Interrogative Sentences Research Articles

PERLOCATIVE PRAGMATICS OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT INTERROGATIVE SPEECH ACTS IN THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE

The article analyzes the concepts of categories of direct and indirect communication in linguistics, types and features of indirect interrogative speech acts, reveals the prelocutive pragmatics of direct and indirect interrogative speech acts in the Kazakh language. Namely: if the direct meaning of interrogative sentences is getting an answer, then indirect questions are used in such functions as showing politeness, indirect posing a question, emphasizing a request, posing a question in a suspicious expression, transmitting a request with gestures, evaluation, resentment, chagrin. In a direct interrogative speech act, the illocutionary effect is expressed through the linguistic meaning of the linguistic means that make up speech, while the perlocutionary pragmatics of indirect interrogative speech acts depends on the use of language units in a figurative sense, on the background knowledge of the speaker and listener and the conditions of communication. At the same time, an indirect interrogative speech act enhances the artistic potential of the language and allows expressing various semantic shades.The study used methods of structural grammar «from form to meaning», functional grammar «from meaning to form», structural-semantic description, functional-semantic and contextual analysis, differentiation and hypothetical interpretation.The scientific and theoretical basis of the scientific conclusions obtained in the course of the study were the works on structural, communicative, functional grammar and pragmatic linguistics in linguistics. In addition, the given language examples from various sources (colloquial speech, works of poets and writers) contributed to the argumentation of scientific and practical conclusions presented in the article

The Interrogative Sentence in English and Buton Tomia Language

This research has analyzed some differences of interrogative sentences in English and Buton Tomia language in order to contribute positively in language learning and teaching. Researcher used qualitative methods. Data in this research obtained by using literature study and interview. The results of the analysis found that the similarities between interrogative sentences in English and Buton Tomia is that each sentence uses a subject, verb, and object. While the difference in the form of interrogative sentences in English and Buton Tomia is that each interrogative sentence (yes/no question) in English begins with an auxiliary verb in the Buton Tomia language does not use auxiliary verbs and the form of interrogative sentence (yes/no question) in the Buton Tomia language.

Language Acquisition (Types of Sentence) of Three to Four Years Old Children

This study discussed the language acquisition of children aged 3-4 years. In general, children aged three to four years are able to produce various types of sentences to communicate their goals to others. This study aimed to describe what types of sentences are acquired by children aged three to four years. This type of research was qualitative research using the descriptive method. The collection of data in this research utilized recording and note-taking techniques. The data analysis technique used in this study consisted of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study indicated that all types of sentences in the form of declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, imperative, and exclamatory sentences can be said by children aged three to four years. Sentences that are often said by children aged three to four years are news sentences (declarative).

Kesantunan Berbahasa dalam Proses Pembelajaran Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Galesong Utara

This study aims to describe the use of diction in language politeness in the classroom learning process, the use of language politeness principles in the classroom learning process, and the communicative value of language politeness in the classroom learning process. This type of research is qualitative research using descriptive method. The data source of this research was obtained from the speech of teachers and students of class VIII in the learning process of Indonesian language. The techniques used in data collection are recording, transcription, note-taking, and classification. The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative which is by collecting, processing, analysing, and presenting the data objectively. The results showed the use of diction, politeness principles and communicative value. First, the use of diction in language politeness consists of utterances that use politeness markers try, good ma'am, please, and son, second, the use of principles of language politeness is in the form of obeying the maxim of praise, generosity, agreement and the maxim of sympathy, third, the communicative value of politeness is in the form of declarative sentences obeying the maxim of agreement, and sympathy; interrogative sentences obeying the maxim of wisdom and sympathy; and imperative sentences obeying the maxim of wisdom and the maxim of agreement.

Language and cultural creolisation in nigerian script texts

This article deals with the peculiarities of script texts being a part of cinematography – one of modern art form. The scientific problem is determined by the trend towards globalisation of all contemporary art types, on the one hand, and the need to preserve cultural heritage, on the other hand. The aim of the work is to identify the characteristic features of Nigerian English script texts – phenomena created due to creolisation process defined as the process of British English adapting procedure to the realities of local languages and cultures. The Nigerian script text is a creolised type of text with characteristic of unique properties – the presence of detailed instructions in the form of author’s remarks which provide expanded information for subsequent stepwise actions for the director, actors, editors, makeup and costume designers; a double process of creolisation due to the necessary adaptation to numerous local languages and cultures. It is proved that Nigerian script texts, influenced by the process of creolisation, are largely subject to grammatical transformations. The most productive grammatical changes include: the consistent use of nouns and pronouns within the same semantic group; the simplification of the specific verb forms manifested in the use of simple forms and omission of auxiliary verbs in interrogative and negative sentences. High-frequency grammatical transformation processes in Nigerian script texts are explained by the influence of tribal languages and be needs of the Nigerians to preserve the heritage of local cultures.

Способы передачи субъективной модальности при переводе частицы «же» на английский язык

The study aims to identify possible ways of conveying subjective modality when translating the particle ‘же’ into English. This particle is one of the most frequent lexemes in the Russian language. At the same time, it is capable of conveying a number of connotations, which presents a special problem when translating statements containing the particle. The study is original in that it is the first to identify the lexico-grammatical means of the English language that are used to convey the emotive component of the meaning of the particle in translation. As a result of the study, it was found that a wide range of lexico-grammatical means can be used to convey the connotative part of the meaning when translating the particle into English. The choice of the language means used depends on the interpretation of the connotation of the particle in a certain context. The study shows that there is a correlation between the syntactic and grammatical construction of the sentence, its classification according to the purpose of the utterance and the interpretation of the connotation of the particle. Consequently, the translation of the same particle used in narrative, interrogative and imperative sentences requires the application of different English linguistic means. Thus, the result of the study was the identification of ways to convey subjective modality when translating the particle ‘же’ in different types of sentences.

NL2SQL For Chatbot with Semantic Parsing Using Rule-Based Methods

Structured Query Language (SQL) is a command language that allows users to access database information. Ordinary people generally donot know how to make queries with SQL to a database. The chatbot is acomputer program developed to interact with its users via text or voice. In this study, chatbots were developed to help and facilitate users intheNatural Language to Structured Query Language (NL2SQL) process tosearch for information in an Academic Information Systemdatabasewith semantic parsing using a rule-based method that accepts input inthe form of interrogative sentences or order. In the Natural Language toStructured Query Language (NL2SQL) process several problems arise, namely input problems with unique parameters for the knowledge base, and slow searching or translation processes, which make Natural Language to Structured Query Language (NL2SQL) inef icient, problems This problem will be solved using a semantic parsingapproach using a rule-based method that is proven to be ef icient insolving issues such as the Natural Language to Structured QueryLanguage (NL2SQL) process. The results showed that the semanticparsing approach using the rule-based method succeeded in obtainingan accuracy rate of 96.72% using 122 test data in the formof questionsentences or command data about the Academic Information Systemof the Department of Informatics Engineering, Sriwijaya University inIndonesian, and an average execution time of 50.68 milliseconds. seconds or 0.05 seconds.

A Prosodic and Perceptional Study on the Chinese Interrogative Pronoun “Shen Me” When Indicating Inquiry, Free Reference and Negation (in Chinese)

This paper makes a comprehensive investigation and comparison of the prosodic and perceptual performance of the interrogative pronoun " shen me " when indicating question, free reference and negation. The results show that the prosodic performance of the sentence using " shen me " to indicate a question is similar to the prosody of an interrogative sentence; the sentence using " shen me " to indicate free reference has the intonation of a declarative sentence with the focus stress on “ dou ”; and the sentence using " shen me " to indicate negation has the intonation of an exclamatory sentence with focus stress on " shen me " or the predicative verb “ suan ”. The results of these perceptual experiments show that the acoustic differences of " shen me " won’t affect the listener’s judgement of the mood of the original sentence, but will affect the judgement of its naturalness to a certain extent. Combining acoustic and perceptual performance, “shen me” indicating a question and free reference carries natural stress, and " shen me " indicating negation carries emphatic stress. The three functions of " shen me " should be discriminated using multi-dimensional standards, that is, both prosody and perception. Additionally, the prosodic standard should include pitch, duration and intensity.

The contribution of suprasegmental cues to perceived L1 and L2 accent distance

First (L1) and second language (L2) pronunciations that diverge more segmentally from the local accent are rated as more distant. However, fewer studies have addressed relations between suprasegmental features, such as intonation, and accent distance. We examined the relation between perceived accent distance and four suprasegmental measures: time normalized f0 Euclidean distance, mean F0, pitch range, and speaking rate. Thirty adults completed six ladder tasks in which listeners ranked talkers’ perceived distance from the local accent. For each ladder, listeners heard one sentence produced by 24 talkers: one man and one woman from six L1 and six L2 English varieties. Each suprasegmental measure independently predicted distance rankings with a variety of significant interactions. Talkers with higher accent rankings had narrower pitch ranges, lower mean f0, faster speech, and greater f0 Euclidean distance. Furthermore, suprasegmental measures related to accent distance differentially based on syntactic structure. For example, as f0 Euclidean distance increased, accent rankings increased for interrogative sentences, but not for declarative sentences. These data support the need for future studies examining how suprasegmental features impact perception of L1 and L2 accents. [Work supported by NSF grants 1941691 and 1941662].

An Analysis of Translation Techniques of Interrogative Sentence in Maleficent Mistress of Evil 2019 Movie Subtitle

An Analysis of Translation Techniques of Interrogative Sentence in Maleficent Mistress of Evil 2019 Movie Subtitle

MALAY OF KUALUH WORD ORDER IN LABUHANBATU UTARA: A STUDY OF SYNTACTIC TYPOLOGY

The word order in the Kualuh Malay language spoken in North Labuhanbatu is the subject of this research, which aims to investigate it. Study In this research, the qualitative research method was utilized. Data for this study came primarily from interviews and participants' own experiences. The clauses or sentences that were discovered in the folklore served as the research's primary source of data. The studies of Miles and Huberman were utilized in order to make sense of the data. The process of assessing the research involved several stages, including data reduction, data display, and extracting conclusions from the data and verifying them. It is possible to draw the conclusion based on the findings of the research that the structure of the sentence patterns used in the Kualuh Malay language spoken in North Labuhanbatu contains VSO, SVO, OSV, VOS, OVS SV, VO, and OV. The word order pattern that should be followed in the declarative clause of a declarative sentence is SC, SVO, OVS. The word order pattern of the clause in this section is V-O and O-V, and it is vital that this pattern be followed. In an interrogative sentence, SV, SVO, VOS, and OSV can be used with nasal-affixed verbs or without them.

Function and Meaning Analysis Use of "Ge" and "De" Particles in the Speech of the Petalangan Community

The existence of particles in a sentence in various languages is very diverse. The function and meaning of particles in one language will be different from other languages. Particles cannot stand alone, they are structural words that only have functions and meanings in certain structures. The Petalangan Malay language uses several particles in interaction or communication. However, this research only discusses ge and de particles in Petalangan language where these particles are more widely used in communication. This study aims to analyze the function and meaning of the use of ge and de particles in the Petalangan language of Pelalawan Regency, Riau Province. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method, which presents data based on facts without judging right or wrong. The data used in this research is primary data obtained through field observations with listening, speaking and notetaking techniques. Data analysis is done by using commensurate and agih methods. Based on the result of the research, Petalangan people use particles in communicating in daily life. The particles that are widely used are ge and de particles which function as affirmation in interrogative sentences or question and declarative sentences. The particles ge and de are pronounced with a long and lilting intonation. However, they can also be said with a short intonation if used in a question sentence that does not require an answer. The particles ge and de are placed at the end of the sentence to emphasize the sentence and cannot be placed at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence.

STUDENTS’ ERRORS IN USING INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES MADE BY STUDENTS OF SMP NASIONAL BANAU KOTA TERNATE

This research aims to find out: (1) what are the most dominant types of errors made by class VIII of SMP National Banau Kota Ternate in making interrogative sentences? and (2) what are the factors causing errors made by students of class VIII of SMP National Banau Kota Ternate in using interrogative sentences? This research used descriptive qualitative method; this research involved 20 participants. The research instrument used a test, the test was used to obtain data on the types of errors in interrogative sentences. In data collection, tests were used to obtain data on the types of errors in interrogative sentences. In analyzing the data, there are five steps: Identifying students, Classifying types of errors by using the surface taxonomy strategy proposed by Ellis, Counting the number of errors, Discussing data, and Making conclusions.The results showed that there were 4 types of errors, namely omission, addition, misformation, and misordering. The percentages of the errors are 27 omissions (9.71%), 125 additions (43.10%), 129 misformation (44.48%), and 9 misordering (3.10%). The most dominant error is misformation (44.48%). And the factor that causes students to often make error in making interrogative sentences is intralingual transfer. Based on the analysis of the students' answer sheets, the misformation type errors made by students are because students are still confused in determining the right auxiliary words. The researcher suggested that teachers give students some exercises to minimize the dominant errors and try to find solutions. For the students, students should learn more by practicing writing regularly.

An Analysis of Speech Acts: Request in Daily Conversation

In daily conversation, people frequently communicate implicitly as an issue that is covered in illocutionary acts. Illocutionary acts have five types, they are representative/assertive, directive, commissive, expressive and declaration. This research was aimed to analyze the used of request in daily conversation in the sentences form. The request speech acts were analyzed based on the Yule theory and the type of sentences based on Frank theory. The data were taken from the daily conversation between the researcher and the speaker in daily life. The subject of this research was researcher’s friend who doing talk with the researcher. This research employed qualitative research. The result of this research showed that there are three types of sentences, namely; statement sentences, interrogative sentences, and imperative sentences. From the total data 25 sentence, the researcher found that there are 18 sentences of imperative (72%), 5 sentences of interrogative (20%), and 2 sentences of statement (2%). Therefore, the most dominant type of sentence used by the speaker is imperative sentence. Meanwhile, the least type of sentence used by speaker is statement sentence. The speaker often used imperative sentence because of its function to get the hearer to do something. Imperative sentence can be used for directive speech act because the speaker wants the hearer or target to do what the speaker says.

Translation Analysis of Interrogative Sentences in “The Terminal” Movie Subtitle

This study is qualitative descriptive research. The purpose of this research is to know kind of interrogative sentences and translation techniques impact to the translation quality in The Terminal movie subtitle. The source of data is the film transcript of The Terminal movie and its subtitle in Indonesian, and the information collected from rater. The technique of data collection was watching the movie, reading the script, and marking the interrogative sentences. In analyzing data, the researcher used the qualitative data analysis which covers domain analysis, taxonomic analysis, and componential analysis. Had been found 114 data, yes-no question (57,97%), wh-question (41,19%), and alternative question (0,87%), 2) the translation technique could be found in The Terminal movie, such as established equivalent (72,08%), variation (15,83%), pure borrowing (3,12%), modulation (2,91%), implicit (1,87%), paraphrase (1,25%), explicit (1,04%), reduction (0,83%), transposition (0,62%), generalization (0,20%), and substitution (0,20%). The impact of the application of those translation techniques, toward the translation quality is the overall quality score 2,98 with the average score of accuracy 2,97, acceptability 2,99, and readability 2,99. Keywords: Translation, Interrogative Sentences, Qualitative Descriptive, The Terminal

Savoring Sundanese food: A discourse analysis of Instagram’s powerful promotion of Bandung’s culture and culinary

Department of Culture and Tourism in Bandung harnesses the power of its official Instagram account, @disbudpar.bdg, to promote the city’s diverse tourist attractions and cultural richness. This study conducts an in-depth analysis of the various topics presented on the account that showcase the multifaceted nature of Sundanese culinary traditions. The researchers collected culinary information from 642 posts on Instagram feeds, resulting in 118 data points considering various cuisines, both traditional and modern. The focus of this study is on 86 data points related to traditional meals and beverages in 2022. Employing van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis within the micro-structure theory, the descriptive qualitative method was used for the analysis. The findings reveal four distinct classifications of topics related to culinary diversity. They are the diversity of traditional Sundanese meals (66 data), the diversity of traditional Sundanese beverages (2 data), restaurants offering traditional foods and beverages (16 data), and ingredients for traditional pastries (2 data). Additionally, the analysis uncovers the use of interrogative sentences, declarative sentences, and lexical choices that effectively support and describe the promotion of culinary diversity as a prominent tourist attraction in Bandung. Interrogative sentences engaged followers, declarative sentences provided factual insights, and diverse lexical choices enticed readers to appreciate Bandung’s culinary offerings.

Conjectural questions in Sm’algyax

Abstract This paper discusses evidentials and their behaviour in interrogative sentences, based on novel data from Sm’algyax (Tsimshianic, British Columbia/Alaska). Typically, evidentials in declarative sentences receive a Speaker-anchored orientation (“According to my evidence, p”), and in interrogative sentences they receive an Addressee-anchored orientation (“According to your evidence, Q?”). This shift from Speaker to Addressee in questions is referred to as Interrogative Flip, which has been argued to be an obligatory process in canonical questions (Korotkova, Natasha. 2016. Heterogeneity and universality in the evidential domain. UCLA Doctoral dissertation). I discuss a particular evidential sn “Conjectural”, which exhibits variable interrogative flip in questions. The anchor of sn may shift to the Addressee, or it may result in a “Conjectural Question” reading, which I suggest involves a particular orientation of sn to neither the Speaker nor the Addressee. Adopting a simple modal analysis for evidentials, and a pragmatic approach to interrogative flip (Garrett, Edward John. 2001. Evidentiality and assertion in Tibetan. UCLA Doctoral dissertation; Korotkova, Natasha. 2016. Heterogeneity and universality in the evidential domain. UCLA Doctoral dissertation), I suggest that the variable interrogative flip behaviour falls out from the pragmatics of (non-)canonical questions (Farkas, Donka F. 2022. Non-intrusive questions as a special type of non-canonical questions. Journal of Semantics 39(2). 295–337).

Japanese Language Intonation By Japanese Language Education Students

When learning Japanese we will come across sentences that are the same but have different meanings. Because of the similarity of the sentences, many students who study Japanese often make mistakes in pronouncing the sentence and also in understanding the true meaning of it. In written language, the meaning of sentences in Japanese can be distinguished by punctuation. For example, an interrogative sentence can be distinguished by looking at the ka(か) particle behind the sentence, then a command sentence, and so on can be identified by looking at the predicate. However, in conversations, especially informal conversations, it becomes vague, for example, the loss of the ka(か) particle in interrogative sentences and so on. This can be understood by the interlocutor when we use the right intonation. In learning Japanese, less is taught about intonation differences, and there are many misunderstandings when communicating with Japanese people. Therefore, the researcher did study about the difference in meaning caused by intonation in the same sentence. This study aimed to identify intonation in sentences produced by students of the Japanese language study program. This research was carried out using exploratory qualitative research methods and data were collected using in-depth interviews. The data collected in the form of spoken sentences spoken by Japanese language study program students who are also native Japanese were classified, analyzed, and then described in writing. Interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic content analysis using a Speech Analyzer (SA) as a tool for recording, transcribing, and analyzing speech sounds. Linguists and ethnomusicologists can use SA to investigate, imitate, and explain the acoustic sounds of human language. The main respondents were students of the UNIMA Japanese Language Education Study Program. The number of respondents targeted was 30 people with a duration of 15 min of interviews. The selection of respondents were 5th-semester students who had studied Japanese for approximately 2 years and met the criteria of having studied bunpo and dokkai. Other data sources are in the form of linguistic theory and language comparison
 Keywords: language, intonation, Japanese, , education, students

Interrogative sentences as a way of expressing Russophobia in the modern virtual space (as exemplified in network Reddit)

Modern society today is subject to global processes of Westernization, the purpose of which is to subjugate other cultures to Western influence. Thanks to the powerful potential of the virtual space to disseminate the necessary ideas, a certain vision is imposed and mass manipulation of the consciousness of citizens is carried out. The consistent and long-term policy of the Western world promotes the image of evil Russians, that leads to a surge in discrimination against representatives of the Russian-speaking culture. The image of the evil people is broadcast in the media and cinema, media personalities and politicians talk about it. Such negative representation of Russians leads to their hostility. Intolerance towards the citizens of the Russian Federation arise in the minds of a wide audience, which is reflected in both verbal and non-verbal ways. The author aims: 1) to conduct a study of interrogative sentences in the social network Reddit, one of the most famous and frequently visited Internet platforms in the world; 2) to identify Russophobic sentiments, and 3) to make an attempt to systematize the idea of the functions of interrogative sentences. Interrogative sentences are analyzed from the point of view of their secondary function — the transfer of information, feelings and one’s attitude to any situation. Selected by continuous sampling and carefully analyzed interrogative sentences allow us to draw a conclusion about the Russophobic mood that is inherent in the population of the Western world. The author has found that interrogative sentences are aimed at expressing accusations, insults and gloating. The objects of Russophobia are the Russian Federation itself, the President Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin and the citizens of the country. It was revealed that Russophobia is observed through the use of verbs with negative connotations, negatively colored epithets, parallel constructions, metaphorical models and occasionalisms.

Linguistic dynamics of populism: Interrogative sentences in contemporary American Populist Political discourse

Linguistic dynamics of populism: Interrogative sentences in contemporary American Populist Political discourse