Interrogative Sentences Research Articles

Kalimat Tanya pada Percakapan Tokoh Utama dalam Noveltoon Kulepas Kau Dengan Bismillah Karya D'wie

The aim of this research is to describe the types of interrogative sentences in the NovelToon Kulepas Kau dengan Bismillah by D'wie. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative by describing the use of interrogative sentences in the conversation of the main character in the NovelToon Kulepas Kau with Bismillah. The results of this research include four types of question sentences, there are 196 ordinary question sentences, 17 rhetorical question sentences, 58 disguised question sentences, and 89 clarifying questions. Of the four types of question sentences, 361 quotations were found, the most dominant type of question sentence used in NovelToon Kulepas Kau dengan Bismillah by D'wie was a regular question sentence which appeared 196 times, while rhetorical question sentences with 17 quotations were the most common type of question sentence. appeared a little. The reason why there are more ordinary interrogative sentences in D'wie's NovelToon Kulepas Kau dengan Bismillah is because ordinary interrogative sentences are often used to obtain information directly, often appear in everyday communication, and have a simple structure. Meanwhile, rhetorical question sentences are used less often because they aim to express feelings without requiring an answer.

한국어 중급 교재의 대화문에 나타난 대인적 기능의 실현 양상 분석

Objectives This study aimed to analyze the realization patterns of interpersonal functions in dialogues of inter-mediate Korean language textbooks from the perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistics. Methods This study analyzed the interpersonal functions and their realization patterns in dialogues from Korean intermediate integrated textbooks published in the late 2000s. By establishing two main analytical categories—mood system and mood metaphor—and conducting distribution and realization pattern analyses for each cat-egory, we explored the linguistic characteristics of textbook dialogues from the perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistics. Results In the textbook dialogues, declarative sentences were most frequent, followed by interrogative, imper-ative, and suggestive sentences. For honorific forms, the combination of ‘하십시오체+해요체’ was most common, followed by ‘해라체+해체’, with the ‘하게체’ being least frequent. For mood metaphors, interrogative forms func-tioning as statements or commands were most frequently observed. Conclusions The study confirmed that the analyzed Korean textbook dialogues accurately reflect the language us-age patterns of native Korean speakers, and demonstrated the effectiveness of the Systemic Functional Linguistics approach in textbook analysis.

Strategi Peningkatan Kreativitas Anak dan Stimulasi Speech Delay Melalui Media Loose Part di PAUD

In the era of globalization, creativity is becoming increasingly important, because it is needed to face increasingly rapid challenges and changes. To increase creativity in early childhood, the right strategy is needed, one of which is using loose part media. At PAUD Fullday Aisyiyah Kasihan uses loose parts as a strategy to increase children's creativity. So the aim of this research is to look at strategies for increasing children's creativity through loose part media at PAUD Fullday Aisyiyah Kasihan. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. The research subject is the teacher. The place of research was carried out at the Kasihan Integrated Aisyiyah PAUD, Bantul, Yogyakarta. The validity tester in this research uses credibility with triangulation, namely technical triangulation. Analyzing data from the field through interview, observation, and documentation techniques. The data analysis technique that will be used in the research is Miles and Huberman's data analysis technique, namely data reduction, data display, and conclusions. The results of the research show that there are 6 strategies used by teachers to increase children's creativity by using loose part media, namely; 1) giving children freedom to imagine and be creative; 2) providing appropriate direction and supervision by the teacher; 3) getting used to playing activities with loose part media; 4) use of interrogative sentences and provocation sentences to support creativity; 5) increasing vocabulary, articulating word pronunciation and strengthening children's oral speech; 6) assessment of activity results and reflection on learning.

Semantic Effects of Long-Distance Wh-Scrambling in Japanese

This paper investigates the semantic effects of long-distance wh-scrambling in Japanese. Through qualitative analysis, it demonstrates that long-distance scrambling is a semantically vacuous movement in declarative sentences where a wh-phrase undergoes radical reconstruction for interpretation. It is demonstrated that it need not flow into semantic interpretations, in contrast to wh-movement. Long-distance wh-scrambling, on the other hand, has an impact on sentential readings in interrogative sentences since the wh-phrase must draw scope from its nearest question marker, which must be understood through the c-command relationship. The difference is discovered to originate from a processing technique, with each alternative interpretation being more prominent in both the jumbled sentence and the canonical form. This study provides a syntactic-semantic perspective and offers new insights into the semantic implications of scrambling, thus contributing to the existing literature.

Grammatical systematicity of request models in the modern Russian

The article analyzes the grammatical systematicity of models of request expression in modern Russian language. The relevance is determined by the need to identify the grammatical systematicity of the use of syntactic models of different types in expressing a request in Russian speech practice. The aim of the paper is to study syntactic models of request expression in modern Russian language in the aspect of the theory of communicative-pragmatic complexes. The study is conducted on the material representing different contexts of request usage: samples from modern Russian plays by famous playwrighters – A. Vampilov, N. Lakutin, E. Shabalina and A. Yablonskaya, as well as samples from the National Corpus of the Russian Language (NCLR) are used. Research methods: systematic, comparative, functional, contextual, structural-grammatical. Special attention is paid to the phenomenon of systematicity of syntactic models. The peculiarity of expressing the request by the models of sentences on the purpose of utterance – inductive, interrogative and narrative – is shown. The authors come to the conclusion about the peculiarity of linguistic conceptualization of request in three communicative situations – everyday request, official request, request when communicating in an unfamiliar environment, which differ in their communicative role and situations of use. The regularities of use of three types of sentences on the purpose of utterance depending on communicative situations are established. It is shown that the model of inductive sentences serves as the basic and most common grammatical form of expressing a request and is usually used in the communicative situation of a household request. Due to its special communicative characteristics, this model can also be used in the situation of communication with strangers, and with the use of grammatical extensions - and in some situations of official communication. The second most frequent type - interrogative sentences - is usually used when addressing strangers; as a rule, it is accompanied by politeness markers. Models of narrative sentences are used much less frequently than sentences of the other two types; they are most often used in situations of official communication.

Research on the Innovation of Arabic Interrogative Sentence Teaching Strategies

This study investigates innovative teaching strategies for Arabic interrogative sentences, aiming to enhance language learners’ proficiency and comprehension in this linguistic domain. The target audience for these strategies includes Arabic language instructors and learners seeking to improve their language skills. To achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher designed 3 tables to identify the distinctions and commonalities between English and Arabic while recognizing the unique characteristics of each language. By examining syntactic structures, verb conjugation patterns, and cultural nuances, this research seeks to provide valuable insights into the complexities of Arabic interrogatives and offer practical pedagogical approaches for language instruction. This study also aims to address the significance of employing the right strategies in second language acquisition by providing a comprehensive review of existing literature on teaching Arabic interrogatives and proposing innovative pedagogical approaches based on cognitive grammar theory. This research then seeks to contribute to the field of Arabic language teaching by offering practical solutions to the challenges associated with interrogative sentence learning, thus empower learners to navigate real-world scenarios effectively and engage meaningfully with Arabic interrogative structures. In short, this research underscores the importance of adopting innovative teaching strategies for Arabic interrogative sentences to facilitate language learners’ proficiency and comprehension. By providing practical insights and pedagogical approaches, this study aims to enrich language instruction and contribute to the broader discourse on language teaching and learning.

Syntactic Parallelism in Muglan

This article explores the syntactic parallelism in Mulan. The data are carried out from the secondary sources. The qualitative and descriptive method is used for analysis. The sixteen sentences are taken from the source and their targets were noted along with the transliteration. The selected sentences were analyzed on the basis of structure, functions and voice. On the basis of syntactic parallelism, the findings have been drawn on the basis of voice, sentence types and sentence function. Most of the Nepali active voices in the source text (ST) have been translated into English active voices in the target text (TT). Therefore, the tendency of active (ST) into active (TT) was very high. Throughout the sampled data, Nepali passive voice (ST) into English passive voice (TT) has very low. Similarly on the basis of sentence types, simple sentences in the ST translated into simple sentences in the TT has higher tendency as compared to compound sentences in the ST translated into compound sentences in the TT. The complex sentences in the ST translated into complex sentences in the TT have highest tendency. Likewise on the basis of sentence function, the declarative sentences in the ST into declarative sentences in the TT has highest tendency. Interrogative sentences in the ST into interrogative sentences in the TT has higher tendency than exclamatory sentences in the ST into exclamatory in the TT.The imperative sentence (ST) into imperative sentence (TT) has lowest tendency.

A lightweight Transformer-based visual question answering network with Weight-Sharing Hybrid Attention

Recent advances show that Transformer-based models and object detection-based models play an indispensable role in VQA. However, object detection-based models have significant limitations due to their redundant and complex detection box generation process. In contrast, Visual and Language Pre-training (VLP) models can achieve better performance, but require high computing power. To this end, we present Weight-Sharing Hybrid Attention Network (WHAN), a lightweight Transformer-based VQA model. In WHAN, we replace the object detection network with Transformer encoder and use LoRA to solve the problem that the language model cannot adapt to interrogative sentences. We propose Weight-Sharing Hybrid Attention (WHA) module with parallel residual adapters, which can significantly reduce the trainable parameters of the model and we design DWA and BVA modules that can allow the model to perform attention operations from different scales. Experiments on VQA-v2, COCO-QA, GQA, and CLEVR datasets show that WHAN achieves competitive performance with far fewer trainable parameters.

Representations of First Language Acquisition in the Speech of Three Years Old

The study aims to represent how three-year-old children output their language acquisition. As we know, language acquisition is one of the factors in a child's development. Language acquisition which is a process in humans in obtaining the ability to understand a language that becomes the foundation in the form of sentences to communicate. This research is a descriptive qualitative research with the stages of data collection, data analysis, and data presentation. The sources and data in this study are transcriptions of recordings of verbal speech of a 3-year-old child named Hanah Shaqueena. The data has been found in this study, there are 4 types of sentences in terms of syntactic form produced by a 3-year-oldchild named Hannah Shaqueena, namely Declarative Sentence Representation, Interrogative Sentence Representation, Imperative Sentence Representation, and Exclamatory Sentence Representation.

Stylization of Oral Elements in the Novel Women. Voices. By Jasmina Musabegović

This paper aims to analyze and interpret the linguistic and stylistic means by which the world of the novel Women. Voices. by Jasmina Musabegović is built. The paper analyzes and interprets the novel’s spoken language stylization, as its main stylistic feature. It is based on the assumption that orality, as a linguistic-stylistic feature of the novel, is primarily realized at the syntactic-stylistic level. In this direction, the elements of expressive syntax, such as spoken (oral) sentence length, elliptical, nominative, and fragmented sentences, as well as syntactic repetitions and accumulations, are especially explored. The mentioned syntactic-stylistic means are investigated to point out their stylistic potential in the revitalization of the tonal, rhythmic, intonation, and intensity values of the spoken language, based on which novelistic voices are generated as the narrative subject of the novel. Also, exclamatory and expressive interrogative sentences are explored in the paper as significant means of conveying emotional-expressive (affective) and intensifying the semantic values of a sentence. In doing so, it is particularly indicated that interrogative sentences, in addition to appearing as elements of expressive syntax, have a significant opening (cataphoric) value in developing the novel's narrative content. In addition, the paper points out the stylistic possibilities and values of the vernacular idiom in the stylization of novelistic expression with folk expression.

Process of language Use and Development: Case Studies in 6 Years of Age

The aim of this research is to determine the process of first language acquisition and development in 6 year old children. The method used in this research is a qualitative analysis method. The technique used in processing data and obtaining data is through observation and interviews with parents and children directly (face to face). The results of the research show that children's language development goes through several patterns, namely crying, cooing, moaning, intonation patterns, one-word speech, two-word speech, data inflections, interrogative sentences, rare/complex constructions, and mature speech.Furthermore, there are several levels of children's language, namely pre-speech, first words when names appear, word combinations and grammar. Meanwhile, there are several ways for children to acquire language, namely through acquisition and teaching. There are four factors in language acquisition, namely biology, environment, intelligence, and motivation. Parental involvement and supervision also greatly influences the complex process of children's language development.

Modern Uyghur evidentials in interrogative sentences

Modern Uyghur evidentials in interrogative sentences

The Diversity among the Reason and Purpose Denoting Wh-Adverbs in Turkish

The study was carried out to determine the contexts in which the single word reason and purpose denoting wh-adverbs in Turkish are used more frequently than one another. The target wh-adverbs are neden, niye and niçin, all of which are translated into English as why. It is argued here that niçin and niye focus on the goal of the target event which will take place in the future while neden focuses on the cause of the target event that took place in the past. Another argument was that the preference over niye and niçin also varies in accordance with the given context. A gap filling task (n-82; 49 female, 33 male; age: 19.5), a wh-question formation task (n-63; 42 female, 21 male, age: 20,7) and a corpus based analysis (Turkish National Corpus, 1157 interrogative sentence) were carried out to test the arguments. The obtained results supported the hypotheses of the study. Niçin and niye are more prominent in denoting purpose while neden is more preferable in expressing reason. It was also observed that the frequencies for niye and niçin vary with the given contexts. The existence of the other adverbs in the target context influences the preference over them.

Interrogative sentences used by A.Kunanbayuly: structural and semantic features

Зерттеу жұмысында қазақтың ұлы ақыны, философ-ойшыл А.Құнанбайұлының қара сөздерінде қолданылатын сұраулы сөйлем құрылымдары мен семантикалық ерекшеліктері қарастырылған. Абай шығармашылығында адам маңызды орын алады. Зерттеу нысанына алынып отырған А.Құнанбайұлы өзінің қара сөздерінде адам мінезінің түрлі жақтарын, жан мен тәнді, махаббат пен ғадаләтті, адамгершілік пен надандықты, ақиқат пен зұлымдықты тереңнен толғай отырып, адамның жағымды мінездерін өз оқырманына үлгі қылып көрсетіп, жаман мінездерден жиіркенуіне насихаттайды. Ойшыл-ақын шығармаларында жан мен тәннің арақатынасы, адамның психологиялық даму жолындағы тәрбие мен білімнің атқаратын қызметі, сондай-ақ, бала психологиясы мен қоғамдық психологияның жекелеген мәселелері де (адамның жеке басына жіне жасына байланысты ерекшеліктері, әдеп, үлгі-өнеге, өзін-өзі тәрбиелеу және т.б.) көрініс тапқан. А.Құнанбайұлы философиялық ойларын тұжырымдап, оқырманға жеткізуде сұраулы сөйлем түрлерін жиі қолданған. Зерттеу жұмысының мақсаты ‒ А.Құнанбайұлының қара сөздеріндегі сұраулы сөйлем құрылымдарын анықтап, жасалу жолдарын, құрылымдық-семантикалық сипатын қарастыру. Қойылған мақсатқа сай зерттеу жұмысында сұраулы сөйлемдер жеке синтаксистік құрылым ретінде қарастырылып, олардың құрылымдық ерекшеліктері анықталды. Әрі А.Құнанбайұлының қара сөздерінде қолданылған сұраулы сөйлемдердің жасалу жолдары талданып, қолданылу жиілігінің статистикасы берілді. Сұраулы сөйлем басқадан жауап күту, тыңдаушының ой-пікірін білу мақсатымен қатар, пікір білдіру, ақпарат беру мағынасында қолданылатыны, әрі түрлі модальді мағыналарды үстейтіні талданды.

Grammatical Features in Language Contact Setting: The Case of 3è and 1ère students of GBHS Koza and GHS Mozogo

The most common way that languages influence each other is in the exchange of words. The present study deals with grammatical features in essays written by students of GBHS Koza and BHS Mozogo and their natural occurring interactions which are the empirical foundations of primary data source. The research adopted the qualitative and quantitative approaches. The corpus comprises 250 essay writing scripts collected in February 2024. The data were processed and analysed using Kachru (1983a) theory on postcolonial and/or world Englishes. Results showed a new stream of CamFE in the grammatical features found in students’ essays and interactions which include haphazard relative pronouns, articles omission, object omission in nominal phrase, lack of subject-verb agreement, possessive adjectives, misplacement of adjectives, non-standard construction of interrogative sentences and adjectival reduplication.

The realization of interpersonal meanings in cosmetic Maybelline New York in 2018 advertisements.

Interpersonal meaning is the interaction between the speaker and the listener and the writer and the reader. This study aims to determine the structure of mood and how the structure of mood is found. The purposes of this study are (1) to be more sensitive to the mood structure shown in Maybelline New York cosmetic advertisement. (2) to investigate the reason of why interrogative sentences are more difficult to find than declarative sentences. Through this research, we can see the types of mood structures, and how these mood structures are used. The type of research approach used is descriptive qualitative. Research in this case describes systematically, factually and accurately facts and causal relationships of the phenomena studied. The sources of data in this study are eight cosmetic Maybelline New York products, namely the Maybelline gel pencil, L'oreal colour riche nail, Maybelline mascara and eyeliner, Maybelline creamy lipmatte and Maybelline eyeshadow, Maybelline eyeliner, Maybelline lipstick, and Maybelline clear smooth all in one. In analyzing the data, the researcher of the 2014 Halliday theory revised by Mathiesse found that there are three types of manifested mood, four types of realized speech function, and mood-based realization of speech function. The moods manifested were declarative (48.64%), interrogative (5.40%) and imperative (45.94%). Speech functions that are realized are statements (48.64%), questions (5.40%), offers (18.91%) and command (24.32%). It can be concluded that declarative sentences are mostly found in Maybelline New York products. Researchers suggest that readers be more careful in using mood structures in cosmetic advertisements so that there are no misunderstandings.

Teasing about epistemic transgressions: The use of the Japanese utterance-final jan

This study investigates an interactionally delicate social action of teasing in Japanese conversation. While teasing commonly carries combined elements of provocation and playfulness, it also encompasses a diverse range of functions. This research specifically looks into teasing proffered with the utterance-final expression jan, a plain form of the negative interrogative sentence ending ja nai desu ka. By employing conversation analysis, this study argues the following points: 1) prospective tease recipients or participants other than teasers allude to some epistemic transgression prior to jan-marked teases; 2) teasers, in a form of playful provocation, refer to the epistemic transgression inferable from a prior turn(s) or prior conduct of the prospective tease recipients, and present the epistemic transgression as information supposedly shared with the tease recipients and/or tease audience; and 3) jan-marked teasing can become a resource to establish and join the co-construction of the humorous, jocular teasing moment of interaction. Furthermore, this study attempts to capture embodied aspects of teasing activities involving the utterance-final jan.

Transformer Models for Brazilian Portuguese Question Generation: An Experimental Study

Unlike tasks such as translation or summarization, generating meaningful questions necessitates a profound understanding of context, semantics, and syntax. This complexity arises from the need to not only comprehend the given text comprehensively but also infer information gaps, identify relevant entities, and construct syntactically and semantically correct interrogative sentences. We address this challenge by proposing an experimental fine-tuning approach for encoder-decoder models (T5, FLAN-T5, and BART-PT) tailored explicitly for Brazilian Portuguese question generation. Our study involves fine-tuning these models on the SQUAD-v1.1 dataset and subsequent evaluation, also on SQUAD-v1.1. Through our experimental endeavors, BART returned a higher result in all the ROUGE metrics, as ROUGE-1 0.46, ROUGE-2 0.24, and ROUGE-L 0.43, suggesting a higher lexical similarity in the questions generated, and it is comparable to the results of the question generation task for the English language. We explored how these advancements can significantly enhance the precision and quality of the question generation task in Brazilian Portuguese, bridging the gap between training data and the intricacies of interrogative sentence construction.

Investigating Lexical and Syntactic Differences in Written and Spoken English Corpora

This paper presents an analysis of the differences between written text and the transcription of spoken text using current Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods. The purpose of the study is to investigate the long and rich history of attempts to differentiate spoken and written text in fields such as linguistics, communication, and rhetoric, which date back to the early 20th century. Given the availability of large quantities of machine-readable data and machine learning algorithms that can handle them, it is possible to use a large number of derived features. The research focuses on syntactic and lexical differences in written books and transcriptions of speeches by United States presidents. The analysis investigates morphological, lexical, syntactical, and text-level aspects. In this process, multiple features have been considered including lexical diversity, syllable count, frequency of parts of speech, and features relating to the parse tree, like the average length of noun phrases, and the use of interrogative sentences, among others. This study will enhance our understanding of the difference between written text and the transcription of spoken text in various disciplines including computer science, applied linguistics, communication, and similar fields.

Russian and Arabic documentary tradition: syntactic aspect

The object of the study is documents of business correspondence in Russian-Arabic official communication; the subject of the study is the syntactic features of Russian and Arabic business documents, the similarities and differences between Russian and Arabic syntax in business communication. Syntactic organization is very important for business writing; it serves as the final stage of its structure. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the identification of universal and culturally determined features of the syntactic structure in relation to Russian and Arabic-language business writing. Among the universal elements are the use of sentences that convey the non-personal nature of communication, indirect expression of imperativeness (using forms of the subjunctive mood, interrogative sentences), introductory words with the semantics of politeness. Original syntactic constructions can be used to achieve a similar communicative effect. The research was carried out on the basis of methods of analysis, synthesis, observation, description. Methods of component analysis, interpretation and classification, a system-structural method, and elements of a functional approach were used. As a result of the study, it was noted that the differences in the syntactic structure of Russian- and Arabic-language business letters are culturally and historically determined. The specifics of Arabic business syntax were influenced by increased requirements for the expression of politeness in society (indication of the regalia of the addressee), the predominance of the collective over the personal in culture, the origin of the official business style from the artistic, and not from the colloquial (long sentences). It is concluded that it is necessary to take into account cultural and historical factors both in the process of constructing business letters and in the process of their mutual translation. Among the important techniques of Russian-Arabic translation are combining sentences and increasing content