Interpretation Of Texts Research Articles (Page 1)

This study is structured to trace the genesis of temple architecture in India through a detailed examination of its historical, religious, and cultural underpinnings, and to explore how these foundational elements are reflected in the heritage temples that dot the Indian landscape today. It seeks to address the following key questions: What are the roots of temple architecture in India, and how did they evolve across time and regions? How did religious texts and philosophical traditions shape the conception and construction of temples? The methodology employed in this study combines historical analysis, textual interpretation, and comparative evaluation. Primary sources such as inscriptions, temple manuals, and archaeological reports are examined alongside secondary literature from historians, archaeologists, and architectural theorists. Case studies of significant heritage temples across different regions are included to illustrate the diversity and continuity of architectural traditions. The dissertation adopts an interdisciplinary approach, integrating perspectives from history, art history, religious studies, and heritage conservation to provide a holistic understanding of the subject. As India negotiates its identity in a globalized world, the recognition and preservation of its temple heritage become crucial for sustaining cultural continuity and fostering national pride. Understanding the genesis and reflection of temple architecture offers insights into the broader narrative of Indian civilization and contributes to the ongoing dialogue between tradition and modernity. In conclusion, the heritage temples of India are not static relics of the past but dynamic embodiments of a living tradition that continues to evolve. Their genesis is rooted in a complex interplay of spiritual vision, architectural innovation, and cultural expression.

This study is structured to trace the genesis of temple architecture in India through a detailed examination of its historical, religious, and cultural underpinnings, and to explore how these foundational elements are reflected in the heritage temples that dot the Indian landscape today. It seeks to address the following key questions: What are the roots of temple architecture in India, and how did they evolve across time and regions? How did religious texts and philosophical traditions shape the conception and construction of temples? The methodology employed in this study combines historical analysis, textual interpretation, and comparative evaluation. Primary sources such as inscriptions, temple manuals, and archaeological reports are examined alongside secondary literature from historians, archaeologists, and architectural theorists. Case studies of significant heritage temples across different regions are included to illustrate the diversity and continuity of architectural traditions. The dissertation adopts an interdisciplinary approach, integrating perspectives from history, art history, religious studies, and heritage conservation to provide a holistic understanding of the subject. As India negotiates its identity in a globalized world, the recognition and preservation of its temple heritage become crucial for sustaining cultural continuity and fostering national pride. Understanding the genesis and reflection of temple architecture offers insights into the broader narrative of Indian civilization and contributes to the ongoing dialogue between tradition and modernity. In conclusion, the heritage temples of India are not static relics of the past but dynamic embodiments of a living tradition that continues to evolve. Their genesis is rooted in a complex interplay of spiritual vision, architectural innovation, and cultural expression.

Background: Electrocardiography (ECG) is a cornerstone of cardiovascular disease (CVD) diagnosis, but it faces limitations in spatial resolution and susceptibility to artifacts. Recent advances in vision-language foundation models, such as CLIP, offer potential for enhancing ECG interpretation by aligning multimodal data. This study introduces ECGCLIP, a novel model enabling the diagnosis of a broad spectrum of CVD by integrating ECG waveforms with clinical annotations. Methods: ECGCLIP was trained on 5 million ECG-image/report pairs from multicenter datasets, annotated by experienced physicians. Using a self-supervised contrastive learning framework, the model aligned ECG signals with textual interpretations. Performance was evaluated on 45 ECG tasks (e.g., arrhythmias, conduction disorders) and 29 echocardiography tasks (e.g., valvular diseases, heart failure) across internal and external validation cohorts, by comparing precision-recall AUC (PRAUC) under varying data regimes. Results: ECGCLIP achieved PRAUC improvements up to 0.5873 (e.g., AAI pacing: 0.0511 → 0.6384) and 0.5253 for rare conditions (e.g., Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome at 1% data). Critical conditions like ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) showed gains of 0.2170 (0.1156 → 0.3326), addressing traditional ECG limitations in ischemia detection. The model enhanced detection of valvular diseases (e.g., mitral stenosis: Δ+0.211) and heart failure (LVEF < 40%: Δ+0.139), with 79% generalizability retention for tricuspid regurgitation in external validation. With only 1% training data, ECGCLIP matched or exceeded full-data baselines (e.g., sinus rhythm PRAUC: 0.9747 vs. 0.9877). Gains in low-incidence diseases (e.g., hyperkalemia: Δ+0.0169) highlighted efficacy in sparse-data scenarios. External validation showed an overall PRAUC improvement of 0.1565, with consistent gains in ventricular pre-excitation (Δ+0.5253) but gaps in structural anomalies (e.g., mitral stenosis external Δ+0.100 vs. internal Δ+0.211), reflecting ECG's dependence on functional sequelae. Conclusion: ECGCLIP establishes a new paradigm for ECG interpretation by leveraging vision-language foundation models. It demonstrates exceptional data efficiency, enabling accurate diagnosis of diverse cardiac conditions—including rare and critical diseases—with minimal labeled data. The model's robustness across diseases supports its potential for deployment in resource-limited settings, enhancing accessibility and precision in CVD care.

This study investigates the effect of the Schema Activation Strategy on EFL students’ reading comprehension, particularly in analyzing and interpreting narrative texts. A quasi-experimental design was employed involving 68 eleventh-grade students divided into an experimental group and a control group. Over four weeks, the experimental group received instruction using schema-based activities such as K-W-L charts, pre-teaching vocabulary, visual aids, and case-based reading, while the control group was taught using conventional methods. Pre-tests and post-tests were administered to both groups, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential analysis (paired and independent samples t-tests). The results showed that both groups improved their reading comprehension performance; however, the experimental group demonstrated a significantly higher mean gain (9.94 points) compared to the control group (8.83 points). Furthermore, an independent t-test revealed a statistically significant difference in post-test scores between the groups (t = 2.439, p = 0.017), favoring the experimental group. These findings confirm that schema activation strategies, which engage learners' prior knowledge, effectively enhance inferential understanding, critical thinking, and textual interpretation in EFL contexts. The study suggests incorporating schema-based reading instruction into the EFL curriculum to foster deeper comprehension and metacognitive skills.

The Targumic Tosefta attributed to Solomon provides an interpretation of the biblical text of 1 Kgs 5:12–13. By analysing the symbolic differences between the two plants mentioned and by interpreting parallel passages in the rabbinic tradition, the study aims to verify whether the Tosefta allows for a theological reinterpretation of the figure of Solomon and his encyclopaedic knowledge. The main novelty is a reappraisal of the figure of the king who, through the aphorism, gives a lesson in humility: a man who becomes arrogant in his great knowledge becomes as sick as a leper, isolated from his context, and can be healed by recovering a humble attitude, like the biblical hyssop, crushed by all.

Some interpretations of Hindu scriptures and texts have been used to explicate how patriarchal views and practices function in the society as well as academia, such as the devaluation of women and the justification of male dominance. This article critically analyzes both mythological representations and lived realities of patriarchy, gender roles, and power structures as portrayed in the text Swasthani vrata katha and manifested in contemporary Hindu society in Kathmandu, Nepal. The findings of the paper are; although hyper- patriarchy exists in the present-day Hindu society with dichotomy and dialect in nature, people criticize, disagree and deny the concepts that are embedded in the Swasthani vrata katha but still, the respondents or participant devotees follow the vrata. The traditional roles of sãsu (mother-in-law) and buhãri (daughter-in-law) under patriarchy are gradually dissolved in the capitalistic frame of society. In the past, sãsu used to be a powerful agent of patriarchy and that of the patriarchal head (father-in-law) who controlled the economy of the family, mobility and sexuality. However, the scenario has altered at present and buhãri has turned dominant since her husband earns the remittance, which is transferred to her bank account and she decides where to spend, and what to purchase. Due to such economic independence, buhari plays decisive roles in the household chores and the public domain as well. This shift underscores the growing influence of economic agency in reshaping gender relations within Hindu families in urban Nepal.

ABSTRACT The global history of philology, like that of writing systems and other technologies, is characterized by diffusion and adaptation. These processes are made more difficult to grasp if we maintain a presentist focus on the Western philological tradition and its deeply Eurocentric legacy. Arguing against those who wish to resolve the problem by abandoning the term “philology” as irredeemably tainted, I propose that we introduce the notion of scale. Heuristically, it is helpful to think in terms of “small‐p” philology, the low‐level quotidian strategies and tools used by students and scholars to solve problems of textual interpretation, and “big‐P” Philology, a larger ideological edifice linked to metahistorical and transhistorical narratives about abstract concepts such as civilization, race, and religious truth. As a first step toward illuminating this issue of scale, this article excavates a highly specific moment of philological scholarship in twelfth‐century Japan and shows how a difficult word from a classical waka poem is explicated through the extension of an existing Chinese exegetical system. The example is taken from the Ōgishō , a pioneering treatise by the Heian period scholar Fujiwara no Kiyosuke (1104–1177).

IntroductionAcademic literacy in higher education has been widely studied, but less attention has been given to literacy practices within professional programmes such as nursing education. This study aimed to analyze one Swedish undergraduate nursing programme regarding the presence of academic and professional literacy, and secondarily to explore students’ note-taking as a component of literacy practices.MethodsThe study employed a descriptive and exploratory design, analyzing curriculum documents and surveying nursing students. An analysis of the intended curriculum (course syllabi) of a three-year undergraduate nursing programme at Karolinska Institutet was conducted to identify explicit and implicit literacy components. A digital questionnaire focusing on note-taking practices was distributed to second-semester students (n = 67; response rate 40%). Closed questions were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while open-ended responses underwent qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe curriculum analysis demonstrated that academic literacy was primarily addressed through scientific writing, group projects, and thesis work, particularly in the first two and final two semesters. Professional literacy was integrated across all semesters and included communication with patients, families, and interprofessional teams, documentation, and interpretation of professional texts. Surveyed students reported frequent note-taking, primarily during lectures and prior to examinations, using both pen and paper and digital devices, with a preference for pen and paper. Qualitative data indicated that students use note-taking mainly to support memorization, understanding, and exam preparation, with limited focus on professional literacy needs.ConclusionThe nursing curriculum integrates both academic and professional literacy practices, although with different emphases across the study period. Students’ current note-taking practices are predominantly academically oriented. These findings highlight the need for more explicit integration and scaffolding of both academic and professional literacy throughout nursing education to better prepare students for their future professional roles, i.e., for clinical communication, documentation, and interprofessional collaboration essential to safe and effective patient care.

This study is motivated by the limited comparative research between classical and modern Islamic scholars in understanding the concepts of muhkam and mutasyabih in the Qur’an, despite the fact that differing approaches to these concepts have significant implications for interpretative methodologies and the meaning of revelation in contemporary contexts. The aim of this study is to compare the interpretations of muhkam and mutasyabih according to Shaykh Manna’ Khalil Al-Qaththan and Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd. A descriptive qualitative method was employed using a library research approach, focusing on content analysis of the scholars’ key works—Mabahits fi ‘Ulum al-Qur’an by Al-Qaththan and Mafhum an-Nash by Abu Zayd. Data were collected through the review of journals, books, proceedings, and other relevant sources, and analyzed descriptively and analytically by comparing previous findings and synthesizing both thinkers’ perspectives. The results show that Al-Qaththan defines muhkam as verses that are clear, decisive, and foundational to Islamic legal rulings, while mutasyabih refers to ambiguous verses whose true meanings are known only to Allah. In contrast, Abu Zayd views muhkam and mutasyabih as symbols of textual dialectics that are inherently open to multiple interpretations, with meaning formed through the interaction between the text, the reader, and the socio-historical context. The main conclusion of this research is that an integrative understanding of muhkam and mutasyabih combines the theological firmness of Al-Qaththan’s classical perspective with the contextual interpretive flexibility of Abu Zayd. The implication of this study lies in its methodological contribution to the development of an integrative model of Qur’anic exegesis, enabling wise, relevant interpretations of the sacred text while maintaining the authority of revelation amid the dynamics of contemporary religious life.

<p>The interpretation of philosophical texts is always closely tied to social, historical, cultural, and biographical contexts, which influence how these texts are understood and accepted by readers. This study aims to analyze the role of texts and context in philosophical interpretation, as well as how their interaction gives rise to the diversity of existing schools of thought. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this research analyzes philosophical texts from various intellectual traditions, both Western and Eastern, through an in-depth literature review. The findings of the study show that although philosophical texts contain profound and universal meanings, they can be interpreted in different ways depending on the social, political, and cultural context of the reader, resulting in various philosophical schools such as rationalism, empiricism, existentialism, and others. Academically, this research contributes to enriching the study of philosophy, particularly in understanding the dynamics of diverse text interpretations, as well as their relevance in religious and social studies. The study also emphasizes the importance of understanding context in reading philosophical texts to obtain a more contextual and inclusive understanding of the development of philosophical thought.</p>

Under the background of core literacy oriented high school curriculum reform, this paper takes the art song "Eastward Journey of the Great River", which was created by Qing master based on Su Shi's "Niannujiao・Chibi Huaigu", as the research object, and constructs a theoretical framework for the interdisciplinary integration of music and language. Through the three dimensions of comprehending music through literature, interpreting literature through music, and symbiosis of art and literature, we analyse the correlation between the literary context of the poetic text and the acoustic structure of the musical composition. Combined with the teaching practice cases, we propose a three-step modelling teaching strategy of "mutual interpretation of text - general sense construction - migration and innovation", exploring the integration paths of the two in the levels of cultural identity, aesthetic experience, and thinking cultivation, and providing a reference paradigm for the interdisciplinary teaching of music appreciation and literature in high school. It provides a paradigm for the interdisciplinary teaching of music appreciation and literature in high school.

The ninth-century Eucharistic controversy between Paschasius Radbertus and Ratramnus of Corbie arose from divergent interpretations of Patristic theological texts. Paschasius Radbertus’ «Epistola ad Fredugardum» constitutes an invitation to correctly interpret the «auctoritates» in order to properly apprehend the presence of Jesus Christ in the Eucharist. This article examines the traditional significance of the term «intellegere» in Paschasius Radbertus, highlighting how he proposes that access to theological texts should mirror the manner in which the faithful partake in sacramental communion.

This article aims to examine Muhammad Iqbal’s contribution to shaping a hermeneutical paradigm of hadith as a response to the stagnation of Islamic textual interpretation, which has often been rigid and ahistorical. Rooted in the realities of Islamic intellectual modernization and the influence of Western civilization, Iqbal proposes a hermeneutical approach to reconstructing hadith understanding in a more contextual, dynamic, and relevant manner for contemporary challenges. This study employs a qualitative method, utilising a library research approach, to explore Iqbal’s works and the thoughts of contemporary Islamic hermeneutics scholars. The main findings reveal that Iqbal not only distinguishes legal hadith from pre-Islamic traditions but also emphasizes the importance of dialogue between the text, its historical context, and modern audiences. Iqbal’s contribution lies in his assertion that hadith, as prophetic revelation, must be interpreted creatively and transformatively to produce a universal and humanistic form of Sharia. This study enriches hadith scholarship by positioning hermeneutics as a relevant interpretive method in the development of progressive Islamic thought.

Abstract Modern astronomical surveys deliver immense volumes of transient detections, yet distinguishing real astrophysical signals (for example, explosive events) from bogus imaging artefacts remains a challenge. Convolutional neural networks are effectively used for real versus bogus classification; however, their reliance on opaque latent representations hinders interpretability. Here we show that large language models (LLMs) can approach the performance level of a convolutional neural network on three optical transient survey datasets (Pan-STARRS, MeerLICHT and ATLAS) while simultaneously producing direct, human-readable descriptions for every candidate. Using only 15 examples and concise instructions, Google’s LLM, Gemini, achieves a 93% average accuracy across datasets that span a range of resolution and pixel scales. We also show that a second LLM can assess the coherence of the output of the first model, enabling iterative refinement by identifying problematic cases. This framework allows users to define the desired classification behaviour through natural language and examples, bypassing traditional training pipelines. Furthermore, by generating textual descriptions of observed features, LLMs enable users to query classifications as if navigating an annotated catalogue, rather than deciphering abstract latent spaces. As next-generation telescopes and surveys further increase the amount of data available, LLM-based classification could help bridge the gap between automated detection and transparent, human-level understanding.

In today’s information-driven world, the capacity to analyze, assess, and think critically about information has emerged as a core objective of education. As traditional content-based instruction shifts toward skill-based learning, fostering higher-order thinking skills among students is increasingly prioritized in education. This study aims to examine the effect of the Socratic questioning method on the higher-order thinking skills of 6th-grade middle school students within the context of the Turkish language course. A quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test control groups was employed. The experimental group received instruction based on Socratic questioning, while the control group followed traditional teaching methods. The study focused on three core cognitive skills: critical thinking, critical reading, and creative thinking. Data were collected quantitatively through valid and reliable instruments: the Cornell Critical Thinking Test, a Critical Reading Scale, and the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (verbal form). Statistical analyses revealed that the Socratic questioning method significantly improved students’ performance in all three areas. The findings indicated that structured classroom discussions, guided by philosophical inquiry and critical reflection, fostered students’ reasoning, idea generation, and textual interpretation skills. The research contributes to the field by combining these three higher-order skills in a single experimental framework and by highlighting the potential of Socratic dialogue in language-based learning. Implications for educational practice and future research are discussed considering the results.

The article discusses the problem of increasing the efficiency of legislative technology, which is relevant in the modern domestic legal and forensic linguist expert communities, as well as issues of linguistic interpretation of legal text in the process of law enforcement. The work discusses the so-called controversial cases of interpretation of a normative legal act, when its content is interpreted differently by the participants in the trial, which creates obstacles to the effective operation of the legal system. This issue is considered based on collaboration of the authors - a practicing lawyer and a linguist expert - within the framework of arbitration proceedings. The exemplarity of the proposed case in light of the identified problem is due to the fact that the need to turn to special linguistic knowledge in this case was indicated by the court, which initiated the involvement of a linguist in the arbitration process. The need to obtain a written opinion of a specialist and subsequent clarification of its content in the courtroom is caused mainly by the peculiarities of the syntactic organization of the disputed text, namely the syntactic complexity characteristic of the Russian official business language. The article demonstrates the methodology of linguistic analysis of the text of the decree of the Ministry of Health, including the grounds to the choice of the proposed approach to the study of controversial linguistic material. The method of using linguistic knowledge in the judicial process and the place of the expert's conclusion in the general system of evidence in the case are shown. Using the material of a specific case, the authors identified the problems of modern Russian law-making technology, in particular, the discrepancy between the legal text and the requirements of consistency, unambiguity, clarity, and brevity. The focus of productive interaction between the linguistic and legal communities in the field of law-making is outlined.

Chile’s constitutional journey provides a unique lens through which to examine the role of referendums in both democratic and authoritarian contexts. This article traces the historical use of referendums, from their manipulation under Pinochet’s dictatorship to their application in recent democratic efforts to replace the 1980 authoritarian Constitution. Focusing on the 2020–2022 and 2023 constituent processes, it analyzes three referendums intended to legitimize constitutional change but resulting in the rejection of two contrasting proposals. The study reveals that these referendums, while designed to enhance democratic legitimacy, failed to achieve this goal, instead exposing the depth of Chile’s crisis of representation. Public disillusionment, media polarization, and the rise of populist actors distorted the referendums’ purpose, transforming constitutional debates and campaigns into platforms for routine political contestation. The Chilean case shows that communicating the scope and possible interpretations of the constitutional text is particularly complex in a campaign marked by a general atmosphere of distrust. Even more challenging is confronting informational disorder, especially when individuals in positions of authority participate in spreading misinformation. The use of constitutional referendums in Chile not only highlights their potential as democratic tools but also underscores their limitations, emphasizing the need for careful design and broader attention to the political and social context to ensure they serve democratic ends.

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the potential use of artificial intelligence (AI) and automated text analysis in modern linguistic education. Purpose: To explore the opportunities of integrating AI tools into the process of teaching language and literature. Relevance: The relevance of the study is determined by the rapid development of digital technologies and the need to adapt the educational process to new realities, especially through the integration of AI in the humanities. Methods: The study employs theoretical analysis of scholarly literature on digital transformation in education and empirical data obtained through a survey of philology students. Results: Key areas of AI application in education were identified: automatic spelling and grammar checking, text generation, lexical-semantic analysis, support for academic writing, and development of text interpretation skills. Survey results revealed that AI tools contribute to enhancing students’ motivation, engagement in learning, and skills in independent analysis. At the same time, the research highlighted risks such as reduced critical thinking, increased dependence on technology, and the replacement of originality with algorithmic patterns. Conclusion: Effective use of AI in linguistic education requires a pedagogically grounded approach that ensures a balance between technological assistance and the development of students' cognitive autonomy.

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) services can visualize Russian songs and poems. This option can be integrated into foreign language classes, e.g., as a tool for generating creative texts in teaching Russian as a foreign language. The method intersects with language pedagogy, including the receptive-productive approach to literary texts, creative writing instructions, and neuro-pedagogy that takes into account cognitive and emotional processing in digital environments. The article describes the theoretical substantiation and trial results of a promt-to-visualization method: fiction has to be interpreted as visual representations via an AI program that serves as a tool for developing written speech, creative language skills, and intercultural competence in foreign students. The theoretical framework incorporates the concepts of intersemiotic transformation, verbal vs. visual artistic expression, perception theory, and text interpretation. The experiment involved 28 foreign students (A2 Russian), who had to interact with GPT-4, Flyvi, and other AI programs to visualize Russian verses and lyrics. AI-based tools proved to enhance creative thinking, writing skills, and engagement. Promt-based visualization seems to be an effective interdisciplinary didactic instrument that expands the potential of creative language education in a digital learning environment.

This article considers the political stance and issue of violence in Kharijism not only as a historical event within Islamic civilization but also as a philosophical phenomenon that enables an exploration of the complex interplay between religion and politics. The religious interpretations of this movement, especially its radical branches, which interpret Quranic texts according to their own positions, go beyond traditional religious principles and raise profound philosophical questions related to justice, freedom, and moral responsibility. The strict principledness of the Kharijites and their extreme pursuit of justice draw particular attention to the relationship between religion and political power, as well as issues of civic responsibility and the legitimacy of authority. Moreover, their recourse to violence calls for a reconsideration of the philosophical and ethical foundations. In this context, this phenomenon allows for a philosophical rethinking of resistance to power and the limits of social order. In this regard, the Kharijite movement can be seen as a continuous expression of the search for balance between religion and politics, justice and authority, individual responsibility and society. The article also provides a comprehensive analysis of the philosophical dilemmas arising from the Kharijites’ interpretation of religious texts, the ethical contradictions in their political ideology and actions, and the reasons for their propensity toward violence. By philosophically analyzing the relationship between religion and politics, the study opens a path to a deeper understanding of the complex nature of the Kharijite movement and its historical-philosophical significance within Islamic civilization.