Internet Relay Chat Research Articles

Data Mining – Past, Present and Future – A Typical Survey on Data Streams

Abstract Data Stream Mining is one of the area gaining lot of practical significance and is progressing at a brisk pace with new methods, methodologies and findings in various applications related to medicine, computer science, bioinformatics and stock market prediction, weather forecast, text, audio and video processing to name a few. Data happens to be the key concern in data mining. With the huge online data generated from several sensors, Internet Relay Chats, Twitter, Face book, Online Bank or ATM Transactions, the concept of dynamically changing data is becoming a key challenge, what we call as data streams. In this paper, we give the algorithm for finding frequent patterns from data streams with a case study and identify the research issues in handling data streams.

Digital code-switching between Cypriot and Standard Greek: Performance and identity play online

Studies of code-switching in writing are very limited in comparison with the numerous investigations of this phenomenon in oral communication. Recent research has revealed that in text-based computer-mediated communication internet users bring into play the various languages available in their linguistic repertoire and, consequently, switch between them. In this case study, I investigate digital code-switching between Cypriot and Standard Greek, the two varieties of Greek spoken on the island of Cyprus. Following Auer’s conversation analytic approach and Gafaranga’s view that conversational structure coexists with social structure, I investigate code-switching in online interactions. The data to be analysed here, unlike those considered in most studies of code-switching, are written data, obtained from channel #Cyprus of Internet Relay Chat. The results suggest that code-switching in writing is influenced not only by macro-sociolinguistic factors, but they are also shaped by the medium- and social-specific characteristics of Internet Relay Chat. This, in turn, allows internet users to gain access to different roles and perform various identities within this online context.

(Semi-)autonomous subordination in Dutch: Structures and semantic–pragmatic values

This article presents an analysis of autonomous and semi-autonomous subordination patterns in Dutch, some of which have so far gone unnoticed. It proposes a four-way classification of such constructions with the general subordinator dat (‘that’), drawing on Internet Relay Chat corpus data of Flemish varieties. Generalizing over the four types and their various subtypes distinguished here, we find that they all share the semantic property of expressing interpersonal meaning, and most of them also have exclamative illocutionary force. We propose a diachronic explanation for this shared semantic–pragmatic value in terms of the concept of hypoanalysis, and assess to what extent our proposal meshes with extant ellipsis accounts of the patterns studied.

The Internet: An Avenue of Virtual Communication

The Internet is a "network of networks" that connects different ranks of several thousand information networks from dozens of countries around the world. It is a virtual network consisting of an ever-growing number of LAN (Local Area Network-LAN), public and private networks over large areas (Wide Area Network-WAN), regional and national networks that are interconnected (Vasiu, I., 1998). The digital revolution, based mostly on the internet hasn't gotten any halfway, "you haven't seen anything yet." (Ulieru, M. 2008). The Internet represents the biggest "neighborhood" of Cyberspace that makes available to users a few major categories: World Wide Web, Electronic Mail, Usenet, and Internet Relay Chat. The World Wide Web represents an "electronic marketplace" for goods, services and a wide range of applications. Different users constitute their sites, which are presented in Cyberspace as "showcases”. The Internet is administered by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), which endorses the sites names and addresses; It depends directly on the US Department of Commerce and the US Government. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2013.v2n8p660

Detecting P2P bots by mining the regional periodicity

Peer-to-peer (P2P) botnets outperform the traditional Internet relay chat (IRC) botnets in evading detection and they have become a prevailing type of threat to the Internet nowadays. Current methods for detecting P2P botnets, such as similarity analysis of network behavior and machine-learning based classification, cannot handle the challenges brought about by different network scenarios and botnet variants. We noticed that one important but neglected characteristic of P2P bots is that they periodically send requests to update their peer lists or receive commands from botmasters in the command-and-control (C&C) phase. In this paper, we propose a novel detection model named detection by mining regional periodicity (DMRP), including capturing the event time series, mining the hidden periodicity of host behaviors, and evaluating the mined periodic patterns to identify P2P bot traffic. As our detection model is built based on the basic properties of P2P protocols, it is difficult for P2P bots to avoid being detected as long as P2P protocols are employed in their C&C. For hidden periodicity mining, we introduce the so-called regional periodic pattern mining in a time series and present our algorithms to solve the mining problem. The experimental evaluation on public datasets demonstrates that the algorithms are promising for efficient P2P bot detection in the C&C phase.

ENTROPY-GROWTH-BASED MODEL OF EMOTIONALLY CHARGED ONLINE DIALOGUES

We analyze emotionally annotated massive data from Internet relay chat (IRC) as well as from BBC forum website and model the dialogues between chat participants by assuming that the driving force for the discussion is the entropy growth of emotional probability distribution. This process is claimed to be responsible for a power-law distribution of the discussion lengths observed in the dialogues. We perform numerical simulations based on the noticed phenomenon obtaining a good agreement with the real data. Finally, we propose a method to artificially prolong the duration of the discussion that relies on the entropy of emotional probability distribution.

Detecting Distributed Denial of Service Attacks: Methods, Tools and Future Directions

The minimal processing and best-e↵ort forwarding of any packet, malicious or not, was the prime concern when the Internet was designed. This architecture creates an unregulated network path, which can be exploited by any cyber attacker motivated by revenge, prestige, politics or money. Denial-of-service (DoS) attacks exploit this to target critical Web services [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. This type of attack is intended to make a computer resource unavailable to its legitimate users. Denial of service attack programs have been around for many years. Old single source attacks are now countered easily by many defense mechanisms and the source of these attacks can be easily rebu↵ed or shut down with improved tracking capabilities. However, with the astounding growth of the Internet during the last decade, an increasingly large number of vulnerable systems are now available to attackers. Attackers can now employ a large number of these vulnerable hosts to launch an attack instead of using a single server, an approach which is not very e↵ective and detected easily. A distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack [1, 6] is a large-scale, coordinated attack on the availability of services of a victim system or network resources, launched indirectly through many compromised computers on the Internet. The first well-documented DDoS attack appears to have occurred in August 1999, when a DDoS tool called Trinoo was deployed in at least 227 systems, to flood a single University of Minnesota computer, which was knocked down for more than two days1. The first largescale DDoS attack took place on February 20001. On February 7, Yahoo! was the victim of a DDoS attack during which its Internet portal was inaccessible for three hours. On February 8, Amazon, Buy.com, CNN and eBay were all hit by DDoS attacks that caused them to either stop functioning completely or slowed them down significantly1. DDoS attack networks follow two types of architectures: the Agent-Handler architecture and the Internet Relay Chat (IRC)-based architecture as discussed by [7]. The Agent-Handler architecture for DDoS attacks is comprised of clients, handlers, and agents (see Figure 6). The attacker communicates with the rest of the DDoS attack system at the client systems. The handlers are often software packages located throughout the Internet that are used by the client to communicate with the agents. Instances of the agent software are placed in the compromised systems that finally carry out the attack. The owners and users of the agent systems are generally unaware of the situation. In the IRC-based DDoS attack architecture, an IRC communication channel is used to connect the client(s) to the agents. IRC

Entropy growth in emotional online dialogues

We analyze emotionally annotated massive data from IRC (Internet Relay Chat) and model the dialogues between its participants by assuming that the driving force for the discussion is the entropy growth of emotional probability distribution.

Using Internet Relay Chat in Teaching Chinese

The aim of this project is to explore the feasibility of using Internet Relay Chat (IRC) to facilitate Chinese language teaching and learning. This article describes procedures for organizing and conducting chat sessions and discusses the benefits and problems of using IRC. It is argued that IRC promotes communication in the target language and that it enhances students' reading and writing skills. However, some general problems such as keyboarding skills as well as some special difficulties with typing Chinese characters exist. More research is still needed.

봇넷 탐지를 위한 네트워크 세션 분석

최근의 사이버 공격은 경쟁사에 대한 DDoS(Distributed Denial of Service)공격과 기밀정보 유출, 일반 사용자들의 금융정보 유출 광고성 스팸메일의 대량 발송 등 불법 행위를 통해 경제적 이득을 취하려는 형태로 바뀌어가고 있다. 그 중심에 있는 봇넷은 봇이라 불리는 감염된 호스트들의 네트워크로서 최근 발생하는 많은 사이버 공격에 이용되고 있다. 이러한 봇넷은 수많은 변종과 다양한 탐지 회피 기술로 무장하고 전 세계 네트워크 전반에 걸쳐 그 세력을 확장해 가고 있다. 하지만 현존하는 봇넷 대응 솔루션은 대부분 시그네처 기반 탐지 방법을 이용하거나, 극히 제한적인 지역의 봇넷를 탐지하고 있어, 총괄적 봇넷 대응에는 미흡한 것이 현실이다. 본 논문에서는 봇넷을 제어하기 위해 사용되는 IRC(Internet Relay Chat) 통신 세션에서 서버와 연결하는 채널과의 관계 분석을 통하여 봇에 감염된 호스트와 연결된 IRC서버 채널을 탐지하는 방법을 제안한다. In recent years, cyber crimes were intended to get financial benefits through malicious attempts such as DDoS attacks, stealing financial information and spam. Botnets, a network composed of large pool of infected hosts, lead such malicious attacks. The botnets have adopted several evasion techniques and variations. Therefore, it is difficult to detect and eliminate them. Current botnet solutions use a signature based detection mechanism. Furthermore, the solutions cannot cover broad areas enough to detect world-wide botnets. In this paper, we propose IRC (Internet Relay Chat) that is used to control the botnet communication in a session channel of IRC servers connected through the analysis of the relationship of the channel and the connection with the server bot-infected hosts and how to detect.

Dynamic Analysis of Social Networks

This document deals with social networks, their types, analysis of their behaviour and properties. The main focus is on dynamic analysis of social networks taking several points of views. First, it is the analysis of frequency of network usage in various day hours. Second, it is the analysis of changes (growing, reduction or restructuring) with the aid of network visualizat ion. At the end, it is analysis of selected structural characteristics: the distribution of the average nodes degrees for the purpose of authoritative user searching and clustering coefficient for the purpose of user's relations monitoring. The paper describes the results of the dynamic analysis of the data, which were collected fro m social network Internet Relay Chat (IRC) and private discussion channel Kyberia (www.kyberia.sk).

SOCIALINIAI TINKLALAPIAI IR JŲ PANAUDOJIMO GALIMYBĖS

Over the latter decade a rapid development of information communication technol-ogies has been going on in various directions. Technological possibilities have increased very significantly (Lamanauskas, 2012). The development of internet and technologies related with it has been extremely fast. A lot of internet service providers have appeared in the mar-ket, their number still continues to grow. The internet diaries, social portals, technologies allow-ing live communication on the internet (Internet Relay Chat, IRC), talk programme Windows Live Messenger (MSN), ICQ forums and other have occurred and are spreading. Thus, today a consumer can create his profile on the internet, can make friends, communicate in the inter-est groups and so on. It can be stated, that every human being contributes in his own way to the internet and at the same time to ICT development, in general. It is obvious, that together with technological problems also arise social internet problems. Social networking websites are closely related with economical, psychological, educational, valeological and other aspects. There is a shortage of researches grounding socio-educational social network aspects. Research purpose is to ascertain how Lithuanian university students use social net-working websites, how they value them, what opinion they have about various social net-working websites, what they know about them. The main research questions are: What social networking websites do students know and use most frequently?; What social networking website functions do students use and why?; Do students like social networking websites and why?; What do students know about how social networking websites use published personal and other type of information?; What is students’ attitude to opportunities provided by social networking websites? It has been stated, that the majority of the respondents use the internet a few times a day, besides, more than a half of them visit social networking websites a few times a day as well. Only a small part of the respondents haven‘t created their personal profile in social net-working websites. More than a third of the respondents very favourably value social network-ing websites, they like them. Even those who don‘t like social networking websites, all the same, periodically visit them. It has been asserted, that though the respondents know a lot of social networking websites, the most frequently visited and most popular are three: You Tube, Facebook, Google+. The most important functions are: communication, learning and ex-changing information, texting. It is worrying, that only a small part of the respondents know how social networking websites use published and other type of information. Though SNW is an excellent means of communication, a perfect opportunity for finding out various news, for making friends and so on, students are firmly convinced, that communication in virtual space will never substitute direct people‘s relations. Such their position is valued as positive. On the other hand, it is obvious, that educational social networking potential has rather poor expres-sion in students‘ evaluation and it raises a grounded concern. Key words: social networking websites, survey, university students.

USAGE OF SOCIAL NETWORKING WEBSITES: LITHUANIAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ POSITION

Over the latter decade a rapid development of information communication technologies has been going on in various directions. Technological possibilities have increased very significantly (Lamanauskas, 2011). The development of internet and technologies related with it has been extremely fast. A lot of internet service providers have appeared in the market, their number still continues to grow. The internet connection methods are changing - from the ordinary usage of phone line modems (dial - up) to broadband internet technology (DSL) and cable TV internet nets. It can be asserted, that over the mentioned period Web 1.0 internet (static, used for getting information) has been changed to Web 2.0 internet (social). The internet diaries, social portals, technologies allowing live communication on the internet (Internet Relay Chat, IRC), talk programme Windows Live Messenger (MSN), ICQ forums and other have occurred and are spreading. With the appearance of “Skype”, the internet telephony has acquired a qualitatively new characteristic and practically has become a daily routine. Thus, today a consumer can create his profile on the internet, can make friends, communicate in the interest groups and so on. It can be stated, that every human being contributes in his own way to the internet and at the same time to ICT development, in general. It is obvious, that together with technological problems also arise social internet problems. Social networking websites are closely related with economical, psychological, educational, paleological and other aspects. There is a shortage of researches grounding socio-educational social network aspects. It is important to know not only how much time the consumers spend surfing the net, but how much of this time is allotted for communicating in social networking websites, which of them are the most popular and why, how the respondents evaluate social networking website functions, what in general they know about them, what advantages, disadvantages and threats they discern. Finally, it is important to find out whether the usage of social networking websites improves information – communication abilities in some way. Key words: social networking websites, survey, university students.

SOFTWARE ENABLED LOAD BALANCER BY INTRODUCING THE CONCEPT OF SUB SERVERS

In computer networking, load balancing is a technique to spread work between two or more computers, network links, CPUs, hard drives, or other resources, in order to get optimal resource utilization, maximize throughput, and minimize response time. Using multiple components with load balancing, instead of a single component, may increase reliability through redundancy. The balancing service is usually provided by a dedicated program or hardware device (such as a multilayer switch). One of the most common applications of load balancing is to provide a single Internet service from multiple servers, sometimes known as a server farm. Commonly loadbalanced systems include popular web sites, large Internet Relay Chat networks, high-bandwidth File Transfer Protocol sites, NNTP servers and DNS servers. In this paper we proposes a software enabled load balancing model by introducing the concept of sub servers for regional services to overcome the overhead of the main server.

New Method Of Measuring Tcp Performance Of Ip Network Using Bio-Computing

The measurement of performance of Internet Protocol IP network can be done by Transmission Control Protocol TCP because it guarantees send data from one end of the connection actually gets to the other end and in the same order it was send, otherwise an error is reported. There are several methods to measure the performance of TCP among these methods genetic algorithms, neural network, data mining etc, all these methods have weakness and can't reach to correct measure of TCP performance. This paper proposed a new method of measuring TCP performance for real time IP network using Biocomputing, especially molecular calculation because it provides wisdom results and it can exploit all facilities of phylogentic analysis. Applying the new method at real time on Biological Kurdish Messenger BIOKM model designed to measure the TCP performance in two types of protocols File Transfer Protocol FTP and Internet Relay Chat Daemon IRCD. This application gives very close result of TCP performance comparing with TCP performance which obtains from Little's law using same model (BIOKM), i.e. the different percentage of utilization (Busy or traffic industry) and the idle time which are obtained from a new method base on Bio-computing comparing with Little's law was (nearly) 0.13%. KEYWORDS Bio-computing, TCP performance, Phylogenetic tree, Hybridized Model (Normalized), FTP, IRCD

SOCIALINIAI TINKLAPIAI: NAUJA EDUKACINĖ ERDVĖ

Over the latter decade the spread of information communication technologies was going on in various directions. Technological possibilities grew up very significantly (Lamanauskas, 2011). Especially rapid was the development of the internet and technologies related with it. A lot of internet service providers occurred in the market, their number still continues to grow. The internet link methods change - from the ordinary usage of phone line modems (dial - up) to broadband internet technology (DSL) and cable TV internet nets. It can be asserted, that over the mentioned period Web 1.0 internet (static, used for getting information) was changed by Web 2.0 internet (social). The internet diaries, social portals, technologies allowing live communication on the internet (Internet Relay Chat, IRC), talk programme Windows Live Messenger (MSN), ICQ forums and other have occurred and are spreading. With the occurrence of “Skype”, internet telephony acquired a qualitatively new characteristic and practically became a daily routine. Thus, today a consumer can create his profile on the internet, can make friends, communicate in the interest groups and so on. It can be stated, that every human being in his own way contributes to the internet and at the same time to ICT development, in general. It is obvious, that together with technological problems arise social internet problems as well. Social networking websites (SNW) are closely related with economical, psychological, educational, valeological and other aspects. There is a lack of researches based on socio-educational social networking website aspects. It is important to know not only how much time the consumers spend surfing the net, but how much time is allotted for communicating in social networking websites, which of them are the most popular and why, how the respondents evaluate social networking website functions, what in general they know about them, what advantages, disadvantages and threats they discern. Finally, it is important to find out whether usage of social networking websites makes information – communication abilities better in any way. Key words: ICT, educational technologies, social networking websites

SOCIAL NETWORKING WEBSITES: NEW EDUCATIONAL SPACE

Over the latter decade the spread of information communication technologies was going on in various directions. Technological possibilities grew up very significantly (Lamanauskas, 2011). Especially rapid was the development of the internet and technologies related with it. A lot of internet service providers occurred in the market, their number still continues to grow. The internet link methods change - from the ordinary usage of phone line modems (dial - up) to broadband internet technology (DSL) and cable TV internet nets. It can be asserted, that over the mentioned period Web 1.0 internet (static, used for getting information) was changed by Web 2.0 internet (social). The internet diaries, social portals, technologies allowing live communication on the internet (Internet Relay Chat, IRC), talk programme Windows Live Messenger (MSN), ICQ forums and other have occurred and are spreading. With the occurrence of “Skype”, internet telephony acquired a qualitatively new characteristic and practically became a daily routine. Thus, today a consumer can create his profile on the internet, can make friends, communicate in the interest groups and so on. It can be stated, that every human being in his own way contributes to the internet and at the same time to ICT development, in general. It is obvious, that together with technological problems arise social internet problems as well. Social networking websites (SNW) are closely related with economical, psychological, educational, valeological and other aspects. There is a lack of researches based on socio-educational social networking website aspects. It is important to know not only how much time the consumers spend surfing the net, but how much time is allotted for communicating in social networking websites, which of them are the most popular and why, how the respondents evaluate social networking website functions, what in general they know about them, what advantages, disadvantages and threats they discern. Finally, it is important to find out whether usage of social networking websites makes information – communication abilities better in any way.

Creation of Internet Relay Chat Nicknames and Their Usage in English Chatroom Discourse

In a chat discourse it is not always clear who is chatting with whom; automatic discourse analysis is especially problematic. It is important to identify the users' nicknames in the written discourse to find out the receivers of the chat messages. But the linguistic possibilities in nickname creation, and also of using them in the discourse, are various. To study how nicknames are created and used in the Internet Relay Chat (IRC), logs of 13 channels consisting of 8937 public chat messages and 7936 unique nicknames were analyzed in detail. The paper shows, among other things, the basic structure of IRC nicknames, of which parts-of-speech group nicknames are compounded, and which parts-of-speech of a nickname are omitted within the chat discourse. This knowledge leads to a better prediction as to whether there is a link between a current logged-in user and the examined word in discourse, which can be a shortened or creatively changed form of a nickname.

Zoning Laws: Facebook and Google+

Zoning Laws: Facebook and Google+

A methodology for analyzing the credential marketplace

PurposeCybercrime has rapidly developed in recent years thanks in part to online markets for tools and credentials. Credential trading operates along the lines of a wholesale distribution model, where compromised credentials are bundled together for sale to end‐users. Thus, the criminals who specialize in obtaining credentials (through phishing, dumpster diving, etc.) are typically not the same as the end‐users. This research aims to propose an initial methodology for further understanding of how credentials are traded in online marketplaces (such as internet relay chat (IRC) channels), such as typical amounts charged per credential, and with a view to preliminary profiling, especially based on language identification.Design/methodology/approachThis research proposes an initial methodology for further understanding of how credentials are traded in online marketplaces (such as IRC channels), such as typical amounts charged per credential, and with a view to preliminary profiling, especially based on language identification. Initial results from a small sample of credential chatroom data is analysed using the technique.FindingsThe paper identified five key term categories from the subset of the 100 most frequent terms (bank/payment provider names, supported trading actions, non‐cash commodities for trading, targeted countries and times), and demonstrated how actors and processes could be extracted to identify common business processes in credential trading. In turn, these elements could potentially be used to track the specific trading activities of individuals or groups. The hope in the long‐term is that we may be able to cross‐reference named entities in the credential trading world (or a pattern of activity) and cross‐reference this with known credential theft attacks, such as phishing.Originality/valueThis is the first study to propose a methodology to systematically analyse credential trading on the internet.