Interphase Period Research Articles

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ НОВЫХ МОРФОБИОТИПОВ ГРЕЧИХИ В СЕЛЕКЦИИ ДЛЯ ЗАСУШЛИВЫХ УСЛОВИЙ СРЕДНЕГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ

The research was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of using fasciated buckwheat morphobiotypes in the breeding process when creating varieties for the conditions of the Middle Volga region. The single-factor experiment was laid in 2018-2023 on gray forest soils of the Republic of Tatarstan. The soil of the experimental plot contained 3.2...4.4% humus (according to Tyurin), 110...123 mg/kg of potassium and 145...377 mg/kg of phosphorus (according to Kirsanov), pH - 5.3...6.6. The objects of the study were Batyr variety, which in plant habit corresponds to “Krasnostreletskiy” variety, Yashlek variety and the hybrid population of K-990, with a predominance of forms with fasciations of the stem and generative zone in the population. The inclusion of fasciated genotypes with reduced branching in hybrid populations forms a compact plant habit, compared to the “Krasnostreletskiy” variety, due to a decrease in plant height by 5.6...9.1%, a 1.3...1.6 times reduction in the number of laterals first order branches. At the same time, due to an increase in the number of inflorescences on the main stem by 25...30%, the productivity of the plant increases by 1.2 times. The grain yield of the hybrid population K-990 was the highest in both unfavorable and favorable years (1.68 t/ha and 2.17 t/ha, respectively). As for Batyr variety, it directly depended on the amount of precipitation that fell during the interphase period “the beginning of fruit formation - the beginning of fruit browning” (r = 0.77) and had a strong inverse relationship with the average daily temperature during the period of grain ripening (r = -0.77). The productivity and grain size of Yashlek variety depended on average daily temperatures, while in the hybrid population K-990 there was a direct strong relationship between the yield and the amount of precipitation that fell in the initial growing season (r = 0.93).

Productivity of less common agricultural crops depending on the sowing dates in the conditions of Transbaikalia

The article presents the results of the study of the influence of sowing dates on the productivity of less common agricultural fodder crops: fodder millet, Sudan grass, spring triticale, Scarlet amaranth and fodder beans. The studies were carried out at the experimental field of the Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Eastern Siberia located in the forest-steppe zone of Transbaikalia. The soil of the site is meadow-chernozem mealy-carbonate, light loam by granulometric composition. The studied crops were sown at different dates to determine the degree of influence of the sowing dates on the duration of interphase periods of plant development, their linear growth, foliage and productivity: May 15 and 25, June 15 and 25. The obtained data indicate that by changing the sowing dates it is possible to influence the productivity of the studied crops and the quality of forages made on their basis. The best indicators on fodder productivity and nutritive value were demonstrated by the crops sown on June 15: yield of green mass – 18.9–30.5 t/ha, dry matter – 3.93–5.70 t/ha, yield of fodder units – 3.03–4.67 t/ha, digestible protein content – 306–901 kg/ha, gross energy – 38.12–57.57 GJ/ha, provision of 1 fodder unit with digestible protein – 93–193 g. Crops of fodder beans and Scarlet amaranth had an advantage, characterized by the following indicators: yield of green mass – 29.6–30.5 t/ha, dry matter yield – 5.70–5.95 t/ha, yield of fodder units – 4.20–4.67 t/ha, digestible protein content – 722–901 kg/ha, gross energy – 52.86–57.57 GJ/ha, provision of 1 fodder unit of digestible protein – 172–193 g. Agrocenoses of Poaceae crops (spring triticale, fodder millet, Sudan grass) were inferior in productivity: their green mass yield was 14.4 –18.9 t/ha, dry matter yield – 2.97–3.93 t/ha, yield of fodder units – 2.23–3.03 t/ha, digestible protein content – 207–341 kg/ha, gross energy – 28.51–38.12 GJ/ha, provision of 1 fodder unit with digestible protein – 93–121 g.

The role of moisture in the development of spring wheat

In the conditions of the North Kazakhstan region, the moisture supply of the growing season of spring soft wheat is characterized by an uneven distribution of precipitation, which affects the yield of grain crops.This process can be observed using the G.T. Selyaninov hydrothermal humidification coefficient (GTC). A scientific study during 2022-2023 was conducted in order to influence moisture availability on the grain yield of spring soft wheat in the North Kazakhstan region. The methodology consists in calculating the hydrothermal coefficient in the interphase periods of spring wheat for calendar years: 2022 and 2023. The calculation of the elements of the crop structure and grain yield was also carried out.In accordance with the moisture availability of the growing season of spring wheat, the main elements of the crop structure: productive bushiness, ear water content, pcs; weight of 1000 grains, g showed themselves stronger in 2023, respectively: 1.1; 21; 33, than in 2022.Moisture availability of the period of release into the tube - grain ripeness in 2022 took place in satisfactory conditions for spring wheat, which affected its grain yield of - 15 c/ha. In 2023, the stages of wheat organogenesis before the earing period passed favorably, despite the subsequent poorly satisfactory wet conditions before grain maturation, the harvested plants showed good productivity potential - 17c/ha, which exceeded the grain yield of 2022.The use of the hydrothermal coefficient makes it possible to apply agrotechnical techniques to increase the yield of spring wheat grain in unstable periods of moisture availability.

Photosynthetic productivity of soybean (Glycine max L.) crops under various fertilization options and pre-sowing seed treatment

The objective of the research is to determine the impact of basic fertilization options, foliar feeding with organo-mineral fertilizer during critical periods of soy plant development, pre-sowing seed treatment with mycorrhizal biofertilizer, and mycorrhizal inoculant in combination with a fungicide on the dynamics of dry matter accumulation by the plants and the net productivity of photosynthesis in the soy crop. Methods. Field (for studying the interaction of the research object with biotic and abiotic factors); morphophysiological (for biological monitoring of productivity elements development during organogenesis stages); statistical (statistical analysis of research results). Results. The article presents research findings on the accumulation of dry matter by soy plants and the net productivity of photosynthesis in the crop across different growth and development stages. Equations have been calculated to establish the relationship between soy seed yield and the indicators of dry mass accumulation by the plants during the pod-filling phase. Conclusions. In modern agricultural practices aimed at achieving maximum seed yield, cultivation technology should include agronomic measures directed towards meeting the biological needs of the plant throughout the vegetation period and reducing the influence of adverse external factors. The highest levels of dry matter accumulation by plants in the study — 26.8–29.2 g/plant, were noted during the pod filling phase in variants with the application of N15P45K60+N30 fertilization, sowing seeds treated with mycorrhizal biopreparation and fungicide, and foliar feeding with organo-mineral fertilizers during the budding and flowering phases. The maximum indicators of net photosynthetic productivity of the crop in the study (8.52–11.29 g/m2×day compared to 5.46 g/m2×day in the absolute control) were observed during the interphase period of flowering and pod filling in variants with N45P45K60 fertilization. For the optimal seed yield of soybean variety Muza observed in the study, the optimal conditions were provided by a cultivation technology involving the application of N15P45K60+N30 fertilizers, pre-sowing seed treatment with mycorrhizal inoculant in combination with fungicide, as well as foliar feeding with organo-mineral fertilizers during the branching or budding phases, when the plants are forming flowers, pods, and seeds within the pods. Through the combination of these agronomic measures, plants accumulate dry matter during the pod filling phase at 25.9–27.4 g/plant, ensuring the net photosynthetic productivity of the crop during this developmental period at 5.60–6.10 g/m2×day, compared to 20.8 g/plant and 5.46 g/m2×day observed in the absolute control, respectively.

INFLUENCE OF METHODS OF BASIC TILLAGE AND FERTILIZERS ON THE YIELD OF SPRING WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF AF "KOLOS" OF THE TETYUSHSKY MUNICIPAL DISTRICT OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

INFLUENCE OF METHODS OF BASIC TILLAGE AND FERTILIZERS ON THE YIELD OF SPRING WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF AF "KOLOS" OF THE TETYUSHSKY MUNICIPAL DISTRICT OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

Physical and mechanical properties of grain of spring barley varieties in the conditions of Tatarstan

The aim of the work is to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of grain of spring barley varieties cultivated in the conditions of the Predkamsk zone of the Republic of Tatarstan. The research was conducted in Tatarsky Research Institute of Agriculture FRC of Kazan Research Center RAS in 2015–2022. In the conditions of the Predkamsk zone, on average over the years of research, the late maturing variety Endan was characterized by reliably high values of 1000 grain weight (48.5 g), the early maturing variety Kamashevsky – reliably high values of natural grain weight (686, 3 g/l), convergence from 2.8 x 20 mm sieve (33.9 %) and coarseness (70.02 %), medium maturing variety Raushan – higher variability in 1000 grain weight (18.6 %), convergence from 2.8 and 2.5 x 20 mm sieves (55.6 and 29.7 %, respectively) and coarseness (39.5 %). The direct dependence of the mass of 1000 grains, runoff from the sieve 2.8 x 20 mm and coarseness on the sum of precipitation (r = 0.41/0.58/0.56, respectively), GTC (r = 0.40/0.58/0.55, respectively) and inverse dependence of these physical and mechanical properties on the average daily air temperature (r = -0.51/-0.62/-0.63, respectively) of the interphase period "earing-full ripeness" were established at 1% significance level. Judging by the value of the coefficient of determination (r2), the most closely related to the average daily air temperature are the signs "mass of 1000 grains", "drift from the sieve 2.8 x 20 mm" and "coarseness". The analysis of path coefficients revealed a high direct positive contribution (0.87) of 2.8 x 20 mm sieve runoff and an average direct positive contribution (0.43) of 2.5 x 20 mm sieve runoff to grain yield. Under the conditions of the Predkamsk zone, the prevailing contribution to the total variance of the traits "drift from the sieve 2.8 x 20 mm", "coarseness", "weight of 1000 grains", "bulk grain weight", "drift from the sieve 2.5 x 20 mm" was made by the factor "year", which accounted for (in descending order) 81.7...80.3...76.6...76.2. 68.7 %, respectively.

Formation of productivity of maize hybrids of different ripening groups in the Forest-Steppe region

The relevance of the study is determined by the necessity of scientifically substantiating the rational ratio of maize hybrids of different ripening groups to ensure the realisation of the genetic potential in forming pre-harvest grain moisture at the level of 18-22%. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to identify the most adapted and plastic ripening groups considering biological features and to identify stable hybrids based on economic efficiency through the calculation of the hybrid’s productivity efficiency index. The method of plot division was used to conduct field research in accordance with the requirements of the research methodology. The results revealed that maize hybrids of different ripening groups react differently to temperature conditions, especially during the interphase period – 3-5 leaves. Maize hybrids with FAO (ripening group of the hybrid) 180-250, having a flint grain subtype, are characterised by faster linear plant growth due to higher cold resistance, making them suitable for early sowing when the soil temperature is 6-80C. Hybrids with FAO 300 and above, with a dent grain subtype, exhibit slower initial plant growth and are more thermophilic. Therefore, it is advisable to plant them after the soil has been thoroughly warmed to 8-100C. Studies have established that the highest grain yield was obtained from mid-late maturity maize hybrids (FAO 401-500) – 10.04-10.17 t/ha, with a maximum level of 14.89 t/ha in 2017. However, considering the dynamics of productivity levels over the years, the most plastic hybrids, i.e., those with the smallest difference in yield between years, are phenotypes with FAO 201-300. It was determined that early and mid-early ripening group hybrids had lower pre-harvest grain moisture – 0.6-23.9% compared to 28.7-2.7% in mid-ripening and mid-late ripening groups. This resulted in a higher productivity efficiency index for these hybrids. The materials of the study contain results for further research on optimising the use of maize hybrids with different FAO numbers and are of practical significance for farms of various ownership forms

Ranking of spring bread wheat genotypes according to the heading date and growing season duration in different ecogeographic environments

Background. Adaptation of spring bread wheat cultivars to climate change requires a study of the factors affecting the length of their growing season in various environments. An attempt is made to analyze regularities in the effect of ecogeographic conditions on the correlations shown by the duration of the growing season and interphase periods in spring bread wheat genotypes.Materials and methods. Correlation coefficients were studied for the impact of the environment and temperature on the duration of the interphase periods from sprouting to heading (SH) and from heading to yellow ripeness (HR) versus the period from sprouting to yellow ripeness (SR) in VIR’s wheat collection across 18 sites located in Russia and Uzbekistan from 41 to 60°N and from 30 to 135°E. The effect of the genotype and year on SH and HR was studied, and agrometeorological regression models of SH and HR were constructed, based on the data obtained during the studies of the collection in St. Petersburg in 1945–2021.Results. For the sites below 52–54°N, the SR/SH correlation coefficient was generally higher than SR/HR, and in the upper latitudes it was vice versa. The change in the ratio of coefficients occurred due to an increase in the interannual variability of HR at lower temperatures. The effect of HR on SR became greater than that of SH at temperatures below 18°С during HR. The data of a long-term study in St. Petersburg demonstrated that the effect of the genotype on SH was 18.9%, with 68.9% of the year, and the effect of the factors on HR was 4.1 and 71.3%, respectively. Regression models showed that HR was determined by temperature for at least 81%, while SH had a lower coefficient of determination by weather (56%).Conclusion. Ranking of wheat genotypes according to their heading time reflected their differentiation in earliness. A significant contribution of HR was conspicuous under temperatures below 18°C after heading at latitudes above 52–54°N.

Влияние засухи на развитие элементов структуры урожайности сортов ярового ячменя

In the researches carried out in 2021–2023 at the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N.V. Rudnitsky (Kirov) in the conditions of the vegetation experiment, 10 varieties of spring barley of different origin were evaluated by simulation of drought (breeding varieties of the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N.V. Rudnitsky of hybrid and regenerative origin, collection samples). The drought was simulated at the onset of the phase “stem elongation” by stopping irrigation and film sheltering from atmospheric precipitation, eliminating the greenhouse effect. The time of water stress application corresponded to the vegetative interphase of the plants “stem elongation – earing”. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of productivity elements on the yield of spring barley varieties and to determine the elements associated with the variability of the yield of varieties with an increasing drought in the interphase period “stem elongation – earing” and, based on these data, to select drought-resistant varieties. To evaluate the drought resistance of varieties, the Drought Resistance Index (DSI) was used as the ratio of the variety parameters to the average value for all varieties in the presence and absence of stress. The conducted researches have shown that the studied varieties reacted differently to the presence of drought in the interphase period “stem elongation – earing”. It was found that water deficiency significantly reduced the yield of all barley varieties by an average of 73g/m2 and affected the development of most elements of its structure. In the presence of drought, there was no evidence of productivity of barley plants associated with the yield of varieties. Under favorable vegetative conditions (absence of drought), an influence of head length (r = 0.613), head productivity (r = 0.81) and plant productivity (r = 0.84), thousand grain weight (r = 0.56) on the yield of barley varieties was found. The calculation of the correlation between yield DSI and structural elements showed a reliable relationship (r = 0.91) only between the yield DSI and the index “thousand grain weight”, therefore, highly productive genotypes under water stress in the interphase period “stem elongation – earing” should be selected according to the severity of the feature “thousand grain weight”. The varieties Novichok, Tallon, Forward and Bionic can be used as crossing components in appropriate breeding programs.

Agrometeorological characteristics of spring barley in the Northern Trans-Urals

The purpose of this work was to study the effect of air temperature on the duration of the growing season in Western Siberia (Russia). Material and methods: phenological observation of 6 varieties of spring barley (Abalak, Zolotnik Naran, Tandem, DLA-14 and Pasadena) was carried out for the period from 2016 to 2020. The sensitivity of varieties to temperature conditions is determined. The optimal average daily air temperature during the interphase periods was established: shoots-heading 31-35 days, and heading-ripeness 34-37 days. The optimal sums of effective temperatures above 10 ºC, necessary for the growth, and development of spring barley varieties, have been calculated. The Abalak variety was distinguished by a narrow temperature range in both interphase periods (the first period - 0.7 ºC; the second - 2.3 ºC), which indicates a low plasticity of this variety. The agrometeorological characteristic obtained from the data of field experiments can be used to identify the areas of cultivation of varieties, as well as for a scientifically based assessment of the territory in relation to the variety. The optimal, minimum air temperatures for each variety are calculated. The sensitivity of varieties to temperature changes was studied.

AGROCLIMATIC FACTORS AND PRODUCTIVITY OF DIFFERENT MATURITY GROUPS SOYBEAN CULTIVARS UNDER ENDOPHYTIC-RHIZOBIAL INOCULATION IN CONDITIONS OF NON-IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE OF THE SOUTHERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE

The article presents the results of studies of weather and climatic conditions during the production processes in the period of formation of the yield of soybean varieties of different maturity under pre-sowing endophytic-rhizobial inoculation of seeds, as well as the functional activity of the rhizosphere microbiota and plant productivity in conditions of non-irrigated agriculture. The average temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall were determined for the interphase periods, which are the main indicators that affect the evapotranspiration, moisture deficit, and moisture coefficient. The experiments were conducted at the experimental field of the Odesa State Agricultural Research Station, located in the southern steppe zone of Ukraine. The soil of the experimental field is a heavy loamy southern chernozem. The moisture availability indicators show that the southern part of the Steppe zone of Odesa region during the growing season of crops (April-September) in 2023 belonged to the semi-arid zone, and in July and September - to the desert. Evapotranspiration and moisture deficit during the growing season of plants of both soybean varieties (ultra-early maturing Diona and mid-season Sviatohor) varied significantly and depended on the average monthly temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. Evapotranspiration reached 1045.1-1244.0 mm, resulting in a moisture deficit of 913.3-1100.4 mm. Due to insufficient rainfall in June, July and August, most crops experienced an increase in moisture deficit. The use of complex thermotolerant and drought-resistant microbial inoculants with stress-protective functions reduced the negative impact of agroclimatic factors on soybean plants and rhizosphere microbiota. The main directions of scientific and economic activity for obtaining consistently high crop yields in the southern part of the Steppe zone are the structuring of sown areas with an optimal share of irrigated land and the use of innovative biological preparations.

The effect of seed inoculation on the duration of interphase periods and the survival of soybean plants

The effect of seed inoculation on the duration of interphase periods and the survival of soybean plants

The influence of changes in agrometeorological conditions on the interphase periods of Hordeum vulgare l. sensulat and its productivity in the center of the European part of Russia

The studies were conducted in 2006-2022. in the Ryazan branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution FNATS VIM. The object of research was released varieties and promising lines of Hordeum vulgare L. Sensulato. The purpose of the research is to establish the influence of changing weather conditions on the development phases and productivity of Hordeum vulgare L. Sensulato in the center of the European part of Russia. It was established that in the region there was an increase in the average daily air temperature during the growing season from 16.3 to 20.9°C (4.6°C/17 years, CV = 4.7%). The length of the growing season is closely related to the conditions of the hydrothermal regime of the year (r=+0.507...+0.508). The data obtained revealed a negative effect of the sum of air temperatures on the yield in the sprouting-tillering phase r = - 0.364, but the correlation with the amount of precipitation in this period was r = + 0.331, HTCM r = + 0.300. A closer relationship between the yield and the amount of precipitation (r=+0.308) and the hydrothermal coefficient (r=+0.337) is manifested in the interphase period of tillering and heading. The duration of the interphase period of germination-tillering has an average direct relationship with the HTC (r = +0.361) and a high inverse relationship with the sum of temperatures (r = -0.804), a similar picture is observed in the interphase period of earing-filling (r = +0.320 and r = -0.813 , respectively). The decisive weather factors that determine the size of the harvest and the duration of interphase periods of Hordeum vulgare L. Sensulato in the conditions of the Ryazan region are precipitation and thermal conditions from the second decade of May to the second decade of July.

Organic cultivation of carrot in the right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

The carrot (Daucus carota var. sativus L.) is one of the most widely grown vegetable crops in the world. It is characterised by prominent taste qualities and a rich chemical composition, which makes it valuable for fresh and processed consumption. Considering the population’s need for high-quality, environmentally friendly products, it is vital to investigate the organic cultivation of the carrot. The purpose of this study was to investigate the organic cultivation of carrots in the right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The following research methods were used: field, measuring and weighing, mathematical, and statistical. The paper presents findings for 2020-2022, where the growth, development, and formation of the crop under organic cultivation technology were investigated. The phenological phases and their duration, biometric parameters of carrot plants, and their yield were studied. The organic technology of growing carrots helped to reduce the interphase periods. The end of the vegetation period of carrots was observed earlier under organic cultivation technology by 2 and 3 days compared to the control variant. The height of the carrot plants was the highest in the Bolivar F1 hybrid under organic cultivation technology – 37 cm, which is 7 cm more than the control variant. The highest leafiness was observed in the studied variety and hybrid under organic cultivation technology. In the Olympus variety, the increase relative to the control was 3 pcs./plant, in the Bolivar F1 hybrid – 2 pcs./plant. The regularity of increasing the parameters of carrot roots under organic cultivation technology was noted. The increase in the diameter and length of the root crop under organic cultivation technology was 1.0-2.0 cm and 3 cm, respectively. The largest weight of root crops was under organic cultivation technology, where the increase relative to the control variant was 5 g for the Olympus variety and 7 g for the Bolivar F1 hybrid. When using organic technology, which involves biological products, the total yield of root crops increased by 3.1 t/ha compared to the control variant

Reaction of barley varieties on the content of polyphenols on stress soil backgrounds

In order to assess the stress resistance of genotypes, we studied the influence of soil stressors on the content of polyphenolic substances in grain, straw, and roots of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) of various varieties with differentiation by origin (domestic and foreign selection) and methods of production (hybridization and cell selection). The plants were grown in vegetative tanks with sod-podzolic soil in natural conditions until the seeds ripened. The experimental design included the following options: with excess cadmium (Cd2+ 6.4 mg/kg); increased acidity (pHKCl=4.8); simulated drought in the interphase period, emergence into the tube - earing; without stress load at pHKCl=6.5 (control). The content of polyphenols in terms of gallic acid was determined by the spectrophotometric method. The total accumulation of polyphenols in grain under drought conditions (9.18…11.13 mg/g) and in the presence of excess Cd2+ in the soil (9.07…9.10 mg/g) exceeded the control by 2.5…14.8 % and 2.8…8.5 %, respectively. On acidic soil, compared with the control, the amount of polyphenols in grain significantly decreased in all domestically bred barley varieties that underwent selection on acidic soils or selection on acidic selective media in vitro, in Vitrum - by 16.1 %, Rodnik Prikamye - by 11.8 %. In varieties of foreign selection (Zazersky 85, Triumph and Tallon), under acidic conditions, the value of this indicator, on the contrary, increased by 2.2…4.8 %. Most of the polyphenols were in a bound state. The distribution of free fraction polyphenols among organs (% of the total amount in the plant) was revealed: straw (41.4…49.1) > roots (32.4…42.5) > grain (15.6…22.6). Among the stressors studied, increased acidity contributed to a greater extent to the increase in the relative accumulation of free polyphenols and most significantly in the roots - in varieties and regenerants of the selection of the Federal Agrarian Research Center of the North--East by 19.0 %; foreign selection - by 35.7 %.

Influence of sowing dates on the phenological development and yield of medicinal crops in Transbaikalia

The results of field and laboratory studies for 2020, 2022 on the creation of agrophytocenosis of valuable and promising medicinal plants: milk thistle (Silybum marianum), common fennel (Foeni culum vulgare) and scorzonera (Scorzonera hispanica L.) are presented. The studies were carried out on meadow-chernozem mealy carbonate soil (light loam by granulometric composition) in the experimental field at different sowing dates in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Transbaikalia. The work is devoted to the study of the sowing dates influence (II ten-day period of May, II ten-day period of June, II ten-day period of July) on the duration of the interphase periods of plant development, linear growth, foliage, field germination, plant safety and yield of medicinal raw materials. The possibility of formation of different yields of medicinal crops due to different sowing dates has been established. The highest yield of medicinal raw material was formed in the crops of May 15 and June 15. Milk thistle had the yield of the herbage of 15.4–16.0 t/ha, dry mass – 2.46–2.56 t/ha, seeds – 1.69–1.71 t/ha; common fennel herbage – 43.0–43.2 t/ha, dry mass – 6.66–6.71 t/ha; scorzonera – with wet weight of root crops – 32.1 t/ha, leaves – 10.7 t/ha. Plant height by the time of harvesting of milk thistle was 163–166 cm and 54–57%; common fennel – 144–147 cm and 50–54%; scorzonera – 39 cm and 98%, respectively. There was no infestation of medicinal plants by diseases and pests. All crops were resistant to lodging and drought (5 points) in the conditions of Transbaikalia.

USE OF NEW GENERATION FERTILIZERS ON WINTER TRITICALE CROPS

The article scientifically substantiates the literary sources on the cultivation of winter triticale for grain and green fodder. It is proved that the use of new high-yielding varieties of winter triticale is a powerful factor in stabilizing the grain economy of the country. Therefore, in this context, it is important to use the latest measures in innovative technologies to increase the yield and quality of crop production. Among the innovative measures in the technological process of growing agricultural crops, foliar feeding of plants with microfertilizers of biological, organic and chemical origin has become widely popular. With the correct application of these preparations, foliar feeding can be a more effective tool for eliminating the deficit in micro- and macroelements, compared to the application of mineral fertilizers in the soil, since nutrients directly enter the plant tissue in critical stages of development. Foliar fertilization does not replace soil application of fertilizers, but contributes to the effective addition of the main nutrition system and ensures an increase in the yield and quality of agricultural crops. It has been established that winter triticale is a promising, high- yielding crop, regardless of its direction of use (grain, green mass). By biological characteristics, the growth rates of the stem of winter triticale are determined by the genetic trait characteristic of all cereal crops. It has been established that from the tillering stage to the full exit into the tube, that is, during this interphase period, the height of the plants increased by 2.2-2.3 times, regardless of the varietal characteristics of the culture. It has been previously found that the use of Dr Green preparations for foliar feeding during the main growth and development phases is aimed at suppressing growth processes in height, starting from the full exit into the tube.

Сравнительная характеристика сои коллекции ВИР в условиях Нижнего Поволжья

The evaluation of soybean varieties of the world collection of the N.I. Vavilov VIR was carried out according to economically valuable characteristics in the conditions of the Lower Volga region. The most precocious samples were identified by the duration of the vegetation period and interphase periods. Soybean cultivars with the highest height, the maximum weight of seeds per plant, the weight of 1000 seeds and high biochemical qualities of seeds were noted. Genotypes with an optimal combination of the studied traits for further use in various areas of breeding work are identified. Keywords: SOY, VIR COLLECTION, PRECOCITY, WEIGHT OF 1000 SEEDS, SEED QUALITY

FORMATION OF THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY OF SOYBEAN CROPS UNDER A BIOLOGIZED FOOD SYSTEM

The process of photosynthesis and the intensity of its work are the basis of the formation of productivity and the level of productivity of agrophytocenoses of agricultural crops, including soybeans. One of the main tasks of modern intensive cultivation technologies is the creation of optimal conditions for the development of the assimilation surface, its long-term operation and the maximum accumulation of organic matter by plants. This scientific article presents the results of field research on the impact of biological preparations of different mechanisms of action created on the basis of phosphorus and potassium mobilizing and mycorrhizal forming bacteria on the photosynthetic productivity of soybean crops at different levels of mineral fertilization, namely on the dynamics of the leaf surface area, the formation of the photosynthetic potential of crops and net productivity of photosynthesis. Field research was conducted on gray forest medium-loamy soils at the experimental field of the Agronomic Research Field of VNAU during 2017-2021. According to the results of the research and the processing of the obtained data, it was established that the use of Groundfix soil biofertilizer at the rate of 5 l/ha during the pre-sowing cultivation period and the pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the biological preparation Micofrend at the rate of 1,5 l/t against the background of complete mineral fertilization ensured the formation of the maximum in the experiment the area of the assimilation surface was 40,4 thousand m2/ha, which exceeded the control by 11,6 thousand m2/ha. In addition, based on the calculations, it was found that this version of fertilizer provided the formation of the highest photosynthetic potential in the experiment at the level of 3,153 million m2 days/ha, and the net productivity of photosynthesis, which, depending on the interphase period, was 5,44, 2,16, 1,76, 2,53 and 1,34 g/m2 per day. The article also provides the results of correlation calculations of the closeness of the connection between the area of the leaf surface, the amount of accumulated dry matter and the level of productivity.

EFFECTIVENESS OF PRECISION AGRICULTURE ELEMENTS IN POTATO PRODUCTION IN THE WESTERN SIBERIAN FOREST-STEPPE

Theresultsofcomprehensiveresearchconductedin 2020-2022 usinggeoinformationtechnologies in potato cultivation at ZAO Plemzavod "Irmens" in the Ordynsky District of the Novosibirsk Region, located in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia, are presented. Potatoes require specific environmental factors to achieve high yields with good product quality. Using satellite navigation systems ensures an increase in potato yield and product quality. The research aims to develop elements of potato cultivation technology using innovative satellite navigation systems. The experiments were conducted in the soil and climate zone of drained forest-steppe in the northern forest-steppe area of the Priobye foothills. The soil of the experimental plots is alkaline black soil with a humus content of 6.32%, total nitrogen content of 0.28%, phosphorus content of 0.23%, and potassium content of 1.19%. The concentration of quickly hydrolysable nitrogen was 10.3, exchangeable phosphorus was 20.7, and exchangeable potassium was 14.4 mg/100 g of soil, with a pH of Early potato varieties Gala and Riviera were cultivated in the experiments. During the research period, aggregated data were obtained, and regression equations between yield indicators, the sum of productive soil moisture reserves, and precipitation in interphase periods of potato varieties were calculated. Correlation coefficients were determined for specific interphase periods. The dependence of potato yield on precipitation indicators in interphase periods was established. The significance of precision agriculture elements in ensuring early potato varieties' high product and quality was noted.