This paper presents a novel Inter-Phase Transformer (IPT) topology aimed at improving the parallelization of multiple three-phase power converters by minimizing the common-mode impedance without affecting the differential-mode impedance. The proposed IPT incorporates delta-connected secondary windings that are magnetically coupled but electrically isolated from the converter legs. This configuration enables significant reduction of the zero-sequence inductance and the associated leakage magnetic field and flux, which are major concerns in compact high-power converter cabinets. In addition, the proposed IPT topology can be easily designed and manufactured, since it presents the same morphology as standard transformers with equal number of columns and phases and with concentric primary and secondary windings. Then, theoretical modeling, based on magnetic equivalent circuits and Rogowski’s method, is used to derive the leakage inductance. Experimental validation is carried out using a commercial three-phase transformer, and several sinusoidal voltage-based tests confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Furthermore, computer-based simulations and experiments in downscaled platforms with GaN-based converters, demonstrate the benefits of the delta-connected secondary windings in enabling efficient interleaved modulation, improving current sharing, reducing harmonic distortion, and minimizing circulating currents. The simplicity of the proposed IPT design makes it compatible with standard manufacturing processes and cost-effective for real applications.

Break through the strength-ductility trade-off dilemma in aluminum matrix composites via precipitation-assisted interface tailoring

Crude aqueous extract of Wrightia tinctoria fruit was subjected to three phase partitioning (TPP) with three different ammonium sulphate concentrations (40, 60, 80%) and their effect on concentrating milk clotting proteases were examined with 1:1 ratio of crude extract to t-Butanol. Proteases that concentrated in the interphase (IP) fraction of 60 and 80% salt concentration exhibited high milk clotting activity. TPP contributed to reduction in Caseinolytic Activity (CA) and enhancement of Milk Clotting Index (MCI) in these IP fractions compared to the crude enzyme. Casein (whole and kappa) hydrolytic pattern was analyzed by tricine SDS PAGE. Electrophoretic pattern of hydrolysate after 1 hr incubation revealed hydrolysis of κ-CN by CE, IP 60 and IP 80 fractions. Appearance of two low molecular weight bands approximately around 15 kDa indicated the specific affinity and controlled hydrolytic behavior by the proteases. Study provides evidence towards the utility of TPP in concentrating these milk clotting proteases and in improving their MCI. Keywords : Milk clotting • Wrightia tinctoria • Proteases• cheese

Serological biomarkers for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium abscessus infections in cystic fibrosis patients

Rechargeable Li-ion batteries for the market of electrical vehicles, portable equipment for entertainment, computing and telecommunication surge for the past decades, but the increasing demands introduce great challenges towards future battery systems that require higher energy and power density, improved safety as well as a longer lifespan. Lithium metal batteries can deliver higher energy densities compared with commercialized LIBs but the practical applications have been hindered due to the growth of lithium dendrites in liquid lithium metal batteries. The uncontrollable dendrite leads to the repeated formation of solid electrolyte interphase, irreversible capacity loss, short circuits, and safety hazards with liquid electrolytes. Compared to liquid electrolytes, solid-state electrolytes might be a better choice, but the reliance of ionic diffusion at the contact of solid particles is crucial presenting a major challenge. Moreover, the effective use of high capacity cathodes in combination with Li metal in a solid-state battery is another big challenge for future battery development. Therefore, to unlock the full potential of LMBs with high energy density and safe operation, it is imperative to devote efforts in solid-state batteries design. This thesis aims to search effective methods for enabling safe and high-energy-density solid-state Li metal batteries, starting from the developments of new concepts in liquid-based batteries and heading for an anode less Li metal solid-state battery configuration step by step.

In the work, a theoretical study of the mechanical characteristics of the composite of the Al-Al2O3 system. The substantiation of the lowered values of the strength of the composite specimens is proposed, :interphase zone (for which the composition and approximate thickness is determined) on the mechanical properties of the material has been carried out; it is shown that, within the framework of the classical model of multilayer cylindrical fibers, the resulting interfacial zones do not significantly affect the properties of the material, but the level of residual stresses can be affected.

Infectious diseases remain a major cause of human and animal morbidity and mortality leading to significant healthcare expenditure However, enormous successes have been obtained against the control of major epidemic diseases, such as malaria, plague, leprosy and cholera, in the past The vast terrains and extreme geo-climatic differences and uneven population distribution present unique patterns of distribution of viral diseases Dynamic interplay of biological, socio-cultural and ecological factors, together with novel aspects of human-animal interphase, pose additional challenges with respect to the emergence of infectious diseases The important challenges faced in the control and prevention of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases range from understanding the impact of factors that are necessary for the emergence, to development of strengthened surveillance systems that can mitigate human suffering and death Viral pathogens are known to cause outbreaks that have epidemic and pandemic potential which would result in severe range of mortality and Health care expenditure on a scale depending on the pathogenicity of the virus © 2020, Institute of Medico-Legal Publications All rights reserved

Repairing the interphase

Atomic Force Microscopic Characterization of Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Lithium Ion Batteries

Objective To investigate the value of electrocardiogram and electromyography in cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity induced by chemotherapy drugs. Methods A total of 80 cases of breast cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, and ovarian cancer diagnosed in our hospital were included. All the patients underwent postoperative chemotherapy. Among them, 46 cases received chemotherapy with anthracycline, and 34 cases with non-anthracycline. Before and after chemotherapy, electrocardiograph (ECG) and electromyographic induction potentiometer (EMG) were used to detect the related indicators of the patients. Results The abnormal rate of electrocardiogram induced by anthracycline chemotherapy was 41.30%, which was significantly higher than that of non-anthracycline drugs (13.24%), with a statistical difference (P<0.05). The most important manifestation was the prolongation of Q-T interval. Compared with those before treatment, the standard deviation and RMS of all sinus RR interphase significantly decreased , especially in the anthracycline group (P<0.05). The total abnormal rates of motor nerve conduction velocity and sensory nerve conduction velocity after chemotherapy were 58.82% and 17.39% in the patients taking platinum-containing chemotherapy. Conclusion Platinum-containing drugs are prone to induce peripheral nerve diseases after chemotherapy, while anthracycline chemotherapy drugs are relatively toxic to heart, and the electrocardiogram abnormalities caused by them are particularly obvious. The combination of electrocardiogram and electromyography is of great significance for early prevention of toxic effects caused by chemotherapy drugs. Key words: Electrocardiogram; Electromyography; Chemotherapy; Cardiotoxicity; Neurotoxicity

The control of hemp plant harvesting, in particular the retting process, represents the major step for the development of high-performance hemp biocomposites.In this study, the consequences of hemp retting on the ease of fibre extraction and tensile properties of elementary hemp fibres is explored.Stem peeling experiments are combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate the influence of the retting degree in plants.After studying the evolution of fracture energy at the fibre/woody core interphase within the stem, this work investigates interphase fracture mechanisms during peeling experiments which aims to understand the evolution of fibre bundle cohesion during retting.A drastic drop of fracture energy reveals the impact of retting on the ease of peeling the outer tissue of the stem (containing fibre bundles).The positive impact of retting on various fibre defects combined together leads to a 33 % increase in the tangent modulus between non-retted and retted fibres, highlighting the importance of understanding the retting process to open up to new markets for biocomposites. RÉSUMÉ :Le contrôle de la ré colte de la plante de chanvre, en particulier le rouissage, repré sente l'é tape majeure pour le dé veloppement de biocomposites renforcé s par des fibres de chanvre à hautes performances.Dans cette é tude, les consé quences du rouissage du chanvre sur la facilité d'extraction des fibres ainsi que leurs propriétés mécaniques longitudinales sont exploré es.Des essais de pelage de tiges sont combiné s avec des images de microscopie é lectronique à balayage (MEB) pour é tudier l'influence du degré de rouissage dans les plantes.Après avoir étudié l'évolution de l'énergie de rupture au niveau de l'interphase fibre/xylème au sein de la tige, ce travail s'intéresse aux mé canismes de rupture de cette interphase lors du pelage afin de comprendre l'évolution de la cohé sion des faisceaux de fibres lors du rouissage.Une chute drastique de l'é nergie de rupture révèle l'impact du rouissage sur la dégradation de l'interphase et donc la facilité à peler le tissu externe de la tige (contenant les faisceaux de fibre).Ceci conduit à une augmentation de 33 % du module tangent entre les fibres non rouies et les fibres rouies, soulignant l'importance de la compréhension du processus de rouissage pour ouvrir de nouveaux marché s aux biocomposites.

Surface-engineered mesoporous silicon microparticles as high-Coulombic-efficiency anodes for lithium-ion batteries

С целью изучения экстракции сорбиновой кислоты из объектов со сложной матрицей изучено межфазное распределение сорбиновой кислоты в системе сополимер N-винилформамид – 1-винил-3,5-диметилпиразол – хлорид аммония. Рассчитаны коэффициенты распределения и степень извлечения консерванта при различных соотношениях фаз и концентрации раствора сополимера. Установлено влияние рН на экстракцию сорбиновой кислоты, предложен механизм ее взаимодействия с экстрагентом. Определение сорбиновой кислоты в водно-солевой фазе осуществлено методом капиллярного электрофореза в выбранных условиях.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; ЛИТЕРАТУРА&#x0D; &#x0D; Luk E., Yager M. Konservanty v pishevoy promyshlennosti. Svoistva i primenenie. [Preservatives in the Food Industry. Properties and Application]. Moscow, GIORD Publ., 2003, 256 p. (in Russ.)&#x0D; Mokshina N. Ya., Bykovskiy D. V., Shatalov G. V., Pakhomova O. A. Condensed Matter and Interphases, 2013, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 423-427. URL: http://www.kcmf.vsu.ru/resources/t_15_4_2013_009.pdf (in Russ.)&#x0D; Korenman Ya. I. Koeffitsienty raspredeleniya organicheskix soedineny. Spravochnik. [Distribution Coefficients of Organic Compounds. Handbook]. Voronezh, Voronezh State Un-t Publ., 1992, 336 p. (in Russ.)&#x0D; Mokshina Ya., Bykovskiy D. V., Shatalov G. V., Pakhomova O. A. J. of Analyt. Chem., 2016, vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 201-204. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1061934816020106 &#x0D; Shatalov G.V., Luvlinskaya M. S. Pakhomova O. A., Mokshina N. Ya., Kuznetsov V.A. Russian J. of Applied Chem., 2016, vol. 89, no. 1, pp. 112-118. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1070427216010225&#x0D; Bykovskiy D. V., Kuznetsov V. A., Mokshina N. Ya., Poyarkova T. N., Shatalov G. V., Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy Khimiya Khimicheskaya Tekhnologiya, 2014, vol. 57, no. 7, pp. 73-77. (in Russ.)&#x0D; Mokshina N. Ya., Pakhomova O. A., Shatalov G. V., Kosinova I. I. Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy Khimiya Khimicheskaya Tekhnologiya, 2019, vol. 62, no. 1. pp. 4-10. https://doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196201.5763 (in Russ.)&#x0D; Bykovskiy D. V., Mokshina N. Ya., Pakhomova O. A., Shatalov G. V., Luvlinskaya M. S. «Polymers-2017», Proceedings of the VII Rus. Kargin Conference, June 13-17, 2017, Moscow, 2017, p. 262. (in Russ.)&#x0D; Kirsh Yu. E. Poli-N-vinilpirrolidon i drugie poli-Nvinilamidy [Poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone and other poly-N-vinyl amides]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1998, 254 р. (in Russ.)&#x0D; Korenman J. I., Zykov A.V., Mokshina N. I., Bykovskiy D. V., Shatalov G. V. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2011, vol. 85, no. 11, pр. 2000-2004. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0036024411110185&#x0D; Kartsova L. A. Problems of Analytical Chemistry. 18. Capillary Electrophoresis. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 2014, 438 p. (in Russ.)&#x0D;

Interphase Buffer (IB)

Interphase Buffer with 200 mm KCl (IB200)

Effect of Counter Anions on Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation on Graphite Electrodes in Propylene Carbonate-based Electrolyte Solutions

Lithium ion incorporation into amorphous silicon electrodes was monitored via in-op-erando neutron reflectometry in real-time during battery cell operation. Recent results of cyclic voltammetry experiments are presented. These experiments enable us to mon-itor the enormous volume expansion, the formation and evolution of the SEI (solid elec-trolyte interphase), the determination of irreversible capacity losses and voltage hyste-resis effects during cycling.

Although being a crucial step in structural design of laminated composites, prediction of their long-term mechanical performance remains a challenging task for which no comprehensive and reliable solution is currently available. Nevertheless, structures such as wind turbine blades, of which laminated composites constitute the main load bearing parts, must be designed to withstand 20 years of service while being subjected to a combination of fatigue loads and interaction with often extreme environmental conditions. In the end, a compromise is reached by compensating the lack of knowledge on the complex material degradation and failure mechanisms spanning multiple spatial and time scales that determine mechanical performance by adopting higher safety factors. This in turn leads to heavier, less efficient and more expensive designs. A better understanding of these mechanisms through discerning experiments and the development of fast and accurate numerical prediction tools are therefore necessary.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;This work focuses on the phenomenon of hygrothermal aging (a combination of high temperatures and moisture ingression) on unidirectional laminated composites. The complexities of the aging problem, a combination of physical and chemical degradation mechanisms that affect fibers, resin and interface differently, are investigated through a combination of experiments, microscopic observation techniques and state-of-the-art numerical modeling. The result is an efficient multiscale and multiphysics framework for the prediction of failure and hygrothermal degradation in composites.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;First, an experimental campaign is conducted on unidirectional glass/epoxy composite samples and on pure epoxy specimens immersed in water at 50C and tested quasi-statically and in fatigue. By comparing results of unaged, partially saturated, saturated and redried samples, the contributions of reversible and irreversible hygrothermal aging mechanisms are measured. The results indicate a strong correlation of degradation with the water concentration field inside the specimens. Furthermore, significant differences in strength reduction between composites and pure resin specimens point to damage in the fiber-matrix interfaces.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;In order to realistically model the diffusion process that drives degradation, an experimental/numerical study is conducted on the anisotropic diffusion behavior of laminated composites. Thin material slices extracted from a thick composite panel are immersed until saturation and the obtained anisotropic diffusivity parameters are numerically reproduced through a microscopic diffusion model with periodic concentration field. The existence of an interphase transition region around the fibers is confirmed through microscopic experiments and included in the model through a level set field.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Since both the diffusion process and the resultant material degradation are highly influenced by the microstructure of the material, a multiphysics and multiscale analysis approach becomes necessary. A numerical framework for modeling of the aging process is proposed combining a macroscopic Fickian diffusion analysis with a multiscale stress equilibrium analysis based on the FE2 method. Since the multiscale approach does not rely on any constitutive hypotheses at the macroscale, complex failure behavior combined with plasticization and differential swelling can be accurately captured. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;In order to expand the framework to allow for modeling of cyclic loading and cyclic environmental exposure, a number of additional model ingredients are developed. Firstly, a new constitutive model for epoxy combining viscoelasticity, viscoplasticity and a damage formulation with rate-dependent fracture onset is presented. The model is calibrated through a series of quasi-static and fatigue experiments on pure resin specimens at multiple strain rates and both before and after hygrothermal aging. The calibrated model is able to accurately capture the observed strain rate dependency and stiffness and strength degradations after aging, as well as correctly capturing damage activation in low-cycle fatigue. Secondly, the significant computational cost associated with the use of a cyclic multiphysics/multiscale analysis with nested micromodels is alleviated through a number of acceleration techniques. Time homogenization is used to explicitly divide the loading into a nonlinear macrochronological part and a linear computationally inexpensive microchronological one. Furthermore, the size of the microscopic boundary value problem is reduced through a combination of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and the Empirical Cubature Method (ECM), resulting in a hyper-reduced model. The resultant reduced and time homogenized micromodel allows for speed-ups higher than 1000, dramatically accelerating the solution of the problem. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;The modified version of the framework is used to numerically reproduce the experimentally obtained interlaminar shear behavior of composite samples aged for different durations. Use of the multiphysics/multiscale approach allows for accurately describing the stress state in specimens with non-uniform water concentration fields. The viscoelsatic/viscoplastic resin model is capable of capturing differences in stress response between the very slow conditioning phase and the much faster mechanical test. The model is completed by a cohesive-zone model for fiber-matrix interface debonding including friction calibrated with a set of Single Fiber Fragmentation tests performed on dry and saturated samples.

Одной из актуальных проблем современной препаративной неорганической химии являются получение и исследование наночастиц металлов и их соединений с заданными морфологией и дисперсностью для использования в медицине, фармакологии, микроэлектронике. Наряду с традиционным осаждением из водных растворов перспективны, но менее изучены межфазный синтез и контактное восстановление. В работе представлены результаты физико-химического исследования наночастиц металлов и их соединений, полученных химическим осаждением из водных растворов, межфазным и контактным взаимодействием. Для иллюстрации использования синтезированных наночастиц в фармакологии и медицине приведены данные по влиянию фазового состава и дисперсности наночастиц меди и оксида меди (II) на их противомикробные свойства и результаты исследования возможности применения магнетитовых магнитных жидкостей для маркирования мезенхимальных стволовых клеток.

Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Compositeswith Cu Interphase