International Research Cooperation Research Articles

The EU’s Approach to Transatlantic Science and Research Relations: Between ‘Laissez Faire’ and ‘Science Diplomacy’

This article assesses and explains the emergence, forms and extent of the EU-US science and research relations. It does so through the lens of ‘soft power’ since international cooperation in science and research is increasingly seen as an instrument of ‘soft power’ and a mechanism for improving international relations more generally. Drawing on the concept of ‘actorness’ I argue that the forms of engagement with the US are limited to a ‘laissez faire’ approach combined with elements of ‘science diplomacy’. However, there is no evidence that the EU uses science and research actively as a ‘soft power’ tool by trying to shape the behaviour of actors in order to push for policy outcomes the EU wants to see in other policy areas. As long as science and research policy in the EU is characterized by both a highly fragmented governance structure, and competitiveness and sovereignty concerns amongst Member States, the use of science and research as a ‘soft power’ tool in transatlantic relations remains uncharted territory.

Analysis of Competitive Situation in Basic Research of Global Intelligent Robots

Practically grasp the global development trend of the basic research on intelligent robots and provide support for the scientific development of intelligent robots in China. Relying on bibliometrics, this paper has proposed a four-dimensional competitive situation analysis system for basic research based on activeness and talent distribution, etc., which can effectively analyze the global situation of basic research on intelligent robots, able to reveal and describe the competition status quo and situation of the basic scientific research in specific fields. There is a big gap between China and the United States in basic research on intelligent robots, mainly including such aspects as follows: uneven distribution of high-level basic research talents; insufficient international cooperation in high-level scientific research; lower research activeness; layout of key research and development.

International cooperation in research and development of Artificial Intelligence – publication and patent activity

Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the dynamically evolving research fields on the global scale. The world production of publication associated with the AI field increased by a third over the four-year period 2013–2017. Even less research intensive countries as Iran, Turkey, India and Indonesia appear to increase the share of the AI topics in their publication output. In the Czech Republic the fraction of publications in the AI field increased by approximately 10 % over this period. It makes the lowest increase within the EU/EEA. The field normalized citation index of the Czech publications in the year 2016 was above the world average but it is deeply below the top countries USA, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Singapore, and Norway. The extent of international cooperation in AI is generally below the world average. The Czech Republic falls into the group of less cooperating countries. The countries exhibiting the highest growth in AI research are underrepresented in the Czech cooperation portfolio. The fraction of Czech publications in AI coauthored by foreign authors is lower than the national average. It indicates a lower international collaboration in comparison with other research fields. CR falls also in the group of countries less engaged in the international cooperation. The Czech international collaboration misses the countries exhibiting the most vigorous R&D in AI. The international collaboration adds to the quality of the research. The Czech publications originating from the international collaboration are cited above the country average for the AI field. It is even more significant in the collaboration with researchers from the top countries in the AI R&D. The patent activity in the AI field has grown significantly in recent years. There is a marked increase of patent applications having inventors/applicants from more than one country. It indicates that the applied R&D in AI has a more international character in comparison with other technology fields. A high intensity of collaboration in the authorship of patent applications is within language and geographically neighbouring countries and with countries having a highly internationalized R&D system. Multinational corporations involved in international innovation networks contribute also to the international cooperation. ICT corporations like IBM, Google, or Microsoft which often employ foreign researchers have a dominant role in international cooperation. The R&D of the Czech enterprises is relatively closed to the international cooperation. Domestic enterprises in AI use foreign employees in a small extent. The domestic enterprises even do not tap into the pool of intellectual property authored by the Czech researchers. The majority of patents with participation of Czech inventors is registered by foreign corporations.

Project interface choice and knowledge creation: Evidence of international science cooperation in Taiwan

To heed the recent calls for more inquiries into the endogenous nature of governance decisions, this study aims to develop a comparative perspective on the performance implication of the project interface design in the context of international scientific cooperation. Using Heckman's two-stage model in a sample of 217 international scientific cooperation projects sponsored by the Taiwanese government, this study shows that project performance characterized by the collective knowledge creation is explained more by team competence and inter-team social capital than by the project interface choice per se. Furthermore, the knowledge co-creation performance is impaired in the presence of project interface misfit, either over- or under-guarding the knowledge exchange in science cooperation. The findings not only yield implications for managing international cooperation in scientific research but offer comparability and equivalency with the organization-level studies characterized by knowledge exchange/creation and governance difficulties.

Opening European Research to the World: Evidence from International Cooperation

In recent years, the European Union (EU) has intensified efforts to open European research programmes to the world. This paper focuses on the opening of European research to the world by studying the case of the FP7 international cooperation programme. It is based on a mixed-methods approach including analyses of quantitative data, documents and interviews with programme participants, policymakers and other stakeholders involved in 131 EU projects worldwide. The paper identifies features specific to the European international research cooperation scheme and contributes to our understanding of the supranational intervention and its impact on European research integration. Policymakers can use this piece of evidence to formulate enhanced strategies and better design and target activities both within the EU and globally, to achieve stronger, long-lasting research outcomes and effects.

Aircraft Noise Generation and Assessment Section 5-Overall Vehicle System Noise, Part d-Sonic Boom.

There has been a renewed interest globally in civil supersonic overland flight that has fostered numerous research and technology development activities. It is now possible to design a low-boom aircraft with a carefully tailored vehicle shape that controls the far field pressures and minimizes sonic booms on the ground. This section will describe recent international advances and cooperative research in sonic boom design, propagation modeling, and human subjective response in preparation of potential international rule changes that will permit civil supersonic flight over land.

Mechanics 2006--2015: Situation and prospect

Based on strategy report for 2016--2020 of the department of mathematics and physics of NSFC and the series of research reports on the development of the disciplines-mechanics 2016--2015: China and World, the authors introduce funding of the National Natural Science Foundation in the discipline of mechanics in brief. The article analyzes the development of the discipline of mechanics through studying the number of papers, the number of citations and top 1% papers, the citation rate of papers, the frequency of citations, the impact of citations on papers, the output rate of top 1% high citation papers, international cooperation and autonomy research from 2006 to 2015, and puts forward opinions and advices on the future development of mechanics in last.

P096 EXAMINING VARIATION IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF IBD TO STRENGTHEN INTERNATIONALLY COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is increasing in incidence in many countries of the world, especially in countries were infectious colitis are still prevalent. One challenge of research combining IBD patients from different international centers is the possibility that practice variation may affect the diagnosis and treatment decisions at each country. We aim to examine the variation in the diagnosis of IBD using survey-administered clinical vignettes to validate international cooperation in research. Participating organizations included the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation, the Asian Organization for Crohn’s & Colitis (AOCC), the Asian Pacific Association of Gastroenterology (APAGE), the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation of India, the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation (ECCO), and the Lebanese Society of Gastroenterology (LSGE). Gastroenterologist and IBD specialist survey respondents were presented 3 clinical vignettes. First the entire H&P and laboratory values were given and participants selected an initial diagnosis. Then the colonoscopy stills and pathology report were given for a final diagnosis. The diagnoses listed in multiple choice format were CD, UC, IBD-U, TB, CMV, C. difficile, parasitic, lymphocytic, collagenous, NSAID-induced or other colitis. In this exploratory analysis, we used the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel statistic to look at the consensus in final diagnosis of IBD colitis (CD, UC or IBD-U) or infectious colitis (TB, CMV, C. difficile or parasitic etiologies) or other forms of colitis (lymphocytic, collagenous, NSAIDs-induced or other etiologies) between Asia, Europe and North America. We also looked at the change of diagnosis once colonoscopic and pathologic data were presented. We analyzed 269 participants. 61.5% were from Asia, 15.2% were from Europe and 23.4% were from North America. 78.8% were GI attendings and 10.8% were fellows in training. 41.3% completed specialized IBD training. 21.2% had an IBD-heavy patient cohort (>50% of all patients seen). 77.3% completed their medical education, training and practice in the same country. The general median year in practice was 6, ranging between -1 (still in training) to 61 years. Table 1 shows that there was consensus among the different causes of colitis in 9 out of 10 cases. Said case was diagnosed as IBD by 62.5% of European, while participants from Asia and North American diagnosed the case as infectious colitis (62.5% and 81.8% respectively). Otherwise, there was consensus in the same diagnosis type after reviewing colonoscopic and pathologic data in all ten cases. The study showed nominal variation in diagnosis of IBD around the world. There is no need to account for such variation when conducting international clinical trials.

Problems and Countermeasures of International Cooperative Education in Industrial Design

The general trend of design globalization has given rise to profound education reform, which requires institutions of higher learning to promote international communication and cooperation in the process of discipline construction. International cooperative teaching & research project, setting of Chinese and foreign courses, international academic exchange and exchange student are the main forms of international cooperative education. The core of international cooperative education in industrial design is communication, cooperation, reciprocity and mutual benefit. It’s a reform which covers cross-cultural, global and applied courses and teaching activities. This paper introduces in detail problems existing in international cooperative education in industrial design, and proposes means of its reform in such aspects as resource integration, major reform, course setting, regional characteristic development and internal management mechanism.

International Collaboration in Library and Information Science Research in Korea

This study sought to examine five theses from major journals concerning Korea's Library and Information Science, published from 1970 to 2018, so as to diagnose the current stage of International Research Cooperation in the field of Korea's Library and Information Science which researchers from two or more different nations jointly conducted. Furthermore, it determined the overall research trend so as to propose measures for activating and bolstering International Research Cooperation in the field of Korea's Library and Information Science. The findings of this study are expected to not only help further promote the International Research Cooperation in the category of Korea's Library and Information Science but also upgrade the overall quality of Korean researches in Library and Information Science. URL: http://ijkcdt.net/xml/20260/20260.pdf

Research on National Scientific Research Cooperation between China and the “One Belt and One Road”—Based on the Frontier Gravity Model

With the continuous development of science and technology and the deepening of international academic exchanges, international scientific research cooperation has become an important part of national strategy. Therefore, the research on the influencing factors of scientific research cooperation between China and “One Belt and One Road” countries plays an important guiding role in promoting the cultural, scientific and technological exchanges between them. This article is based on the United States patent and trademark office (USPTO) database in 2008-2017 patent cooperation data. On the basis of studying the current situation of scientific research cooperation between China and countries along the Belt and Road by means of intelligence mining, this paper innovate and quote the model of frontier gravity in economics creatively, and conducte an empirical study on the factors affecting scientific research cooperation between China and countries along the Belt and Road. The empirical results show that, except that the countries bordering on each other will inhibit China’s scientific research cooperation with countries along the “One Belt and One Road”, national scientific research strength, national innovation capacity, bilateral relations and economic scale will all promote the development of international scientific research cooperation. However, the geographical distance between the two countries has no significant impact on it. Besides, the limitation of this paper is that the number of patent cooperation between China and “One Belt and One Road” countries is generally small; many countries are not involved in patent cooperation, and data of some countries are missing and incomplete.

International Education Cooperation at the FIT Graduate School of Engineering and the Development of an International Engineering Curriculum through Cooperation

This report introduces an international education and research cooperation carried out between the FIT (Fukuoka Inst. of Tech.) graduate school of engineering and its foreign agreement universities against the backdrop of the regional characteristics of FIT. The results of consideration to a difficult problem with an internationalized education in the graduate school of engineering and the higher education for the next-generation information-based society are shown. In the report, we explain about an acceptance situation of overseas students admitted to the FIT graduate school of engineering from its agreement universities and internationalized curriculum for the engineering graduate students of FIT formed through international education cooperation with agreement universities. Finally, problems with an internationalization of engineering education and a human resource training for globalization are considered.

Comparative Analysis on Research Trends of International Research Cooperation Subject by Country

Comparative Analysis on Research Trends of International Research Cooperation Subject by Country

Does regulation drive international research cooperation? Evidence from the pharmaceutical sector

AbstractTo what extent is an increased stringency of the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) system apt to stimulate research cooperation between developed and emerging economies? To address this question, we empirically investigate how international joint research projects in the pharmaceutical sector are affected by the regime of IPR in force in the two countries involved in the collaboration. Looking at the joint signature of both patent documents and scientific papers by researchers located in developed and emerging markets, our investigation indicates two opposite effects: joint publications are fostered by stricter IPR rules, whereas joint patents are discouraged. A recently proposed theory provides a plausible rationale for this apparently contradicting result.

Synthesis and Characterization of the First Tin Fluoride Borate Sn3[B3O7]F with Second Harmonic Generation Response

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is work resulting from an international research cooperation of the Huppertz and Höppe groups (University of Innsbruck, Austria and University of Augsburg, Germany) with Lkhamsuren Bayarjargal associated to the Winkler Group (University of Frankfurt, Germany), Florian Pielnhofer (University of Regensburg, Germany), and Andreas Saxer (University of Innsbruck, Austria). The image depicts synthesis and crystal structure of the first hydrothermally synthesized tin fluoride borate Sn3[B3O7]F. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201803478.

INBREAD project, example of international research cooperation in plant biotechnology

INBREAD project, example of international research cooperation in plant biotechnology

China has officially released its first national list of rare diseases.

Over the past few years, the Chinese Government has paid greater attention to rare diseases and it has incorporated rare diseases in national health strategy and planning. On May 22, 2018, the Chinese Government officially released its first list of rare diseases, which included 121 rare diseases. The list was published to facilitate greater societal awareness of rare diseases, to improve the ability of front-line medical staff to treat rare diseases, to introduce incentives for research and development of orphan drugs, and to increase the availability of medicines for rare diseases. This effort will enhance the management of rare diseases in China, raise the level of diagnosis and treatment for rare diseases, and safeguard the health-related rights and interests of patients with rare diseases. The classification of rare diseases is based on a common international standards, which will promote international cooperation in drug research and policymaking with regard to rare diseases.

Práticas letivas de sala de aula de Matemática nos anos iniciais

<p>Este artigo visa caracterizar as práticas letivas que ocorrem nas salas de aula dos anos iniciais, na área curricular de matemática, a partir de uma pesquisa em cooperação internacional. Por meio de uma metodologia de investigação qualitativa, em que a recolha de dados foi realizada a partir de observações de aulas e entrevistas assentes numa matriz de investigação, foram elaboradas sínteses conclusivas e interpretativas as quais denominamos de narrativas. A análise dessas narrativas mostrou alguns resultados: práticas avaliativas ainda centradas na classificação; participação efetiva dos alunos no processo de ensino e aprendizagem muito reduzida; ausência de integração no que diz respeito à relação entre os processos de ensino, avaliação e aprendizagem; dentre outras. Pelo estudo ainda é possível afirmar que há um desejo de se realizar uma avaliação para as aprendizagens, porém é necessário fortalecer o campo teórico sobre avaliação para que em aula se possam problematizar e transgredir práticas estabelecidas.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> Processo de Ensino-Aprendizagem; Avaliação das Aprendizagens; Matemática; Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental.</p><p> </p><p><em><strong>Prácticas lectivas de Matemáticas en aulas de primária</strong></em></p><p><em>Este artículo tiene como objetivo estudiar prácticas lectivas en aulas de los primeros años de enseñanza, en el área de las matemáticas, en base de una investigación de cooperación internacional. A partir de una investigación cualitativa, donde la recogida de datos se fundamentó en observaciones en el aula y entrevistas basadas en una matriz de la investigación, se realizaron síntesis conclusivas y interpretativas a las que denominamos de narrativas. El análisis de estas narrativas produjo algunos resultados: las prácticas evaluativas todavía se centran en la clasificación; la participación real de los alumnos en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje es muy reducida; la ausencia de integración en lo que se refiere a la relación entre los procesos de enseñanza, evaluación y aprendizaje, entre otros. Por el estudio sigue siendo posible afirmar que existe un interés en realizar una evaluación para las aprendizajes, no obstante, es necesario fortalecer el campo teórico de la evaluación de modo que, en aula, se puedan problematizar e transgredir las prácticas establecidas.</em></p><p><em><strong>Palabras clave:</strong> Proceso de Enseñanza-Aprendizaje; Evaluación del Aprendizaje; Matemáticas; Años Iniciales de la Educación Básica.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em><strong>Mathematics clasroom practices in the elementary school</strong></em></p><p><em>This article aims to characterize teaching practices that occur in the classrooms of the elementary school, in the area of mathematics, based on an international cooperative research. Conclusive and interpretative summaries were developed using a qualitative methodology in which data were gathered from classroom observations and interviews, grounded in an investigative matrix, which we called narratives. The analyses of these narratives showed the following results: assessment practices are still centered on classification; effective participation of students in the teaching and learning process is greatly reduced; lack of integration regarding the relationship among the processes of teaching, assessment and learning; among others. This study also shows that there is a desire to conduct an assessment for learning. However, it is necessary to strengthen the theoretical field on assessment so that, in the classroom, we can problematize and counter established practices.</em></p><p><em><strong>Keywords:</strong> Teaching and Learning Process; Learning Assessment; Mathematics; Early Years of Elementary School.</em></p>

Key lessons learned by teaching ecotourism to undergraduate students in Bogotá's urban wetlands

ABSTRACTEducation is a key aspect for wetland conservation. Education-based research is urgently required in wetland ecosystems worldwide. International cooperation in research and sound ecotourism initiatives are key to promote wetland conservation on a global scale. In the current investigation, we explore key lessons that can be learned by teaching ecotourism in Santa María del Lago, Cordoba, and Guaymaral wetlands in Bogotá, Colombia. We focus on seven ecotourism-related components associated with environmental and educational aspects. We analyze these components and generate key lessons for teaching ecotourism in wetland ecosystems. These lessons can serve as an example for the creation of similar courses in other contexts.

International Cooperation Research, Human Resources Development, and Social Adaptation in Disaster Risk Reduction

International Cooperation Research, Human Resources Development, and Social Adaptation in Disaster Risk Reduction