International News Agencies Research Articles

Aktivisme, Budaya Populer, dan Media: Paradigma Protes terhadap Three Finger Salute dalam Berita Reuters

This study investigates the framing and presences of the protest paradigm in Reuters' coverage of activism events in Southeast Asia involving The Hunger Games' Three Finger Salute. In recent years, several protests in the region have adopted this salute as a means of expressing dissent against their respective governments. These diverse activisms not only attract media attention as political events but also signify interconnected political phenomena through a gesture inspired by popular narratives such The Hunger Games. Reuters, an international news agency, has shown a heightened interest in this phenomenon compared to other news agencies that focusing solely on political activities. While it is common for news reports to embody the protest paradigm when covering activism, Reuters' coverage specific focus on events involving the Three Finger Salute sets it apart. The protest paradigm highlights the media's tendency to depict social protests with a negative sentiment. Through text and framing analysis, this research delves into how Reuters selectively emphasizes certain aspects of these fan activisms. The findings reveal that Reuters framed the coverage of fan activisms around authoritarian government, youth and student, and royalist. Reuters also has negative sentiment and continues to perpetuate the protest paradigm.

Civilized Death: The Issue of Stray Animals and Sports Mega- Events in Russia

The article examines how the strategy of constructing the social problem of animal cruelty in Russia has become successful in the context of preparing and holding sports mega- events. The constructionist theory of social problems by M. Spector, J. Kitsius, and J. Best is developed on the basis of N. Elias’s civilization theory, as well as on the studies of mega- events in non-western countries. The analytical scheme of hierarchically interconnected levels of industries of social problems initiating, in interaction, the very actualization of various social conditions on the threshold of mega- events is offered: these are regional, national, and international. Two cities were chosen, Kazan and Sochi, for the empirical fields of research. The research sample included materials from the media of regional and federal publications. The articles on the topic of stray animals in Sochi and Kazan in the eve of the sports mega- events were also searched on the websites of major international news agencies and newspapers. The method of discourse analysis was applied to the rhetoric of the main actors, to identify the main techniques of typification and the main discourses that are formed around the issue of the homeless animals’ treatment. Longitudinal media analysis allowed us to see how the rhetoric of actors of the national industry of social problems changes under the pressure of the international industry of social problems. We consider discursive constructions that are actively promoted at the regional level, but are modified or disappear at the federal and international levels.

Narratives and Discourse: Translation in the Development and Contestation of Media Frames

Objectives: This study investigates the overlooked possibility of importing and exporting narratives’ impact through translation and circulation in international news agencies. An exported narrative gains currency and alternative interpretations through guided associations or disassociations with discourses circulating the host socio-political context.
 Methods: The study adopts the descriptive-analytical approach and borrows tenets offered by critical discourse analysis. Rather than focusing on the impact of exported narrative on the host socio-political discourses, it explores the possible implications of the host socio-political narrative for the introduced interpretation. Accordingly, the study compared and analysed the narratives of Translation students’ at Mutah University to address the study’s primary aim of exporting AlMamlaka discourse through translation.
 Results: This view of narrativity approaches exporting narratives as an attempt to re-narrate an event and alter its dynamics. This study explores possible applications in AlMamlaka English because international news agencies often re-narrate ontological or public narratives as disciplinary or meta-narratives to allow a broader audience to subscribe to the represented interpretation of reality. After being empowered as a metanarrative, the exported discourse will eventually return to the source language socio-political context from where it had emerged.
 Conclusions: The study recommends launching AlMamlaka English and asserts its role in acquainting international audiences with Jordanian viewpoints on local and global events.

Employing artificial intelligence to verify and detect fake news: A case study of Al Ekhbariya news channel (Arabic)

The primary objective of this study is to identify the use of artificial intelligence (AI) as a mechanism for verification and detection of fake news in the Saudi Al Ekhbariya channel. The study also aims to know the vision of senior channel administration in terms of employing artificial intelligence as a mechanism for verification, auditing, and the detection of fake news, and to reveal the AI technology that the channel employs. The study was based on the case study methodology and researchers used in-depth interview and scientific observation tools, as well as intentional sampling in collecting information for the study. In-depth interviews were conducted with officials and the AI newsroom team of the news channel. The research found that the channel's first source of internal news is its correspondents, while the reliable sources for external news were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Saudi Press Agency, and international news agencies. The respondents also mentioned that the news channel relied on a number of mechanisms for technical verification, the most prominent of which is the (INews) program. The smart newsroom of Al Ekhbariya channel uses a number of photo and video verification tools, foremost of which is Google image.

Framing Analysis of ChatGPT in Malaysian English Newspaper

Ever since the release of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) driven text tool named ChatGPT, society has started a wildfire of discussion regarding its pros and cons. However, ChatGPT has been given wide attention due to its availability and accessibility. People can easily assess the tool from their smartphones or computers. Thus, this research explores how newspapers frame ChatGPT. It is important as newspaper portrayals are responsible for shaping public opinion. Using a qualitative approach, the researcher used framing analysis to analyse data collected from a Malaysian daily English Newspaper, The Star. The newspaper articles were collected for a period of three months starting February 1st to April 30th, 2023. The rationale behind the period was that ChatGPT Plus was made available in Malaysia in February. A total of 69 articles were found. However, only 17 articles were written locally while the rest were taken from international news agencies. Thus, the study will only include the local articles to see how they were written in a local context. The study found three major recurring themes which are responsibility, consequence, and human-interest frames. The newspapers urged society to embrace AI, especially in the education and business sectors. More emphasis was put on practitioners in their respective industries to set up policies to guide the usage of ChatGPT. Meanwhile, consequence frames were highlighted when the newspapers covered the low side of ChatGPT such as the dangers of fraud, phishing as well as plagiarism. Finally, the human-interest frame could be found when the newspaper shed light on some human conditions such as celebrities' and students’ opinions on ChatGPT. With that, the findings suggest that Malaysian newspapers should give more diverse coverage on the topic itself. It is evident that the newspaper should look at their roles as public watchdogs to serve the public's interest.

Mediated public diplomacy and peace journalism: International public news agencies on the Syrian crisis

As the liberal international order has been falling, the heteropolar order coupled with politics of uncertainty has been rising. In this context, illiberal regimes of status-seeking powers have realized the value of public diplomacy to promulgate their versions of the “reality.” Those illiberal regimes’ adoption of public diplomacy tools (incl. international public news agencies) has generated discussions on theoretical and practical approaches to the field at the intersection of political science/international relations, media, and communication studies. Against this backdrop, this paper aims to contribute to the emerging literature on public diplomacy of non-Western illiberal democracies. With the assumption that those regimes' illiberal democratic characteristics will be reflected in their public agencies' coverage styles (e.g., monologic, conflictive, and unbalanced), the article raises the following question: How do illiberal democracies utilize international public agencies as public diplomacy channels? To answer this question, it compares framing strategies (peace/war journalism) of the Russian TASS and the Turkish Anatolian Agency public agencies during the Syrian crisis. The findings reveal that those illiberal regimes’ public agencies have reported the crisis as a state-centric monolog in conflict with the West by distrupting the global public good (i.e., peace).

The Challenges Faced by the International News Agencies AFP, Reuters, AP and Bloomberg in the Era of GAFA and Artificial Intelligence

The Challenges Faced by the International News Agencies AFP, Reuters, AP and Bloomberg in the Era of GAFA and Artificial Intelligence

Diabetes Care during Humanitarian Crises due to Floodings and Earthquakes in IDF-MENA Region

Background: Diabetes care in humanitarian crises after the devastating 2005 earthquake in Pakistani Jammu and Kashmir, and in 2022 huge floodings across Pakistan is challenging due to many topographic reasons related to the terrain and the infrastructure Materials and Methods: In this article, 197 articles were reviewed from PubMed and Google Scholar using conveniently related search terms in the titles and abstracts published from (2000-2022). Additional information was retrieved from the official sites of active international aid organizations and news agencies. Results: It was found that the preparedness plans for proper diabetes care in disaster and non-disaster settings are unsatisfactory in malfunctioning healthcare infrastructures and the non-availability of life-saving medications like insulins. These plans are not fulfilling the needs of the people living with non-communicable diseases like diabetes and hypertension. The role of the international aid organizations after 2005 was directed toward immediate care of traumatic conditions and their complications, infectious diseases control, mental health, care for the elderly, and orphanage care but not covering the diabetes care. Conclusions and Recommendations: The healthcare authorities should adjust a disaster preparedness plan for the country, integrating noncommunicable disease control as a pivotal part and mitigating the current deficit in diabetes care for people in need in different humanitarian crises.

Borrowing lenses from the West: Analysis of an African media representation of western nations

This study considers the representation of western nations in Nigerian newspapers. It is conceived as a response to western media portrayal of African nations, which has received extensive research attention. The outcome of this substantial body of research points to a negative representation of developing nations, which are characterized by poverty, violence and instability. However, little or nothing exists on the counter-representation of western nations in the African media, and this is the focus of our research. To this end, we employ quantitative content analysis to identify the tone and theme of the representation of western nations in two newspapers based in Lagos, Nigeria. Our findings show that, although the tone of western representation in the Nigerian media is complex, it is largely negative, and the theme focuses on the political and global power of western nations. We contend that this pattern of representation reflects the existence of structural imperialism, particularly in the news reports of Nigerian newspapers, almost all of which were dubbed from international news agencies. This leads us to argue that the representation of western nations in Nigerian newspapers indicates the existence of borrowed lenses, with implications for the construction of knowledge on regional and global affairs.

Media Bias and Factors Affecting the Impartiality of News Agencies during COVID-19.

When COVID-19 was raging around the world, people were more fearful and anxious. In this context, the media should uphold impartiality and shoulder the responsibility of eliminating misinformation. Therefore, our research adopted sentiment analysis technologies to analyze the impartiality of news agencies and analyzed the factors that affect the impartiality of COVID-19-related articles about various countries. The SentiWordNet3.0 and bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) models were employed to analyze the articles and visualize the data. The following conclusions were redrawn in our research. During the pandemic, articles of some news agencies were not objective; the impartiality of news agencies was related to the reliability of news agencies instead of the bias of news agencies; there were obvious differences in the coverage and positivity of international news agencies to report the performance of COVID-19 prevention and control in different countries.

Assessing the Impacts of Changes in the Currency Exchange Rate on Air Pollution in Tehran: A Sectoral Review

The 2022 winter was the most polluted season of Tehran in the past five years. Tehran is rated as one of the world’s most polluted cities in World Air Quality Index (AQI) Ranking. Air pollution in Iran’s big cities is the consequence of several economic, technological, management, and socio-cultural factors. But how important is the currency exchange rate? Since the Iranian revolution in 1979, the country has been subjected to sanctions imposed by a varied of international entities, namely the United States. The economic and political consequences of the exchange rate have so far been the central topics of interest to researchers, journalists, and officials. Although multiple factors affect the level of air pollution in cities, this study narrows down its focus on the 2018-2020 period, during which changing in Dollar to Rial have burdened environmental strategies in Iran. National and public entities do not officially reveal the trade volume between Iran and the international community, importing and exporting transactions, and foreign and domestic investments. Therefore, this descriptive-analytical paper examines the experts’ and official debate over the topic in the major national and international newspapers, news agencies, and interviews. Findings reveal political debate and economic consequences, namely a decrease in the Iranian Rial exchange rate against the U.S. dollar, have had undeniable impacts on the national and local actions related to five key areas of public transit, motorcycles, automobiles, petrol, and refineries and power plants, which are five significant pollution factors in Tehran.

Ethical Aspects in Media towards Children in Armed Conflict

The study aimed to identify the moral role that the media plays towards children during armed conflicts. This study is considered as one of the descriptive studies using the content analysis method. The sample used by the researcher was determined using the class method for the year (2015) with a period of (3 months) Which represents the time sample, while the volume of media reports that were analyzed reached (887) media reports distributed over the period , and the study yielded the following results: - The topic of "International Humanitarian Law" was number one onthe list of topics with 22.2%, Followed by the second position of the Commission on Human Rights with 12.2%. the study results indicate that the international news agencies were first ranked among all sources with (49.6%), Followed by agencies+channel sources with (22.6%). The written news reports are the type used by theAl Arabiya website in its coverage of the ethical aspects in the media about Yemen children during armed conflict with (62.1%). Keywords: Media Ethics, Armed Conflict, News Reports, Al Arabiya Channel.

DECARBONIZATION MANAGEMENT: DEVELOPMENT OF A SYNERGY MODEL OF ELECTROMOBILITY FOR CLIMATE CONSERVATION

The work uses an integrated approach, methods of analysis and synthesis. The research is based on the official data of world economic statistics, the study of data from international news agencies and organizations. The changes in the planet's climate under the influence of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere are shown. The analysis of the existing processes allows us to judge that the world community is already fully aware of the severity and possible consequences of climate change, but is not yet ready for taking radical effective measures to stabilize the situation. The need for systemic measures to preserve the climate was noted. It is pointed out that in the process of decarbonization management, the development of electromobility, which should be combined with environmentally-friendly methods of generating electrical energy, occupies the most important place. The synergistic effect of the proposed model for the development of electromobility is manifested in the fact that it can receive support not only from supporters of electromobility, but also from those who support the construction of private houses to ensure comfortable living for people. The analysis of the calculated indicators of obtaining electrical energy for different conditions is carried out. It is shown that among many options for using the synergetic model, there are those that quite reliably provide electric vehicles and households with energy. A synergetic model is proposed, which includes the management of a set of factors to ensure the process of balanced development of electric mobility, which has a number of advantages: ease of placement of electric vehicles; no air pollution; the possibility in some cases of fully charging electric vehicles with their own energy, meeting the needs of households, as well as the supply of excess energy to the external electricity grid; the ability to charge electric cars at home with your own charger, while such charging is not limited in time. Such synergetic model of electric mobility development should contribute not only to the widespread use of electric vehicles, but also to the creation of comfortable living conditions for people, so it can be much more attractive for implementation. The results of the work can be used in practice in the process of managing the development of real complexes of objects associated with the operation of environmentally-friendly transport.

How News Agencies' Twitter Posts on COVID-19 Vaccines Attract Audiences' Twitter Engagement: A Content Analysis.

As the most important global news distributors, the big three international news agencies’ reports about COVID-19 vaccines have a great influence on people’s understanding of them. Based on the health belief model (HBM), we examined which constructs in the HBM were related to audiences’ Twitter engagement and the differences among the agencies. We content-analyzed 1162 COVID-19 vaccine-related tweets from three international news agencies’ Twitter accounts (@AFPespanol, @AP, @Reuters) from 2 December 2020 to 31 January 2021. The results showed that the most-used HBM construct was barriers, followed by benefits, susceptibility, cues to action, severity, and self-efficacy. About half of the tweets used a positive tone and nearly half of the tweets used a neutral tone, while only 3.1% of the tweets used a negative tone. Reuters used a significantly more negative tone, more neutral tone, and less positive tone than was expected. AFP used a significantly more positive tone and less neutral tone than was expected. The effectiveness of utilizing HBM constructs for vaccination promotion strongly depends on the audience context. The use of HBM constructs for vaccination was generally effective for Reuters but seems to have backfired for AFP.

Verbal processes in the Covid-19 news discourses: An analysis of ‘aswaqpress.com’ coverage on Malaysia

December 2019 marked the emergence of a deadly virus known as Covid-19. Since then, we have been battling the virus, which has infected more than 250 million people and killed 4.5 million globally. The pandemic has become the headline of almost every media outlet, local and international news agency. Hence, this article aims to examine the Arabic online news discourse of the event by focusing on the verbal processes strategically utilised in reporting the pandemic in Malaysia. This study's data consists of Modern Standard Arabic online news published by Aswaq (aswaqpress.com) news portal between January and July 2021. Aswaq provides Arabic news and information on Malaysia to the Arab world. Hence, the information provided by the portal is vital in portraying Malaysia to Arab audiences, particularly in framing the way Malaysia deals with the Covid-19. The study employs corpus linguistics analytical tools using corpus software AntConc 3.5.8 (2019). Then, the quantitative result will be analysed using a qualitative approach based on the textual-oriented Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of Fairclough (1992). It is shown that Aswaq has strategically utilised various verbal processes to report on the word said and articulated around the pandemic. The diversity of verbal processes usage indicates different connotations that hint at different strategic approaches in reporting the news. Hence, it may lead to uncovering the outlet stance of the event. Finally, the study will present suggestions for other related studies in the future.

أجندة وكالة الأنباء الفرنسية AFP في معالجة الصورة الصحفية للمقاومة السلمية مسيرات العودة الكبرى نموذجًا "دراسةٌ تحليليةٌ"

The study aimed to identify the treatment of the press image of the Great Return Marches in the French international news agency AFP by knowing the most important issues, their direction and the degree of interest in them. The study belongs to the descriptive research, and used the survey method, within the context of the content analysis method, and the researcher relied on the content analysis form tool and the interview tool to collect data. The study population is represented in the photos published by the French News Agency about the Great Return Marches during the period (end of March / 2018 until the end of November / 2019. The researcher chose an intentional sample using the Complete Census method. The study material represented all the photos related to the Great Return Marches. The researcher relied on the agenda theory of "priority order''. Among the most important results: The study showed photos of the political issues of the Great Return Marches by (81.7%); The sources of the press photo came from the agency’s photographers themselves (96.7%); The negative trend of the press image Great Return March came (91.2%); Among its most important recommendations: The French agency AFP should pay attention to the press pictures with a positive trend; increasing interest towards the different types of press photos according to its content and focusing on the personal image.

Framing the frontier – Tracing issues related to soybean expansion in transnational public spheres

Rapid soybean expansion in South America has been linked to numerous socio-environmental problems, including deforestation in sensitive biomes. As a major importing region of soybeans, wider public awareness has also put pressure on the European Union. Different governance initiatives involving various groups of stakeholders have sought to address these issues. However, what is identified as a relevant problem, as a region of interest or which actors are mentioned in this context are all matters of claims-making processes between different groups and mediated through various channels of communication. This study uses a text-mining approach to trace the construction of socio-ecological problems related to soybean expansion and the actors and regions linked with these issues in public discourse. The focus lies on print media from the European Union, but several additional sources are included to investigate the similarities and differences between various communication channels and regions. These include newspaper articles from producing countries and international news agencies, scientific abstracts, corporate statements, and reports from advocacy groups gathered from the mid-1990s to 2020. The results show that European mass media have shifted their focus from consumer labeling, health, and concerns over genetically modified organisms towards more distant or abstract phenomena, such as deforestation and climate change. This has been accompanied with a broader view on different stakeholders, but also with a strong regional focus on the Amazon biome. There has also been much less attention on direct concerns for communities in producing regions, such as land conflicts or disputes over intellectual property rights. We conclude that while European public spheres appear to become more receptive to issues related to impacts in sourcing regions, there remains a narrow focus on specific problems and regions, which reflects a fundamental asymmetry in different stakeholders' ability to shape transnational deliberations and resulting governance processes.

THE RELEVANCE OF THE USE OF MEDIA IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING

This article discusses the advantages of using different media in teaching foreign languages, the integration of information and communication technologies in the traditional educational process. The work also presents a selection of current English-language publications, their versions in electronic format, as well as Internet sites of international public information TV channels and news agencies. With the advent of digital platforms, the nature of modern media has changed; they have ceased to be one-pronged. The author emphasizes the exceptional effectiveness of the use of authentic material and a wide range of topics covered in periodicals, the linguistic relevance of mass media resources, their informative saturation for the formation of skills and abilities of interlingual and intercultural communication.

Reporting Conflict from Afar: Journalists, Social Media, Communication Technologies, and War

ABSTRACT We conducted interviews with conflict journalists who covered the conflicts in Syria, Yemen, Libya, and Iraq and who work for the major international news agencies and media companies. These journalists did most of their reporting from remote locations as the conflict zones were too dangerous to be physically present. We investigated how the journalist did their jobs with the communicative affordances of digital tools and how digital trust-building occurred. The trust-building process between journalists and sources shifted across platforms and according to the technologies’ communicative affordances. We established that reporters had embraced the flow of news material on social media platforms as a valuable source of information, but after exercising extreme caution. Journalists upheld the boundaries that separated them from amateurs by emphasizing their role in making sense of events. They also fortified their gatekeeping role through verifying and vetting information – a task needed to maintain credibility and protect readers and viewers from misinformation and propaganda. Encrypted messaging applications such as WhatsApp played a major role in speeding up communication with and protecting potential sources and verification.

Do International News Agencies Set the Agenda of Pakistani English Newspapers? A Critical Analysis of Three English Dailies of Pakistan

The aim of this study is to measure the reliance of the Pakistani English press on international news agencies. Quantitative content analysis was done to see the level of reliance. A ten-year period has been selected for analysis starting from 9/11. International pages of three English newspapers were selected. The results indicated that there is very small contribution of the newspapers in the case of international news content, they mostly rely on foreign content and publish the same. Pakistani newspapers hardly try to appoint their correspondents and resultantly they have to copy the same content available by international news agencies e.g., AP, AFP & Reuter. The study considered the theory of media imperialism and the results endorse the age-old central verses peripheral relationship with developed countries and the developing nations which still persist