Definitive Interpretation Research Articles

Tocilizumab plus dexamethasone versus dexamethasone in patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 pneumonia: A randomised clinical trial from the CORIMUNO-19 study group

SummaryBackgroundIn moderate-to-severe COVID-19 pneumonia, dexamethasone (DEX) and tocilizumab (TCZ) reduce the occurrence of death and ventilatory support. We investigated the efficacy and safety of DEX+TCZ in an open randomized clinical trial.MethodsFrom July 24, 2020, through May 18, 2021, patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 pneumonia requiring oxygen (>3 L/min) were randomly assigned to receive DEX (10 mg/d 5 days tapering up to 10 days) alone or combined with TCZ (8 mg/kg IV) at day 1, possibly repeated with a fixed dose of 400 mg i.v. at day 3. The primary outcome was time from randomization to mechanical ventilation support or death up to day 14, analysed on an intent-to-treat basis using a Bayesian approach. ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04476979.FindingsA total of 453 patients were randomized, 3 withdrew consent, 450 were analysed, of whom 226 and 224 patients were assigned to receive DEX or TCZ+DEX, respectively. At day 14, mechanical ventilation or death occurred in 32/226 (14%) and 27/224 (12%) in the DEX and TCZ+DEX arms, respectively (hazard ratio [HR] 0·85, 90% credible interval [CrI] 0·55 to 1·31). At day 14, the World health Organization (WHO) clinical progression scale (CPS) was significantly improved in the TCZ+DEX arm (OR 0·69, 95% CrI, 0·49 to 0.97). At day 28, the cumulative incidence of oxygen supply independency was 82% in the TCZ+DEX arms and 72% in the DEX arm (HR 1·36, 95% CI 1·11 to 1·67). On day 90, 24 deaths (11%) were observed in the DEX arm and 18 (8%) in the TCZ+DEX arm (HR 0·77, 95% CI 0·42–1·41). Serious adverse events were observed in 25% and 21% in DEX and TCZ+DEX arms, respectively.InterpretationMechanical ventilation need and mortality were not improved with TCZ+DEX compared with DEX alone. The safety of both treatments was similar. However, given the wide confidence intervals for the estimate of effect, definitive interpretation cannot be drawn.FundingProgramme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique [PHRC COVID-19–20–0151, PHRC COVID-19–20–0029], Fondation de l'Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (Alliance Tous Unis Contre le Virus) and from Fédération pour la Recherche Médicale” (FRM). Tocilizumab was provided by Roche.

Jumping the Broom: The Surprising Multicultural Origins of a Black Wedding Ritual

In Jumping the Broom Tyler D. Parry sets out to provide the definitive history of a familiar matrimonial tradition. The book's impact, however, is considerably more profound: Parry demonstrates that there is not—nor can there be—a single definitive interpretation of this broadly multicultural, inevitably political, and deeply personal custom. While the book holds plenty of surprises, its title is somewhat misleading. Outside of an opening chapter on the earliest known examples of besom weddings, Parry writes less about “origins” than about the continual reimagining of the ritual over the past two centuries. He establishes that the tradition of newlyweds holding hands and jumping over a broom to seal the union was invented by marginalized people in the British Isles who found themselves excluded from church marriage, then most likely traveled to North America with Welsh immigrants, where it spread across time, distance, and cultures. Parry has uncovered evidence of broom...

Can plant or lichen natural abundance 15N ratios indicate the influence of oil sands N emissions on bogs?

Study regionThe 140,329 km2 Athabasca Oil Sands Administrative Area (OSAA), which contains 8982 km2 of bogs. Since the late 1970s, N emissions from oil sands development in the OSAA have steadily increased, reaching over 80,000 metric tonnes yr−1 in 2017. Study focusIf oil sands N emissions have distinct stable isotopic signatures, it may be possible to quantify the extent to which these emissions have affected N cycling in surrounding aquatic, wetland, and terrestrial ecosystems. To assess the potential for 15N as a tracer of oil sands N emissions, we measured natural abundance 15N ratios and tissue N concentrations in 10 plant or lichen species at 6 peatland sites at different distances from the oil sands region, collected on 17 sampling dates over three years (2009–2011). New hydrological insightsTo understand how the pressures of changing N and S deposition regimes and hydrologic disturbance interactively affect the region’s wetlands, it is critical to understand how these pressures act individually. The epiphytic lichen, Evernia mesomorpha, was the only species that exhibited patterns that could be interpreted as being influenced by oil sands N emissions. The paucity of data on δ15N signatures of oil sands related N sources precludes definitive interpretations of δ15N in plant or lichen tissues with respect to oil sands N emissions.

Acute and chronic exercise training in patients with Class II pulmonary hypertension: effects on haemodynamics and symptoms.

More than half of heart failure (HF) patients have concomitant pulmonary hypertension, impacting symptoms and prognosis. The role of exercise in this category of patients is still unclear, probably because of the lack of a clear relationship between exercise and acute and chronic pulmonary artery pressure variations and related changes in symptoms. The limited evidence on this topic is contradictory and hardly comparable due to use of different exercise programmes and pulmonary artery pressure assessment techniques. This is further compounded by different functional and structural classes of HF making definite assessments and interpretations of exercise effect on outcomes difficult. Exercise training programmes were proven beneficial in HF patients; however, the lack of data about their pulmonary haemodynamic effects prevents clear indications on the best exercise types for patients presenting secondary pulmonary hypertension and different HF categories. Indeed, some data suggest that not all HF patients have similar responses to training, leading to either beneficial or detrimental effects, depending on the HF type. Future studies, involving modern technologies such as continuous pulmonary artery pressure monitoring implantable devices, may clarify the current gaps in this field, aiming at patient‐tailored exercise training rehabilitation programmes, in order to improve clinical outcomes, quality of life, and hopefully prognosis.

Shakespeare and Queer Representation

Shakespeare and Queer Representation

Immunocytochemistry of effusions: Processing and commonly used immunomarkers.

Definitive cytopathological interpretation of some of the effusion fluids may not be possible based on cytomorphological evaluation alone. As discussed in other reviews, this is due to various reasons specifically applicable to effusion fluids including remarkably wide morphologic spectrum of reactive mesothelial cells overlapping with some well to moderately differentiated metastatic carcinoma. The challenge is subject to various factors including level of interpreter training or experience, institutional demographics (such as type of prevalent diseases, predominant sex and age group), technical advances in ancillary support, and expertise in cytopreparatory processing. In such cases immunohistochemistry performed on cell-block sections is simple objective adjunct with or without other ancillary techniques. Ongoing increase in number of immunomarkers along with rabbit monoclonal antibodies with relatively higher affinity is further refining this field. SCIP (subtractive coordinate immunoreactivity pattern) approach, discussed as separate dedicated review article, facilitates refined interpretation of immunoreactivity pattern in coordinate manner on various serial sections of cell-blocks. However, many variables such as delay after specimen collection, specimen processing related factors including fixation and storage; ambient conditions under which paraffin blocks are archived (for retrospective testing); antigen retrieval method; duration of antigen retrieval step; antibody clone and dilution; and antibody application time are common with application of immunohistochemistry in other areas. This review is dedicated to highlight technical aspects including processing of effusion specimens for optimum immunocytochemical evaluation along with commonly used immunomarkers in effusion cytopathology. This review focuses on the technical and general information about various immunomarkers.

Metastatic Carcinoma in Effusions.

Serous cavity may be involved by any neoplasm, including very rare examples of involvement by central nervous system tumors leading to a malignant effusion. The serous cavity lining is rich in lymphatics with lymphatic lacunae opening directly through narrow gaps (stoma) in the lining. Carcinomas mainly metastasize to serosa via the lymphatic vessels, which may be blocked leading to effusion. Primary carcinomas of organs such as lung, intestines, liver, ovary, etc., lined by serosal membranes may spread by direct extension, resulting in malignant effusions. As standard of practice, unless specified, cytopathologic examination of serous effusions implies detection of malignant cells.As compared to a surgical biopsy from a small focal area of an extensive serosal surface, effusion fluid from respective cavity exfoliates the cells from the entire serosal surface with minimal chance of sampling artifact. Because of this, effusion fluid cytology generally provides a higher diagnostic yield as compared to biopsy of the serous lining, as demonstrated by some studies. However, various challenges related to effusion fluid cytology makes the interpretation of effusion fluid cytology a field with potential misinterpretations, especially for those without proper experience or training.Developing and following a methodical approach is important for appropriate cytologic examination of effusion fluids. Proper approach may achieve definitive interpretation even without ancillary tests. However, lack of appropriate approach and processing may introduce a significant variation in interpretation due to combination of well-recognized diagnostic pitfalls, which may lead to lower reproducibility and even serious misinterpretations.Current review discusses in brief appropriate approach to processing and evaluating effusion fluid cytology for metastatic carcinoma. At general level, this is comparable to that of other specimens; however, it is critical to modify with reference to the limitations associated with effusion cytology.

Visualization for texture analysis of the Shitsukan Research Database based on luminance information

Thus far, there were the difference meaning and interpretation for definition of "Shitsukan". Therefore, there were many studies whether "Shitsukan" can be evaluated quantitatively or not. As one of the past our study, we carried out texture analysis for classification method of texture types by using the Shitsukan Research Database. As a result, we were able to see characteristics between contrast and correlation for texture types. In this paper, we analyzed statistically after comparing between texture analysis for classification method of texture types and luminance information in the Shitsukan Research Database for the free of charge obtained from Web. And then, we obtained novelty and knowledge discussing characteristics of texture types.

Risk and Reputation

Direct listing is an innovative alternative to a traditional initial public offering. Since direct listing was revived in 2018, there have been many lingering questions, particularly about the liability of financial advisors involved in the process. In a traditional IPO, a company retains an investment bank as an underwriter; the underwriter takes on a degree of financial risk and lends credibility to the company’s offering, often directly marketing the offering to potential investors. In a direct listing, however, investment banks act as financial advisors but do not assume financial risk or market the sale of securities. Section 11 is an important antifraud provision of the Securities Act of 1933, which imposes liability on all offering participants meeting the statutory definition of underwriter. Whether that definition fairly encompasses financial advisors is unsettled, resulting in uncertainty for both investors and offering participants. After arguing for the application of the Lehman Brothers interpretation of the underwriter definition, this Note then argues that financial advisors are not likely to be statutory underwriters under that interpretation. This Note therefore recommends against the application of section 11 liability to financial advisors. After briefly discussing the risks this conclusion implies for investors, this Note discusses what should be done. One scholar has suggested that section 11 liability should be imposed on financial advisors through exchange rules. But increasing liability is not without costs. Reframing the question as a choice between negligence-based liability and scienter-based liability, this Note points to the possibility that an increase in liability could undermine the primary benefits of direct listing. Drawing on a framework developed by Professor Assaf Hamdani, this Note finally discusses the possibility of using direct regulation in concert with scienter-based liability to incentivize financial advisors to be effective gatekeepers.

II международная научная конференция «Слово, текст, источник: методология современного гуманитарного исследования»

An overview of the main problems that were discussed during the II International Scientific Conference "Word, Text, Source: Methodology of Modern Humanitarian Research", which was held at the Institute of Slavic Culture of the Kosygin Russian State University (Technology. Design. Art) more than 130 participants from 10 regions of Russia and from 4 countries. The participants focused on topical issues of the methodology of philological research, problems of terminology and tasks of interdisciplinary research. The presented reports reflect the whole range of topical humanitarian research. The range of issues discussed is varied. These are new scientific areas, such as theolinguistics and linguotheology, questions of method, methodology and terminology, questions of lexicographic definition and hermeneutic interpretation, the problem of visualizing linguistic phenomena, analysis of the relationship between the categories "text" and "context", etc. Also, the attention of researchers is directed to the description of discourse and the solution of problems of metaphorical interpretation in different types of discourse; issues of reconstruction of the central concepts of the individual-author's picture of the world.

Семантический анализ понятий в диетологии: пищевой статус и состояние питания

The necessity of semantic analysis of the language of science is logically substantiated. The complexity and multi-level interpretation of definitions is demonstrated, as well as the need for linguistic description of terms in dietetics to achieve mutual understanding by specialists. Key words: language of science, nutritional science, dietetics, terminology, nutritional status, nutritional condition

Диегетическое исчезающее/невидимое в немом кино и его корни

The article studies the early silent cinema motif of disappearance or invisibility of bodies in a frame. In adventure and adventure-fantasy films, this motif performs a whole set of functions. Using the example of several films, I uncover its rich semantic potential. Further on, the mythological origins of the motif are analyzed, as are the role of theater, circus, attraction and fairy tale in the prehistory of the diegetic disappearing. Attention is paid to the aesthetics of the trick in Georges Méliès’ films, where the condition and location of the vanishing body remain uncertain. Narrative films suggest a more definite interpretation of the character’s disappearance. For instance, the final episode of the British film The Life of Charles Peace (1905) implies the hero’s death by execution. However, the invisibility of the body creates the illusion of a likely open finale. Another example is D. W. Griffith’s The Adventures of Dollie (1908) about a girl locked in a barrel and traveling down the river to be returned to her father in the end. The happy-end gives this melodrama a touch of fantasy, presenting America as a wise natural universe. Working with the motif of the diegetic invisible/disappearing is significant for the cinema aesthetics, regardless of the motivations and meaning of what is happening. The diversity of the diegetic invisible reflects the need of cinema to model the picture of the magical universe.

Thomas Carlyle’s Conception of Transcendentalism in Sartor Resartus and Its Application to Theorizing Postliberalism

Thomas Carlyle’s Sartor Resartus can be engaged and applied as a work of political philosophy. As satirical fiction, it has been ignored for its serious and normative implications. That Carlyle employs satire as a vehicle to construct and communicate philosophical conclusions should neither obscure nor detract from the practical significance of such conclusions. There is no singular and definitive interpretation of the meaning of Sartor Resartus in its totality, largely due to the question of irony surrounding its plot structure. Janice L. Haney acknowledges that there is a “problem,” which is not clearly resolvable, as to how to read Sartor Resartus’s “ironic surface,” especially since Carlyle uses multiple levels of fiction and the text has a fragmented style.1 Gerry H. Brookes argues that irony is a rhetorical device that Carlyle employs to convince the reader of the truth of transcendentalism.2 Albert J. LaValley maintains that the irony in Sartor Resartus articulates a pessimism with respect to humanity’s philosophical prospects, and thus a lack of affirmation of transcendentalism.3

Изменения концепта «Природа» в языковом сознании детей и подростков, вовлеченных в процессы цифровизации

The present paper deals with the issues of formation of the concept of NATURE in linguistic consciousness of a schoolchild, since it is exactly in childhood and adolescence that the worldview of surrounding reality emerges. The authors consider the topics of the semantic range and cultural significance of the concept NATURE in the Russian linguistic picture of the world of a child and adolescent. The study reveals and describes the dependence of conceptual content of consciousness on the real environment of existence of a modern child and adolescent assuming that the consequence of fragmentation of the world and “digitalization” of activity via formation of the clip thinking is a gradual loss of deep connections between the concept and related associative phenomena. The conclusions are based on polyparametric analysis of the data of the free associative experiments by means of definitive interpretation of values, comparative analysis and statistical processing of data, observation and description. The authors associate the prospects of the conducted research with a further study of the concept NATURE in different types of discourse in comparison with the eco-concept ENVIRONMENT. In terms of the given paper the eco-concept represents a multidimensional mental unit, having different forms of linguistic expression and possessing emotional, personal, natural, and cultural components. The potential for studying the raised issues in scientific, methodological and didactic aspects is due to the fact that ecological knowledge is a constantly evolving system, supplemented from outside.

Internal Water Flows and Particles Abstraction in <i>Daphnia</i>

The operational function of the trunk limbs (thoracic appendages), of Daphnia, P3 and P4, is a long-term disputed definition between “solid walls”, sieving filters. Sieving is unlikely process for routine particle collection, particle capture is not a simple mechanical process and not by sieving alone. Analysis promotion supported by direct observational examination of the in-vivo cinematographic slow-motion film and magnified solid photos of tethered Daphnia by high-speed camera (250 frames per second) resulted in a definite interpretation presented in this paper. The Daphnia’s feeding mechanism achieves particles abstraction not by sieving. The existence of two internal alternate water flow routs was indicated: Lateral and Median. These micro flow structures are suggested as vulnerability reduction.

Biblical Theology

Biblical Theology Fred W. Guyette, Christopher T. Begg, Thomas Hieke, and Carol J. Dempsey OP Fred W. Guyette Erskine College and Seminary Christopher T. Begg Catholic University of America Thomas Hieke Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz Carol J. Dempsey OP University of Portland 674. [Christian Ethics and the Hebrew Bible] Julián Andrés and González Holguín, "Christian Ethics and the Hebrew Bible," The Cambridge Companion to the Hebrew Bible and Ethics, 306-19 [see #777]. There are good reasons to be suspicious of people who claim to know "exactly what the Bible says" on a certain subject—as if they owned it themselves. Something that would be much more exciting, although potentially much more troubling, too, is an encounter with Scripture itself and the mysterious questions raised by Bible stories. Genesis 22 is a good example of a story that resists any definitive interpretation. Abraham brings his cherished son Isaac to Mt. Moriah for the sole purpose of sacrificing him, according to God's command. To obey God is normally a good thing, yes? But what if we should "hear" God commanding us to do something immoral? Would we not question the wisdom of our doing so, at least? Abraham does not understand why God wants this to happen. At the last possible moment, an angel appears to Abraham and tells him to stop what he is doing. "Do not harm the boy!" But again, we do not know why. Judging by the subsequent chapters in Genesis, Isaac was traumatized by Abraham's apparent willingness to go through with the sacrifice. Sarah was traumatized, too. Their experience on Mt. Moriah was just that terrifying. As for Abraham, he does not have much to say to anyone after what happened on Mt. Moriah. Isaac becomes deeply contemplative, almost completely silent. Rather than taking the initiative to seek a bride for himself, a young woman must be found for Isaac. His marriage to Rebecca has to be arranged by others, lest Abraham and Sarah end up without descendants. And yet, the message Moses hears at the burning bush does confirm Isaac's role in salvation history as Christians understand it: "I am the God of your fathers, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob." What does this all prove? That questions might be more important than answers when it comes to reflection in Christian theology and ethics.—F.W.G. Google Scholar 675. [Protection of Strangers in the Pentateuchal Law Codes] José Antonio Bande García, "La protección hacia el extranjero en los principales códigos legales del Pentateucho," StOv 47 (2019) 247-60. The centerpiece of B.'s essay is his survey of the three major pentateuchal legal codes, i.e., the Covenant Code of Exodus 21–23; the Deuteronomic Code of Deuteronomy 12–26; and the Holiness Code of Leviticus 17–26 and their respective laws concerning Israel's dealings with foreigners with whom it comes in contact against the background of the given code's historical context. This central portion of his study is preceded by remarks on Israel's own experience of living in a land not its own and of Yhwh's accompaniment of its ancestors on their way toward the land allotted them by Yhwh as a motivation for all the pentateuchal laws enjoining respect for strangers, as well as a consideration of the Hebrew terms (zār, nokrî, and gēr) which the laws use in reference to various categories of non-Israelites. The essay concludes with a synthesis of the pentateuchal laws' message concerning the required treatment of the stranger and its ongoing relevance for contemporary Christians living in a highly mobile and globalizing world.—C.T.B. [End Page 225] Google Scholar 676. [Jewish Ethics and the Hebrew Bible] Deborah Barer, "Jewish Ethics and the Hebrew Bible," The Cambridge Companion to the Hebrew Bible and Ethics, 291-305 [see #777]. Jewish ethics are often misunderstood, especially when their scope is reduced to questions such as: "What does the Law say about that?" What halakhah teaches is less like a formulaic "answer," and more like a mode of reasoning or working through a...

Gli usi dell’articolo e del pro-aggettivo in alcuni tipi di sintagmi nominali italiani a confronto con lo sloveno

The article focuses on the relationship between postmodifiers in the form of noun phrases, relative and content clauses, and the use of articles or pro-adjectives in the nominal heads. The results of a qualitative analysis of Slovene and Italian texts and their translations into Italian and Slovene are presented, the main purpose of which was to identify markers of definiteness in Slovene and to predict the use of articles in Italian, thus showing the possibilities for Slovenes to express themselves appropriately in Italian. Assuming that definiteness is a universal category and therefore recognisable also in languages without articles (Slovene), and considering the author and the translator ideal speakers of Slovene and/or Italian, the Slovene texts served as the starting point of each analysis, while the Italian texts played the role of control. An article use is defined as cataphoric if the content of the postmodifier contributes to the definite interpretation of its head. Subordinate noun phrases can be divided into conceptual and argumentative. In Italian, the former, expressing a non-entity, are marked by a zero article and form a semantic unit with their heads, whereas the latter, expressing an entity, are marked by an article (included the zero one) and do not form a semantic unit with their heads. Related to definiteness is the restrictiveness of the clause, which consists in the article or pro-adjective determining the head including its postmodifier. Such heads can be both definite or indefinite. The analyses have shown instances of relative clauses that are placed between restrictive and non-restrictive ones. Conveying descriptive information, they occur after the heads preceded by an indefinite article. The definiteness of nominal heads preceded by a pro-adjective or without a determiner in Slovene texts is also discussed.

LEGAL STATUS OF THE DIGITAL PROFILE OF THE SUBJECTS OF CIVIL LEGAL RELATIONS

The aim of the work is a legal risk assessment to identify subjects of civil relations in order to implement commercial transactions safely using a digital profile. The paper attempts to assess the digital transformation of civil relations and the implementation of legal regulators for the protection and security of the subjects’ digital profile of. The aspects of “digital profile’s” definition interpretation as well the legal status separate signs for citizens and business entities of the notification procedure, differentiation of both rights to dispose and to use are reflected. The law enforcement practice of civil transactions in the course of digital resources’ turnover, as well as the attraction and imposition of administrative penalties are proposed, and a number of conflicts is identified due to the latency of illegal actions, the lack of digital competent human rights bodies and digital investigative tools.

Case Study Details Reserves and Resource Management During a Merger

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 206322, “Business-Oriented Reserves and Resource Management: Experiences From a Merger,” by Thies Dose, SPE, and Gunar Kachel, Wintershall Dea, prepared for the 2021 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dubai, 21–23 September. The paper has not been peer reviewed. In May 2019, the merger between Wintershall and DEA Deutsche Erdoel was closed, which was the birth of Wintershall Dea (WD). A system for internal reporting of petroleum resources described in the paper provides a fit-for-purpose approach, such as a consistent interpretation of commerciality criteria or definition of resources subclasses. A systematic resource-control system is defined, focusing on internal review, external and internal audits, and synergetic use of project reviews. Merging Existing Resource Reporting Legacy Wintershall reported resources both according to the Petroleum Resources Management System (PRMS) and the Securities Exchange Commission. PRMS reserves subclasses were reported according to project maturity (i.e., On Production, Approved for Development, and Justified for Development). This classification illustrates the project status of assets within the portfolio. The conversion factor from gas to oil equivalent was 5,600 scf/BOE, accounting for a high fraction of caloric gas in the portfolio. The official reserves and resource reporting of the legacy company toward its stakeholders was based on internally estimated reserves and resources figures. This was backed up by regular external reserves and selected contingent resources (CR) audits for control and calibration of the reported numbers. Legacy DEA reported resources according to PRMS only. Reserves subclassification was based on reserves status (i.e., Developed Producing, Developed Nonproducing, and Undeveloped). This highlighted the differentiation according to operational and funding status (Fig. 1). DEA’s reserves reporting was directly taken from external reserve audits, whereas CR were compiled from internal estimates. Because the portfolios of both legacy companies were mixed with respect to petroleum products, results needed to be normalized based on BOE. For the sake of consistency, all gas resources from legacy DEA were reconverted to oil-equivalent standards of legacy Wintershall. To lay groundwork for the respective filing of documents, various 1P and 2P reserves information from audits executed by the legacy companies had to be aggregated to provide a reliable and consolidated database for investors.

Latvijas prezidenta Egila Levita runu valodiskais profils: ceremoniālā, juridiskā vai politiskā retorika?

Aristotle’s definition of rhetoric as the art of observing the available means of persuasion is one of the most widely used quotations not only in linguistics but also in social, political, and communication sciences. Aristotle, apart from defining the elements of rhetoric (logos, ethos and pathos), has proposed three types of rhetoric that refer either to the present situation (ceremonial), the past (judicial), or the future (political). The current president of Latvia and his language use is one of the most widely discussed topics across the media and academia due to the register, style, and content of his speeches. Moreover, the president of Latvia has a direct impact on how the state is perceived nationally and internationally; thus, it is significant to investigate the linguistic profile of the linguistic expression of the ideas communicated by the president to the wider public. The current study analyses 160 speeches given by president Egils Levits on nationally significant occasions as well as internationally with the aim to investigate whether the speeches of the president of Latvia correspond to the ceremonial, political or judicial rhetoric because the president represents both legal and political discourse as the former judge of the European Court of Human Rights and the former minister of Justice, and as the head of the Republic of Latvia represents the state nationally and abroad. The study is grounded in the theories on rhetoric and Critical Discourse Analysis applied to political discourse and presidential language and discussed by scholars such as Aristotle (1959), Van Dijk (2006), Chilton and Schäffner (2002), O’Keeffe (2006), Van Dijk (2008), David (2014), Wilson (2015) and Wodak and Mayer (2016). The results of the current study reveal that the speeches are a clear representation of a combination of legal, political, and ceremonial rhetoric and cross various semantic fields that are marked by the use of field terminology in combination with topos of definition and name interpretation to explain the terms directly in the speeches. The speeches by Levits are furthermore marked by relatively frequent use of loanwords, neologisms, obsolete words, and compounds that is one of the main characteristics of the linguistic profile of his speeches. Additional characteristic features are the use of parallel sentence constructions, inverted word orders, rhetorical questions, and pronominal referencing to attract the listener's attention and emphasize the thematic areas of the speeches. Nevertheless, it has been concluded that such linguistic techniques as metaphors, metonymies, synecdoche, or hyperbole are used comparatively less frequently, thus making the speeches appear more formal and less emotional from the linguistic point of view.