Interrelated Activities Research Articles

IMPLEMENTATION METHODS OF HUMANISTIC IDEAS OF EDUCATION BY THE ART OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATORS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20th – AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21st CENTURIES

The article substantiates the transformative status of education methods by means of art that have a personality-oriented pedagogical effect. Methods are considered as ways of interrelated activities of a teacher and students, aimed at educating personal qualities, attitudes, beliefs, behavior, skills for the development of musical artworks. The humanistic guidance of education is aimed at planning the spiritual growth of the child, their independence, creativity, freedom of choice, emotional sensitivity, thinking, based on the positions of national educators of the second half of the 20th at the beginning of the 21st centuries. Emphasis is placed on the selection principles of methods for practical artistic activity, defined by Z. Zhofchak, I. Bekh, I. Zyazyun, O. Lobova, L. Masol, O. Mykhailychenko, L. Koval, O. Otych, G. Padalka, G. Poberezhna, O. Rostovsky, O. Rudnytska, V. Sukhomlynsky, O. Khyzhna, V. Cherkasov, V. Shatska, and others.
 It is emphasized that the method of free choice situations simulates the moment of real life. Subject to the natural situation of free choice, the educator uses it in order to provide an opportunity for students to choose the work independently, its evaluation, character, performer, etc. Sometimes the teacher has to create a situation that evokes in students the appropriate ideas, feelings, motives, actions. Making the final decision causes emotional experience because the responsibility for the choice can determine the direction of the student’s activities and behavior.
 The method of organizing of the value and meaningful students’ activities is associated with the system actualization of students’ personal attitudes to reality, art with the display of their spiritual and life values, development of emotional abilities, intelligence, enrichment of artistic thesaurus, the social and ideal image of “ME.” It is a way of teacher and students’ activity by means of which their emotional needs are actualized and met, aimed at ensuring adequate students’ experience of moral and aesthetic meanings of historical facts, the content of artworks. The method of organizing artistic and pedagogical communication is aimed at mastering the ways of constructive, effective, and comfortable students’ communication with peers in the process of musical activity, as well as the mastering and acquisition of positive experiences by them.
 The content of such methods as educational conversation, discussion, auditory visualization, self-knowledge, emotional drama, empathy, stimulation of productive musical activity is revealed.

Line Of Balance Method In Fmipa Tower Its Surabaya Building For Architecture And Mep Scheduling Method

A project is defined as a series of interrelated activities where there is a starting point and an end point, and aims to achieve technically desired results. To manage the course of a construction project requires a scheduling method. In the case study of this research, the Advanced Construction Project of FMIPA Tower ITS-Suklilo, Surabaya. It has a typical type of work, so it is necessary to have an appropriate scheduling method as an alternative method to the S Curve that has been used in the implementation process. Line Of Balance (LoB) is a project scheduling method aimed at the type of work that is repetitive. Therefore, it is very suitable when used in projects according to the case study of this research. The purpose of using this method is to know the level of work effectiveness and also to know the advantages and disadvantages resulting from the process of analyzing using the Line of Balance method. The results of the analysis using the Line of Balance method found that the total duration was 169 calendar days, 11 days different from the duration of the S Curve according to the contract. This happens because of the use of buffers which are very helpful in selecting jobs, so that between work items do not precede each other or because of work conflicts.

Clinical decision support systems with team-based care on type 2 diabetes improvement for Medicaid patients: A quality improvement project

BackgroundThe prevalence of clinical inertia, the failure of appropriate treatment intensification in diabetes treatment, is a well-documented worldwide phenomenon. This project addresses the problem of clinical inertia through three interrelated activities, clinical decision support (CDSS), team-based care, and patient engagement in diabetes management. ObjectivesThe purpose of this research is to provide analysis under the State-University Partnership Learning Network regarding the impact of an electronic decision support tool combined with team-based care workflow on provider decision-making and patient outcomes for the treatment of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (diabetes) among patients receiving Kentucky Medicaid. The objectives of this study are to 1) assess clinical outcomes of type 2 diabetes in the Medicaid population with team-based care using CDSS, 2) evaluate physicians' and pharmacists' experience on CDSS. MethodsThis is a quality improvement project using a mixed-method - longitudinal and control group comparison of outcomes based upon clinical measures and online surveys of providers and pharmacists involved in this project. ResultsPatients treated by providers who changed the treatment regimen to one that either fully or partially followed the recommendation of the CDSS tool had a statistically significant reduction in HbA1c with an average initial HbA1c of 10.1 and the final HbA1c of 8. The online survey of physicians shows that more than 80% of physicians agree the use of CDSS will support improved patient outcomes. The use of a team-based care approach that includes pharmacists in implementing treatment changes was broadly supported by both physicians and pharmacists. ConclusionCDSS combined with team-based care can be effective in reducing HbA1c to targeted therapeutic levels. The use of CDSS provides a way to efficiently assess more than 160 potential frontline drugs and properly accelerate treatment. Consistent with the research literature, the inclusion of pharmacists can play a key role in team-based care to assess treatment alternatives and provide for improvement in outcomes and patient adherence for diabetes. The user surveys show both physicians and pharmacists have a positive attitude toward CDSS.

Visual Decision Support System Model for Managing Unemployment by Hybrid Education

Hybrid eeducation is an approach that helps in conducting face-to-face and online ddistance learning especially for formal education. However, during COVID-19 pandemic, formal education institutions including schools and universities as well as informal education tthrough the media for communities and industries are practiced by the lawmakers to manage workplace distancing. Food supply chain are experiencing unexpected disruptions due to interrelated activities that will determine supply chain performance and efficiency. This article explores the challenges faced by food industry and related sectors due to emergence impact of COVID-19 in Malaysia. Food supply chain management (FSCM) is a complex task involving interconnected activities and numerous stakeholders for a specific food product from raw materials to final product before it reaches the end customers. An overview of COVID-19 scenarios, followed by the impact of pandemic towards the activities in food supply chain, and the management issues that need to be addressed are presented. Several challenges identified are including the worldwide implication of the pandemic scenarios to food supply chain management and food supply chain activities, and indirect impact of supply chain disruption to labour force; unemployment and retrenchment. Finally, a visual decision support system (VDSS) model is developed to illustrate the main impacts of the pandemic scenario on food supply chain as well as addressing the labour management and opportunities. It has potential to provide general guidelines to educators, policy-makers, and decision-makers to deal with uncertainties after the pandemic.

Biochemical Mapping of the Inflamed Human Dental Pulp

Dental pulp inflammation, caused by the evolution of caries, involves numerous interrelated activities at a cellular and molecular level. Cytokines, proteases, growth factors, and other biomarkers of the host response may take part in dental pulp’s immune defense. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the levels of inflammation, oxidative stress, and extracellular matrix degradation biomarkers in healthy and symptomatic irreversibly inflamed dental pulp samples from children and adolescents. Twenty-three dental pulp samples were collected from permanent teeth with irreversible inflammation, while nineteen healthy dental pulp samples were obtained from teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. Pulp lysates were obtained and the levels of IL-2, IL-17, TNF-α, SOD3, TGF-β1, catalase, osteocalcin, MMP-7, and MMP-9 were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. We detected significantly higher levels (p < 0.001) of IL-2, IL-17, TNF-α, SOD3, osteocalcin, and TGF-β1 in pulp samples with irreversible inflammation than in controls. Catalase and MMP-7 showed higher levels in the experimental group, while MMP-9 showed slightly increased levels in the control group, but none of these differences were statistically significant (p = 0.064/p = 0.061/p = 0.625). Inflamed dental pulp samples showed an up-regulation of IL-2, IL-17, TNF-α, SOD3, osteocalcin, and TGF-β1. These biomarkers appear to have a powerful role in the inflammation process of human dental pulp.

Метод формирования регулярной обратной информационно-технологической связи в автоматизированных системах управления бизнес-процессами предприятия

Given the multifaceted nature of the concept of business process, we will limit ourselves to defining business process as a set of interrelated activities or works aimed at creating a certain product or service for customers. From the perspective of the BPM concept, business processes are valuable resources of an enterprise and their management is part of the system of organizational activities, i.e. the organizational system of automated enterprise business process management. Research Objective. Automation, then, is also a business process whose objectives are: the development (acquisition), implementation and operation of software and hardware designed to implement new business process capabilities (which simply were not in the manual loop), optimize and increase the speed of the existing business process, improve working conditions, reduce labor requirements, etc. There is a new direction – computer integration of information. Materials and methods. It is suggested that monitoring deviations from business process requirements be used to organise regular information-technology feedback in the of automated business process management systems of an enterprise. Results. Automation of a business process endows a business process with a new feature – the abi-lity to obtain operational data on all prescribed activities and to integrate all interacting objects of the business process in the implementation of the prescribed set of target functions. In some cases, business process automation is performed to streamline IT-related activities inside the organization. This includes the management of internal resources of the organization – financial, material, human resources, etc. Conclusion. Due to the presence of a sufficiently large number of “legacy systems”, the constantly increasing dynamics of changes in the external environment and the business proces-ses themselves, the task of ensuring the correctness of systems functioning in the absence of the current information model and the current documentation of the automated system seems relevant.

Tingbjerg Changing Diabetes: Dynamic intersectoral collaboration in community health promotion

Abstract Background Intersectoral collaborative action is a beneficial and cost-effective strategy in health promotion and multilevel, comprehensive interventions are increasingly used to prevent chronic diseases. Yet, more knowledge is needed on processes of sustainable intersectoral partnership building. Tingbjerg Changing Diabetes (TCD) is a long-term (2014-2032) initiative to promote health and prevent type 2 diabetes in the socially disadvantaged neighbourhood Tingbjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark. TCD applies the Supersetting approach to mobilise community resources and to attain synergistic effects through coordinated engagement of multiple stakeholders in multiple settings in local community. The Supersetting approach constitute five core principles: integration, participation, empowerment, context-sensitivity, knowledge. Activities draw on Community Action Research. Methods The paper analyses partnership building processes in TCD. Data includes contextual analyses, log data, notes from partner meetings/workshops, partner interviews and activity process evaluations. Partners include educational, private and public institutions (incl. Copenhagen Municipality), a local political committee, social housing associations and research institutions. Results Drivers of sustainability of TCD related partnerships included trusting, dynamic and flexible relations established at multiple levels of involvement. Local resource identification and co-creation processes ensured feasibility of activities by involving most relevant partners. The evolvement of interrelated project activities based on shared goals, structures and principles fostered cohesion of TCD's intersectoral partner collaboration. Conclusions The intersectoral partner collaboration in TCD was established, maintained and expanded through iterative processes of activity and project development. Thus, TCD has been effective in mobilizing and integrating multiple intersectoral partners in community health promotion. Key messages The sustainability of TCD intersectoral partner engagement and collaboration is driven by dynamic relations at multiple levels ensuring consistent, yet flexible engagement. The iterative project development building on community interests and shared goals, structures and principles maintain the dynamic partnerships of TCD.

How to evaluate and improve e-commerce implementation and administration success state? A new approach for managing success-relevant activities

Achieving e-commerce success is influenced by a variety of interrelated activities. Identifying, analyzing and prioritizing these activities enable decision-makers firstly to evaluate the current success state of Electronic Commerce (EC) businesses more accurately and then to develop an efficient improvement plan to allocate limited resources to achieve a higher level of success. In this research, a Fuzzy Cognitive Maps- analytical hierarchy process (FCM-AHP) approach is used to address this issue by: (1) determining interrelationships between influential activities, (2) determining how much these activities influence each other and the overall success, and (3) prioritizing activities to develop a sound improvement plan. In this approach, the FCM technique is used to indicate all possible causal interrelationships between activities and consider all feedback loops between them. Then, the AHP ( analytic hierarchy process) technique is used to determine the contribution weights of activities to the overall success. The obtained management matrices that make it possible to categorize influential activities and the results of improvement scenarios help the decision-makers to develop the most efficient improvement plan and gain the maximum benefit from the allocation of limited resources. An empirical study is implemented to serve as an example to indicate how the approach works .

Using the Invasive Weed algorthim for solving Network Analysis problems

يتكون أي مشروع من مجموعة من الأنشطة المتداخلة والمترابطة وفق ترتيب معين والتي تنفذ في وقت محدد. حجم المشاريع وارتفاع تكاليفها وتعقيدات نشاطاتها جعلها بحاجة إلى تخطيط مسبق ودقيق. من هنا جاءت فكرة شبكات الأعمال حيث اعتمد التحليل العلمي لتخطيط المشاريع وجدولتها ومراجعتها من خلال تمثيل هذه المشاريع بشبكة توضح تسلسل انشطتها بتكاليف واوقات مناسبة. وتحتاج مثل هذه الشبكات إلى وقت وجهد لتنفيذها من هنا جاءت فكرة البحث حيث قامت الباحثة باستخدام احدى التقنيات الذكائية (خوارزمية الأعشاب الضارة) وتطبيقها على بعض مسائل شبكات الأعمال التي تتطلب وقتا وجهدا كبيرين يكبران كلما كبر حجم المشروع , من خلال تطبيق الخوارزمية على بعض هذه المسائل نجحت في تحقيق النتائج المطلوبة في وقت قياسي (دقائق معدودة) وحسب حجم المسالة, وجهد لا يكاد يذكر, ففي المسالة الأولى حققت النتائج (الوقت المتوقع لكل نشاط, تحديد المسار الحرج, حساب الوقت اللازم لإنجاز المسار الحرج) في دقيقة تقريبا والمسالة الثانية في دقيقتين الا بضع ثوان اما الثالثة فلقد اعطت النتائج لها في دقيقتين ونصف تقريبا, وبهذا تكون هذه التقنية الذكائية قد حققت النتائج المطلوبة بأقل وقت وجهد ممكنين يمكن استخدام مثل هذه التقنية وتنفيذها على مسائل في مجالات مختلفة لما لهذه التقنية من دقة وكفاءة وسرعة في حل المسائل.

A decision-relevant hierarchical valuation instrument for freshwater restoration

Freshwater quality is multi-dimensional with many interrelated activities, indicators, and demand-relevant values. Managers of freshwater restoration funds have an obligation to invoke social values when deciding on specific interventions, and balance values with other important criteria. However, it is often difficult to apply non-market values to operational decisions because valuation attributes are either not decision-relevant, ecologically irrelevant, incomplete in scope, or not able to be aggregated or disaggregated to the required spatial scale. The purpose of this study is to develop a stated preference instrument strategically positioned to be relevant to freshwater restoration institutions in New Zealand. The study uses a hybrid approach with different measurement methods to enable the elicitation of not only total willingness to pay for crown restoration activities, but also to decompose values by restoration goal and distance. To solve the problem of the large number of relevant attributes, a novel hierarchical budget allocation approach is used in combination with the recently developed Multiple Discrete-Continuous Nested Extreme Value (MDCNEV) model. The lowest level of the hierarchy includes discrete choice questions to elicit quality and distance trade-offs.

Why to research about innovation is challenge?

Innovativeness! Where is its place? Among several changes around the world because the pandemic of COVID-19, where would be the real place of innovation? Looking at years ago, we majority saw a technological perspective about innovation to attend demanding of business market. Today, we are sure that innovation assume and take new places socially and economically, which demanding for researchers’ additional skills and abilities to follow the dynamism of this scientific field.Researching about innovation become a challenge because it demands to put a deep effort to booster knowledge about its taxonomy, nature, definitions, mechanisms and theorical foundations. All researchers must provoke in their studies an enhancement of these basic perspectives about innovation in terms of keeping them alive or promote radical change to raise the evolution of innovation theory. Therefore, we run through these dimensions in the editorial to encourage researchers not to forget to contribute to some of these fields of innovation research.Taxonomy of innovation is presented in various ways in the literature. Eight different types are found including replication, redefinition, forward incrementation, advance forward incrementation, redirection, reconstruction, re-initiation, and integration (Agarwal Verma, 2019). This information is relevant to give us how innovation offer a tong of possibilities for scientific research beyond of technological perspectives as we are seen nowadays.As definition, innovation would be seen like a process of interrelated activities to introduce and apply new ideas, processes, procedures, or device and systems designed to significantly benefit the individual, the group, the organization, or wider society (Cabrilo Grubic-Nesic, 2013; Rogers, 1995). Innovation may refer to a process in which an organization must actively develop new knowledge to solve identified problems (Nonaka, 2005) highlights that it depends heavily on knowledge (Gavrilova et al., 2018). It brings a perspective that innovation demand more than technology existence, it demands people engaged, structure available and a huge level of goodwill, cooperation and applied knowledge.The mechanisms describe in the literature adopted a multidimensional analysis, however, to synthetize we adopt March (1991) who bring two forms of innovation mechanisms; exploitative and exploratory, which means innovation could be realized through the exploitation of existing knowledge and processes, or the exploration of new knowledge and processes (March, 1991). It means, to innovate require work with existence resources and pursue new ones when they are necessary.Innovation is also considered crucial in solving problems of social and economic inclusion and in improving health and environmental outcomes (Porter Kramer, 2011; Tracey Stott, 2017), and in this vein we highlight the main nature of innovation to assist people and enterprises to prosper in the world.In theoretical foundation, Schumpeter’s original innovation concept is indeed broad enough and encompass different sectors such as services and manufacturing (Drejer, 2004). Most innovation studies focus on technological innovation within manufacturing, reflecting that innovation theory has its roots in a time where manufacturing was still the major economic activity. A synthesis approach of service innovation appears in a sequence bringing to additional aspects of innovation (Coombs Miles, 2000) and more recently the social innovation has been assuming new approach towards social and economic sustainability aspects combined (Mulgan et al., 2007).Developing innovation in the scientific field certainly requires specific talents. Taxonomy aggrandizes innovation possibilities, definitions offer likelihood to foster new perspectives, nature reminds that innovation is more than technology, mechanisms inform the requirements to innovate, and theoretical foundation exist to organize the history of innovation. Therefore, knowing about these perspectives can clarify how important it is to have an open and creative mind when we are expanding the history of innovation, by writing or by creating products and/or services.Diving into this challenge of researching innovation brings in its essence a relevant vision of the alignment between science and reality, joining forces for effective advances in innovation. Going beyond current research sources, escaping academic slush, and delving deeper into knowledge in search of real advancement. So, it requires resilience, discipline, partnerships, and continuous focus.

Reframing tension for transformation: Bridge-crossing | bridge-making | bridge-being

This article presents a leadership model called bridging that I continue to develop as I progressively acknowledge my embedded tendencies and tensions long-experienced at the intersections and margins of my multicultural self and in cross-cultural communities. From within this social location, I attempt to translate what has been a precarious leadership journey into an experiential model promoting intentional communities, interpretations, and activities with an overarching purpose of reframing tension for the work of transformation. My conceptualization of intentional communities has three descriptors: (1) multicultural, (2) value-driven, and (3) prophetic. I then invite leaders to consider their interpretations of three categories of common tensions: (1) tension among the community, (2) tension between reality and vision, and (3) tension residing within individual leaders. I posit that the practice of reinterpretation is crucial to the work of bridging. The praxis of bridging as a leadership model is then categorized into three interrelated activities: (1) bridge-crossing, (2) bridge-making, and (3) bridge-being. Each discussion is undergirded by a biblical exemplar and described as necessary for reframing destructive tension toward transformative tension. In the final section, I advocate that bridge-leaders commit to self-care through connectedness to what I explain as one’s spiritual home and core cultural home and as a crucial component in sustaining bridge leaders for their important role in helping communities reach their vision for personal, communal, and systemic change.

SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL WORK AS A FORM OF MANAGEMENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF A TEACHER

On the basis of consideration of theoretical, methodological and scientific literature, the essence of the basic concepts of the research problem have been analyzed. It has been established that control is inherent only in complex integral systems. It is determined that every teacher, head of an educational institution, at one’s position in cooperation with one’s colleagues, must perform one’s own specific functions, while simultaneously guiding one’s activities towards achieving the overall goal of the system. It is indicated that the management of the development of teacher's professional competence, as a rule, is carried out at several levels: hierarchical management (arises in connection with an order, instruction, requirement, the formation of regimes and restrictions, which are part of the main documentation of the educational institution); parity management (provides for democratic, interested, equal participation for all in the life and activities of an educational institution, in the process of which there are no authority and subordinates, but there is a useful joint activity focused on application of personal interests and qualities in common work; parity interaction makes it possible to discover hidden abilities of a teacher, there is mutual learning) and latent management (it aims at application of a large amount of information and opportunities from the outside to stimulate the teacher's creative search, push him to independently invent an idea or solution).
 It was found that scientific and methodological work in an educational institution is a holistic system based on the achievements of science and advanced pedagogical experience and on a specific analysis of the educational process, a system of interrelated actions and activities aimed at a comprehensive improvement of qualifications in the professional skills of each teacher and educator (including measures to manage professional self-education and self-education of teachers), to develop and increase the creative potential of the teaching staff, and ultimately to improve the educational process, to achieve the optimal level of education, upbringing and development of specific specialists.

Hearing, Reflection, and Cultivation: Relating the Three Types of Wisdom to Mindfulness

A text-historical perspective on the Buddhist scheme of three types of wisdom, acquired by hearing, reflection, and cultivation, shows that a bare listing in the earliest textual strata has led to somewhat differing perspectives in later exegesis of the Theravāda and Sarvāstivāda traditions, the former apparently being influenced by what appears to be an error in oral transmission. The more convincing position taken in Sarvāstivāda exegesis sees these three types of wisdom as interrelated activities that can rely on mindfulness, thereby testifying to the flexibility and broad compass of mindfulness in Buddhist thought as something not limited to a rigid division between theory and practice.

Personalized Risk Assessment for Prevention and Early Detection of Breast Cancer: Integration and Implementation (PERSPECTIVE I&I)

Early detection of breast cancer through screening reduces breast cancer mortality. The benefits of screening must also be considered within the context of potential harms (e.g., false positives, overdiagnosis). Furthermore, while breast cancer risk is highly variable within the population, most screening programs use age to determine eligibility. A risk-based approach is expected to improve the benefit-harm ratio of breast cancer screening programs. The PERSPECTIVE I&I (Personalized Risk Assessment for Prevention and Early Detection of Breast Cancer: Integration and Implementation) project seeks to improve personalized risk assessment to allow for a cost-effective, population-based approach to risk-based screening and determine best practices for implementation in Canada. This commentary describes the four inter-related activities that comprise the PERSPECTIVE I&I project. 1: Identification and validation of novel moderate to high-risk susceptibility genes. 2: Improvement, validation, and adaptation of a risk prediction web-tool for the Canadian context. 3: Development and piloting of a socio-ethical framework to support implementation of risk-based breast cancer screening. 4: Economic analysis to optimize the implementation of risk-based screening. Risk-based screening and prevention is expected to benefit all women, empowering them to work with their healthcare provider to make informed decisions about screening and prevention.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ УРОКУ ІНОЗЕМНОЇ МОВИ

The article considers the main features of a foreign language lesson in view of the goals and content of the lesson, its complex nature, structure and main types. Considerable attention is paid to the complex nature of work in the classroom, as all elements of language material – phonetic, lexical and grammatical – are interdependent in the implementation of foreign language speech activities. The specifics of goal setting are considered taking into account the features of the lesson, its structure and typology. The purpose of the lesson is a definite reflection of the ultimate goal, a specific part of it. Proper understanding of the purpose of the lesson should be based on a combination of two features of the lesson – language learning and complexity. Each foreign language lesson has a practical, educational and upbringing purpose. The structure of the lesson involves closely interrelated and independent activities of teachers and students, in which the learning process is embodied. The article focuses on the initial stage of a foreign language lesson, which prepares students to implement skills and abilities in various types of speech activities, such as speaking, listening, reading and writing. The beginning of the lesson is one of the constant stages of a foreign language lesson. The initial stage consists of various exercises, mostly oral. It can also be implemented in the form of dialogue between students, in the form of students asking a series of questions on a particular topic addressed to the class. The teacher may also suggest starting the lesson with a story based on familiar and understandable learning material. In addition, individual or frontal control can be performed at the beginning of the lesson. Since a foreign language lesson is a lesson in the development of skills, the stages of communication and consolidation of new knowledge are combined with the performance of various exercises. Lessons of different types, combined for a specific purpose, can form a system of thematic series, within which the objectives of the lessons vary in quantitative and qualitative terms. There are three such systems, namely, the system of lessons aimed at: 1) the development of oral skills and abilities; 2) reading and understanding the text; 3) for the development of both groups of skills. An overview of the typology of foreign language lessons developed and proposed by leading experts in the field of methods of teaching foreign languages is presented in order to emphasize the features of a foreign language lesson.

Acceptability and feasibility of inter-related activities to improve agency among African district health managers: A four-country study

ABSTRACT District health managers (DHMs) lead and manage Ministry of Health programmes and system performance. We report on the acceptability and feasibility of inter-related activities to increase the agency of DHMs in Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda using a cross-sectional rapid appraisal with 372 DHMs employing structured questionnaires. We found differences and similarities between the countries, in particular, who becomes a DHM. The opportunity to provide leadership and effect change and being part of a team were reported as rewarding aspects of DHMs’ work. Demotivating factors included limited resources, bureaucracy, staff shortages, lack of support from leadership and inadequate delegation of authority. District managers ranked the acceptability of the inter-related activities similarly despite differences between contexts. Activities highly ranked by DHMs were to employ someone to support primary care staff to compile and analyse district-level data; to undertake study tours to well-functioning districts; and joining an African Regional DHM Association. DHMs rated these activities as feasible to implement. This study confirms that DHMs are in support of a process to promote bottom-up, data-driven, context-specific actions that can promote self-actualisation, recognises the roles DHMs play, provides opportunities for peer learning and can potentially improve quality of care.

Dinâmicas Pedagógicas em Educação Ambiental: a problemática das abelhas

Com este artigo pretendemos descrever as dinâmicas pedagógicas numa turma do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico (CEB), na qual, a problemática ambiental está relacionada com a relevância das abelhas. Primeiramente, acedemos às perceções dos alunos sobre as abelhas. A seguir, procedeu-se à implementação do trabalho de projeto, propriamente dito, com cinco atividades articuladas entre si: (1) a entrevista a um apicultor; (2) a análise de uma notícia; (3) o estudo da biologia da abelha e da vespa asiática; (4) debate e palavras-chave (5) o cartaz coletivo com a forma de «favos de mel». Por fim, acedemos de novo às perceções das crianças sobre as abelhas, para podermos compreender a progressão das referidas perceções. A abordagem metodológica é de cariz qualitativo-fenomenológico, tendo por base a metodologia de projeto no desenrolar das dinâmicas pedagógicas. Para a recolha de dados, recorreu-se ao desenho infantil e aos textos elaborados pelas crianças e para a análise dos dados recorreu-se ao instrumento de Stephen Kellert (1996) Os resultados obtidos revelam que houve transformação na forma como os alunos percecionam a natureza, da qual, nós também fazemos parte (Coutinho & Rocha, 2019).

Business Process Management as a Determinant of Change in the Organisational Culture of Enterprises

Purpose: This study aims to determine the relationship between BPM and the organizational culture of enterprises. Design/Methodology/Approach: Business Process Management (BPM) is a series of interrelated activities that force companies to face specific contemporary challenges, i.e., competence, technology, and organizational, social, and environmental challenges. BPM assumptions bring opportunities to build new competitive advantages, create new areas of activity, and find new types of business benefits, but it also raises doubts and questions. The study assumes that mistakes made when implementing this concept result in enterprises' mismatched organizational culture. The empirical research was conducted in the SME sector. Findings: The research results indicate the importance of building an open organizational culture, as its creation will enable the creation of systems based on breakthrough relationships between an open organizational culture and BPM, which is necessary to create modern business model standards. Practical Implications: Signalling the role of culture in processes supporting BPM. Based on the conclusions drawn, it can be recommended that when implementing BPM assumptions, organizational culture should match the characteristics/values relating to this concept's assumptions, also requiring from employees and other involved parties an understanding of such culture. Otherwise, there is a risk that instead of BPM, the achieved result will be precisely the opposite of the intended one. Originality/Value: A theoretical and empirical study based on a literature review linking BPM with enterprises' organizational culture and the author's research. The paper attempts to define organizational culture as a form of support for implementing the BPM concept in enterprises.

‘Architectural literacy’: Functions of architectural drawing

‘Literacy’ refers to the ability to both assign meaning to – and to create messages. Transposing this concept to ‘architectural literacy’ could refer to the assigning of meaning to architectural messages and the ability to create such messages. ‘Architectural literacy’ suggests that architects employ a distinct language to communicate, process and design spatial propositions and that the knowledge of such literacy could be of importance to a broader community. In architectural practices, drawing is used to discourse about forms and spaces. Our approach to disassemble architectural drawings in a set of functions, aims to add understanding about a specific ability to learn and understand architecture. Disassembling architectural drawing in a set of functions stems from a reflective conversation upon our practices as drawing teachers in architectural faculties. In an attempt to (re)structure the didactic foundations of our own teaching practices, we started discussing the kind of drawings architects resort to. This research gradually revealed a set of distinct, yet interrelated functions and activities. We introduce architectural drawing as a specific faculty of a large field of drawing practices, which revolves around the convergence of perception, imagination, disclosure and artistic expression. Learning about the distinct activities and abilities to process forms and spaces provides a knowledge base to explore foundations of architectural reasoning.