, scar regeneration, shaping of body contours and body rejuvenation. However one of the biggest disadvantages of fat grafting is unpredictable graft loss. According to studies, graft resorption occurs at varying rates after autologous fat graft applications. To increase adipocyte viability in autologous fat grafts, many studies have been conducted, but there is no accepted study yet. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is known to increase autologous fat graft survival by increasing neovascularization. We hypothesized that preconditioning the recipient area with EGF might improve fat graft survival. A total of 24 Wistar Albino rats were divided into 3 groups of 8 animals each. In each rat, 0.5 g fat excised from the right inguinal region was implanted into the subcutaneous pouch in the interscapular region. In the control group fat grafts were implanted without any other procedure. 0.5 mL of saline was injected into the recipient site 1 week before in the sham group, and 0.5 mL of 7.5 µg EGF was injected in the study group. Two months after fat injections, fat grafts were excised for histopathological examination. No significant statistical difference was found between the 3 groups in terms of weight, inflammation, cyst-vacuole formation and normal fat percentages. Fibrosis and necrosis in fat grafts were found more in the experimental group while vascular density was less. According to these results, preconditioning with EGF did not improve fat graft survival. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Background:Prompt and precise bilirubin assessment is critical for the appropriate intervention in neonatal jaundice management. Various healthcare settings have adopted transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) devices for this purpose. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between TcB readings obtained from five distinct body regions and total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels.Materials and Methods:The research encompassed 202 neonates exhibiting clinical signs of jaundice, admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and general wards of Beheshti Hospital in Isfahan. The cohort included neonates of both genders with a gestational age of 30 weeks or more. Measurements of TcB were performed using the MBJ20 jaundice detector probe on the forehead, sternum, auricle, wrist, and interscapular region, and these were then compared with the TSB levels.Results:The study included a balanced sample of 202 newborns, with an equal distribution between males and females. The mean gestational age was 34.19 ± 2.63 weeks; the average birth weight was 2083 ± 692.18 grams, and the TSB level was 9.95 ± 2.68 mg/dl. The findings revealed a robust, direct, and meaningful correlation between the TcB and TSB levels across all the sites examined. Notably, the correlation was statistically more pronounced at the sternum and forehead.Conclusion:The study confirms that noninvasive TcB assessment at two specific sites—the sternum and forehead—using the MBJ20 bilirubinometer, provides significant congruence with the TSB levels determined by clinical laboratory techniques in both term and preterm neonates. Measurements at the sternum are marginally more precise than those at the forehead.

BackgroundOnchocerca lupi is a zoonotic, vector-borne filarioid nematode that mainly infects wild and domestic canids in the Southwestern USA, Europe, Asia, and Africa. Clinical canine infections are associated with ocular disease, characterized by the presence of nodules and conjunctivitis. Subclinical cases can be challenging to diagnose, even with evaluation of cutaneous tissues for microfilariae. Current diagnostic tests include conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) to detect O. lupi DNA, and, alternatively, real-time PCR (qPCR), which provides more rapid results and higher throughput. The objectives of this study were to: I) optimize a novel qPCR assay that detects O. lupi and II) to assess the prevalence of O. lupi in shelter dogs from Albuquerque, NM, USA.MethodsThis probe-based qPCR was optimized with a detection threshold of 0.33 pg for DNA of an adult female O. lupi. We further optimized the assay by performing a dynamic range test to determine the ideal dilution factor and inclusion of an internal positive control. We collected skin snips from the interscapular region of 404 dogs between January and September 2023. Demographics were recorded, including age, sex, American Kennel Club breed groups, and coat color. Dogs were separated into age groups, including juveniles ≤ 1 year old (n = 120; 29.7%), adults > 1–7 years old (n = 260; 64.3%), and seniors > 7 years old (n = 24; 5.9%). Of those, 194 were female, and 210 were male. We also had nine different American Kennel Club breed groups represented, as well as two coat colors: single (33.0%) and mixed (67.0%). Genomic DNA was subjected to cPCR followed by Sanger sequencing and our probe-based qPCR. Both PCRs targeted a fragment of the cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 (cox1) of the mitochondrial DNA. We performed statistical analysis to assess any association between exposure factors, such as age, sex, breed, and coat color and the outcome, whether O. lupi was present.ResultsOverall, eight (1.9%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8–3.8%) dogs tested O. lupi-positive via qPCR and five (1.2%; 95% CI 0.4–2.8%) via cPCR. Of the qPCR-positive dogs, six were adults and two were juveniles. Age (P = 0.704), sex (P = 0.910), breed groups (P = 0.217), and coat color (P = 0.781) were not statistically associated with a qPCR-positive result with a cutoff of P < 0.2. In addition, 20 dogs tested positive for Cercopithifilaria bainae via cPCR and sequencing, but these did not cross-react with our qPCR.ConclusionsThis is the first epidemiological study on O. lupi in a canine population from an urban center within an endemic area in North America. Active surveillance using reliable diagnostic tools can better elucidate the epidemiology of this zoonotic parasite and enable the implementation of strategies for control and prevention.Graphical Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-025-06988-5.

To evaluate the antimicrobial and histopathological effects of Dialkylcarbamoyl chloride (DACC) dressing on surgical wounds infected with various pathogens. In Group 1 (control), after the midline incision on interscapular region, wounds were closed with non–absorbable sutures in sterile conditions and nitrofurazone was applied externally to the surgical wounds. Wounds were covered with sterile gauze. In Group 2, 3, 4, and 5 rats were incised and wounds were contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, respectively. Contaminated surgical wounds were covered with DACC dressing just after the incision. Dressings were changed every after 3 day. In all groups it was clearly seen that DACC showed antimicrobial effect against various microorganisms on surgical site infections. In 2nd group epithelial thickness of samples were decreased when compared to control group but it was no statistically significant. Also in this group fibrosis was statistically less than other groups. DACC covered dressing is a strategical biomechanic infection preventing material can be used against surgical site infection riscs safely. It has no any side effect known due to external uses. The hidrophobicity of DACC lets high binding capacity for microorganisms.

This study investigates gold-decorated polycaprolactone/chitosan nanofibers as conductive scaffolds for promoting neuronal differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSCs) harvested from the dorsal interscapular region of Wistar rats under electrical stimulation (ES) with optimal rolipram concentrations. The scaffold was fabricated through electrospinning and in situ synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Morphology and AuNPs distribution were evaluated using a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Rolipram, known to increase neuronal cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) activity and reduce inflammation, was loaded into the scaffolds using alginate hydrogel. The scaffolds were subjected to a release study and tests for ADSC proliferation and differentiation into neuron-like cells. Immunostaining of β-Tubulin III and MAP2 was used to assess the effect of ES, alone and in combination with rolipram, on the efficacy of neuronal differentiation of ADSCs. The distribution of AuNPs was uniform within the scaffolds with an electrical conductivity of 0.12S.cm-1. Rolipram significantly improved the development of neurons from ADSCs, and this effect was more prominent at higher concentrations (1 and 5 µM). The study revealed that using an electrical density of 100 mV/mm, in combination with 5 µM rolipram and conductive scaffolds, led to a significant increase in the percentage of MAP2 and β-Tubulin III positive cells and the neuronal differentiation of ADSCs, with further elevation of cAMP levels compared to using 5 µM rolipram without ES. We found that combining rolipram and electrical stimulation at optimized doses and voltages can enhance nerve regeneration applications.

Objective. Many applications and pharmaceutical active substances have been used since the beginning of human history to ensure healthy and rapid healing of wounds. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of microcurrent electrical therapy on wound healing. Material and methods. A full-thickness sectional skin wound of 4 cm2 in size was created in the interscapular region of the 14 rabbits used in the study. Microcurrent electrotherapy was applied to rabbits with excisional skin wounds for 10 days. Results. At the end of the 10th day, when the wound closure rates were compared, it was determined that the rabbits in the microcurrent electrotherapy (ME) group were in better condition than the rabbits in the control group (CG). In the histopathological scoring, it was determined that there was no statistical difference between the two groups (p ˃0.05). When evaluated biochemically, MDA levels of rabbits in the ME group were determined to be statistically significantly higher. GSH, CAT, GSH-Px levels were found to be statistically significantly lower in rabbits in the ME group (P˂0.001). Conclusions. As a result, according to the findings from this study, it was determined that microcurrent electrotherapy application clinically accelerated wound healing. However, due to the short study period, no histopathological difference could be detected between the groups in wound healing.

Effects of melatonin implants on uterine inflammation and ovarian progesterone receptor expression in female cats: A histopathological and molecular analysis.

Macular amyloidosis is a chronic skin infection and it is quite prevalent in modern lifestyle. Many people have localised skin infection which doesn’t go off with common intervention. Deposition of protein underneath the skin which is basically amyloid protein is a major cause of these pathology. A 53 years old male presented with grey-brown discolouration associated with itching in inter-scapular region from last one year with no relevant family history and was diagnosed as Macular Amyloidosis. The sign and symptoms of the Macular Amyloidosis clinically can be correlated with Kshudra Roga Nilika, having Vata and Pitta as predominant Dosha. Treatment protocol with Shamana Ausadhis like Vasagduchyadi Kasaya, Guduchyadi taila, Arogyavardhini vati along with Pathya and Apathya was instructed. There was significant improvement in both sign and symptoms of the disease, so this treatment protocol can be taken into further consideration for the management of Macular Amyloidosis.

Abstract Despite significant advancements in understanding the biology and genetics of breast cancer, the development of effective therapies requires predictive and physiologically relevant preclinical models for their evaluation. In this context, patient-derived xenografts (PDX) have become a standard tool as they reproduce the biology of the original tumors in terms of histology, genotype, and response to chemotherapy. They have proven their relevance in studying pathways leading to cancer development and progression, mechanisms related to tumor resistance, and identifying new effective therapies. We offer a preclinical platform of over 60 fully characterized breast cancer PDX models and their in vitro cell derivatives for preclinical evaluation of new treatment modalities. Our platform consists of a PDX collection of 43 TNBC models, 9 ER+, 5 HER2+, 3 Luminal B (ER+ HER2+) models, and 14 cellular models derived from a subset of these PDX (PDXDC), representing the diversity of breast cancer. PDX models were obtained by transplanting post-operative tumor samples, either by grafting tumor fragments into the interscapular region of nude mice or by injecting dissociated tumor cells into the mammary fat pad of NOD-Scid mice. PDXDC were obtained from dissociated PDX tumors cultured under various media and matrix conditions. All models (PDX and PDXDC) were characterized at molecular level, including transcriptomic, whole exome sequencing, IHC marker staining and/or cytometry analysis. PDX were characterized pharmacologically for response to standards of care as a single agent or in combination. Our PDX and PDXDC panels primarily reflects the molecular heterogeneity of breast cancer and accurately reproduces the molecular and drug response profile of patient tumors. It is widely used for standard drug evaluations, but also for in vivo "mouse clinical trials" (MCT) which provide more predictive preclinical data on the efficacy of a single agent or drug combination. Additionally, we generated standard-of-care resistant models from our PDX panel to study the resistance mechanisms underlying breast cancer progression and to mimic what is observed in the clinic. Associated to in vitro cell derivatives, our collection provides a powerful preclinical platform for translational and preclinical research to identify mechanisms underlying acquired resistance to current therapies and develop novel treatment strategies against breast Cancers. Citation Format: Emilie Indersie, Léa Sinayen, Aurore Gorse, Marie Tavernier, Enora Le Ven, Ester Morgado, Laurent Pouyet, François Romagné, Olivier Déas. A preclinical platform of PDX breast cancer models and their cellular counterparts to identify resistance mechanisms and novel therapeutic options [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2025; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2025 Apr 25-30; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2025;85(8_Suppl_1):Abstract nr 1289.

White adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) have distinct structural and physiological characteristics and serve opposing functions in the body. WAT primarily stores energy, whereas BAT is metabolically active and positively influences metabolic health, contributing to energy expenditure, reduced fat accumulation and enhanced mitochondrial metabolism. Recently, both classical BAT and beige fat (or inducible/recruitable BAT) that arises from the browning of WAT have attracted clinical interest as potential targets for improving mitochondrial metabolism and managing obesity-related metabolic disorders. Currently, there is a lack of specific metabolic biomarkers for characterizing classical BAT and beige fat tissues, which are essential for evaluating mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and screening browning agents for therapeutic use. In this study, we investigated the potential metabolic biomarker fatty acylcarnitine in interscapular BAT (iBAT) from the interscapular region and beige adipose tissue from the inguinal region of the animal using exvivo 13C high-resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) NMR spectroscopy. We examined how mitochondrial oxidative metabolism was altered in response to a high-fat diet (HFD) and how it was restored through iBAT activation using stimuli such as cold exposure and β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) agonist, CL-316,243 treatment. We identified fatty acylcarnitine as a potential metabolic marker present in iBAT and beige tissues, whereas it was absent in iWAT. The concentration of fatty acylcarnitine significantly decreased in HFD-fed animals due to impaired lipolysis resulting in inefficient shuttling of fatty acids for mitochondrial β oxidation. However, its concentration increased or was restored in response to iBAT activation through either β3-AR agonist treatment or cold exposure, indicating a high-energy metabolic state with enhanced mitochondrial metabolism in iBAT. Fatty acylcarnitine shows promise as a biomarker for evaluating mitochondrial metabolism and for screening potential browning agents and nutraceuticals capable of inducing the browning of WAT.

The aim was to evaluate the fibrous component of the skin dermis against the background of a burn wound with local application of molecular hydrogen. Material and methods. A burn wound in the interscapular region was simulated in an experiment on 24 white male Wistar rats. Two groups were formed: the control group with spontaneous healing and the group with local application of an aqueous solution of molecular hydrogen. The material was collected on the 3rd and 7th days. The fibrous component of the skin dermis was evaluated using histochemical methods. Results. On the 3rd day of the wound process, the initial stages of ordered collagen aggregates formation consisting of thin, convoluted reticular fibers were determined in the group receiving molecular hydrogen, and cellular representatives of fibroblastic differon of a fusiform shape with a large, pale nucleus began to appear in the perifocal areas of the wound, but their number was insignificant. On the 3rd day after the burn, the control group had a chaotic network and a denser distribution of reticular fibers. On day 7, the dermis in the burn area was represented by a dense fibrous component with irregularly arranged thick, short fibers, mainly of type I collagen. In the deeper layers of the dermis, fibers formed dense strands. In the group receiving molecular hydrogen, an increased number of fibroblasts was detected, as well as an ordered network of fibers, mainly of type I collagen with a few reticular fibers. Conclusion. The local application of molecular hydrogen leads to a more physiological organization of collagen and reticular fibers, as well as to an increase in the cellular representation of fibroblastic differon.

Aim: The aim of the study was to identify the morphological features of brown adipose tissue in an experimental model of PCOS under intermittent cold exposure. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 40 immature female WAG rats, aged 27 days and weighing 80-90 g, which were divided into five groups (eight animals per group). Group 1 consisted of intact rats. Group 2 included rats that received daily subcutaneous injections of 0.2 ml of purified and sterilized olive oil for 25 days. Group 3 consisted of rats subjected to intermittent cold exposure for 25 days. Group 4 included rats in which dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced PCOS was modeled. Group 5 consisted of rats that, in addition to intermittent cold exposure, received DHEA administration. Rats in groups 1-5 were removed from the experiment on day 26 by cervical dislocation. The material for morphological study was brown adipose tissue, which was cut from the interscapular region during the autopsy of animals. Histological, morphometric and statistical research methods were used. Results: During the survey microscopy of the slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin, brown adipose tissue from the interscapular region of rats in all groups was characterized by the presence of parenchyma and stroma. Depending on the number of lipid droplets, all adipocytes were classified into three categories: adipocytes containing up to 5 lipid droplets (type 1 adipocytes); adipocytes containing 5-10 lipid droplets (type 2 adipocytes); and adipocytes containing more than 10 lipid droplets (type 3 adipocytes). Brown adipose tissue in DHEA-induced PCOS was characterized by a decrease in the number of type 3 adipocytes and an increase in the number of type 1 adipocytes; a reduction in adipocyte area, and an increase in adipocyte nuclear area. Under intermittent cold exposure and during DHEA administration combined with intermittent cold exposure, brown adipose tissue was characterized by a decrease in the number of type 1 and type 2 adipocytes and an increase in the number of type 3 adipocytes; a reduction in adipocyte area; an increase in adipocyte nuclear area; and an increase in the number of blood vessels in the stroma. Conclusions: In DHEA-induced PCOS, under intermittent cold exposure, and during DHEA administration combined with intermittent cold exposure, activation of brown adipose tissue in the interscapular region is observed, with the degree of activation being minimally, moderately, and maximally expressed, respectively.

To identify and describe the specific clinical features of NVCS in the region of UTA and propose an informative instrumental method of diagnosis for development of the optimal surgical treatment algorithm. The study included 130 patients with signs of compression of vascular-nervous structures in the region of UTA: 83 (63.8%) women and 47 (36.2%) men. Age of patients ranged from 18 to 75 years (mean age was 44.59±12.48 years). The study algorithm included evaluation of clinical and instrumental research methods. All patients underwent MSCT angiography of UTA structures for determination of the surgical treatment tactics. A total of 110 patients were operated, and 121 surgical interventions were performed using three types of surgical access. The main neurological symptom was a pronounced pain syndrome, which covered the entire shoulder girdle, cervico-occipital region with distribution along the anterior surface of the chest and interscapular region with radiation to the upper limb. Pain syndrome had a diffuse and constant nature, changing the intensity depending on the position of the body and physical loads. Specific trigger points were also identified. Clinical signs of circulatory disorders have been observed in the area of subclavian artery (n=54), subclavian vein (n=31) and vertebral artery (n=43). In 90 patients with MSCT angiography, 110 X-ray macro features of compression (bone, muscular, fibrous and vascular abnormalities) were identified. Evaluation of specific clinical symptoms of VNB compression and use of data from MSCT angiography of structures of UTA and BCA allow to determine the level and nature of damage to the vascular-nervous complex and choose the optimal surgical treatment method.

ABSTRACT The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the hair cycle for one year and to compare the dermal follicular volume of the interscapular, lateral and femoral middle abdominal regions of males and females bred in captivity in the city of Teresina-PI. The practices of this experiment were approved by CEUA (589/19) and SISBIO (70275-2). Six agoutis (three males and three females) were used, hair samples for the trichogram were collected every 30 days, from the beginning of October 2019 to September 2020. The hairs were extracted from the three regions with the hemostatic forceps, and then 100 hairs from each region were glued to a microscopy slide. The climatic data from the city of Teresina- PI were obtained from embrapa's meteorological bulletin. To determine dermal follicular volume, analyses of histological sections were performed using the software and image J. Variance analysis (ANOVA) was performed, followed by the Tukey test at 5% probability. The number of telogen hair was higher than the anagen hair during the study no matter the dry season (males 98.8% and females 98.9 %) or rainy (males 96.8% and females 98.3%). There were no follicular stereological variations between the sexes.