International Field Research Articles

Education and Community Engagement During NSF NCAR-Supported Field Campaigns

Abstract Scientific field campaigns are critical components of atmospheric and related science research for data collection, comparison with models, and instrument testing. Additionally, such projects are unique opportunities to engage local communities and invite them into scientific spaces, inspire students to explore careers in the atmospheric sciences, and share science broadly. At the U.S. National Science Foundation National Center for Atmospheric Research (NSF NCAR), a successful partnership between the Earth Observing Laboratory’s Research Aviation Facility (EOL/RAF) and the Center of Excellence for Education, Engagement & Early-Career Development (EdEC), in collaboration with principal investigators from the university community, has led to impactful education and engagement activities during domestic and international field campaigns. In this article, we share examples of these education and engagement activities and highlight the importance of engaging and collaborating with local communities during field campaigns.

An Investigation of International Field Indexes in the Discipline of Management Information Systems: A Bibliometric Analysis

Management information systems (MIS) is a discipline that has increased in popularity in recent years by being preferred by a large number of researchers due to the innovations brought by digitalization and the diversity in its fields of study, and some of its dynamics have just started to emerge. The study is expected to contribute both to the literature and to the MIS discipline. In the study, a comprehensive research was conducted on the international field indexes determined by ÜAK for the MIS discipline, which is an important criterion in both associate professorship criteria and academic incentives, and the suitability of the existing indexes, esci and scopus, in the field of MIS was evaluated and it was aimed to determine alternative indexes with similar qualities. Expert opinion and bibliometric analysis methods were used to examine the similarities between the indexes. The categories in the scopus and esci indexes were determined by taking expert opinion and their suitability for MIS was determined and other indexes where the journals in the determined categories were scanned were determined. In total, 73 indexes were obtained. The relationships between the indexes were analyzed with visual mapping technique in VosViewer software. According to the results obtained from scenarios with different resolution values, esci and scopus have strong relationships with other international indexes such as engineering index and ietinspec. As a result, it was emphasized that the existing indexes should be expanded and alternative indexes were suggested for academics working in the field of MIS. It is predicted that this situation will contribute to the development of the MIS discipline by increasing academic productivity.

A review of machine learning techniques for bottomhole pressure monitoring in production wells

Artificial intelligence is rapidly gaining ground in the oil and gas industry, driven by the need to improve the efficiency of reservoir development and streamline production operations. One of the most promising applications of AI is the analysis of data collected by downhole monitoring systems – particularly those designed to measure bottomhole pressure. As more permanent downhole gauges are deployed across the industry, operators now have access to continuous, real-time insight into reservoir pressure behavior. The widespread use of permanent downhole pressure gauges enables continuous, real-time data collection on reservoir pressure dynamics. As part of a broader big data environment, these data sets require modern architectures for storage, processing and analysis. By applying machine learning algorithms – such as neural networks and regression models – engineers can uncover hidden patterns, predict reservoir parameters, perform transient pressure analysis without shutting down wells, and improve real-time decision making in field operations. This paper reviews the design principles of pressure monitoring systems and examines modern big data architectures, including lambda, kappa and unified frameworks. It also highlights practical applications of machine learning algorithms using both field data and synthetic datasets. The paper demonstrates the effectiveness of combining proxy modelling with machine learning to assess inter-well connectivity and predict production behavior. The discussion is based on real-world case studies from international and Kazakh oil fields, including the use of CRMP-based digital solutions and ensemble modelling approaches.

O FEDERALISMO INTERNACIONAL EM UM PERÍODO PÓS NACIONALISTA

International federalism is a theme that is related to the phenomenon of globalization and the process of internationalization and universalization through which law passes. The idea of a global constitutional order as a guideline for a globalized world has historical bases in the works of some authors and is directly linked to the establishment of a community constitutionalism in the international field, which has materialized through normative and jurisdictional structures of the world and regional scope. The thinking around a global constitutionalism gained strength after the two great wars that occurred in the twentieth century, with emphasis on the Second World War (19391945), a conflict that ended in its end gave rise to the United Nations (UN), which was created with the aim of protecting human life and its dignity, documents of the UN Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.The aim of the research was to ascertain whether power in international society is distributed in a federative system. The work was basically assumed to be the commonly disseminated idea about the increasing limitation or loss of the technical exercise of sovereignty, and, as a proposal, a reading that identifies – based on a qualitative, descriptive and bibliographic methodology – the formation of a system of international federalism.To this end, it was necessary to go analytically and critically through the bases of the modern national state – the idea of nation, constitutionalism and the very concept of state – from a rereading that had as vector of orientation the reflections that globalization projects in human relations at the level of identity, economy, geography, etc. Based on the premise of weakening the nationalism-state-sovereignty interrelationship, we read the position of nation states in global society in the light of the theory of federalism, through which it was possible to perceive that the characteristics commonly attributed to national federations can be identified, in some way, in the way they have structured and how the normative and institutional arrangements of the international system have worked. Based on a logic of distribution of power, on a cross-border scale, "post-national" federalism would not appear as a structure agreed and designed by international actors, but as a process of reorganization of global society, where various entities operate in a cooperative and autonomous manner, under the guidance of an ordering of values and norms that is shown, in some way, superior and common.

Enhancing Geomagnetic Navigation with PPO-LSTM: Robust Navigation Utilizing Observed Geomagnetic Field Data

Geospatial navigation in GPS-denied environments presents significant challenges, particularly for autonomous vehicles operating in complex, unmapped regions. We explore the Earth’s geomagnetic field, a globally distributed and naturally occurring resource, as a reliable alternative for navigation. Since vehicles can only observe the geomagnetic field along their traversed paths, they must rely on incomplete information to infer the navigation strategy; therefore, we formulate the navigation problem as a partially observed Markov decision process (POMDP). To address this POMDP, we employ proximal policy optimization with long short-term memory (PPO-LSTM), a deep reinforcement learning framework that captures temporal dependencies and mitigates the effects of noise. Using real-world geomagnetic data from the international geomagnetic reference field (IGRF) model, we validate our approach through experiments under noisy conditions. The results demonstrate that PPO-LSTM outperforms baseline algorithms, achieving smoother trajectories and higher heading accuracy. This framework effectively handles the uncertainty and partial observability inherent in geomagnetic navigation, enabling robust policies that adapt to complex gradients and offering a robust solution for geospatial navigation.

ESTÉTICA NEGRA <i>VERSUS</i> NARCISISMO CULTURAL

In this essay, we propose to explore the concept of Black aesthetics as an analytical category to reflect on the manifestations of white, racist, and sexist cultural narcissism. To this end, we draw on Cultural Studies, the decolonial perspective, and Black feminist theories to position Black aesthetics as a reference for what we term aesthetic disobedience. To illustrate its potency, we turn to the case of Elaine Thompson-Herah: a Jamaican athlete competing in international track and field, known as "the fastest woman in the world." Thus, we present the interconnection of issues related to identity, culture, and resistance, particularly in the context of Black women and their representation in society.

Maximal Intensity Periods During International Male Field Hockey.

In this retrospective cohort study, we examined maximal intensity periods (MIPs) for a broad range of movement characteristics during international field hockey. Further, we examined the intensity of near-peak periods, and whether peak demands for different movement characteristics occurred simultaneously. Player movement data from 28 Australian elite male field hockey players were obtained via wearable tracking devices in four international tournaments over 13months (n=393 player-matches). MIPs were identified via the rolling-sum method for mean speed, high-speed distance (>5m·s-1), accelerations (>2.5m·s2), decelerations (<-2.5m·s2) and high-speed cuts (45° change of direction and >5m·s-1) across eight epochs (range: 5s-5min). Random effects linear mixed models were used to estimate means for each movement characteristic, with random intercepts fitted for players and matches. Mean speed was ∼80% higher during the 1min MIP (210m·min-1) than the match average (116m·min-1) and players regularly reached high mean speeds (for instance, the 10th most intense minute was still ∼44% above match average). High-speed distance, accelerations and decelerations accumulated >5x faster during the 1min MIP for those variables than the match average and high-speed cuts occurred with ∼10x greater frequency. During the 1min MIP for total distance, all other movement characteristics were less than 40% of the 1min MIP for that variable (except high-speed distance: 76%). Match averages substantially underestimate the MIPs of elite field hockey. Practitioners should consider analysing the peak periods of matches, with a focus on high-intensity movements, to inform monitoring and prescription of team sport-specific training.

The Use of Interdisciplinary Approach in International Law Study in the Digital Era 5.0: Highlights and Future Research Directions

International law faces numerous complex and novel challenges in the context of globalization and rapid technological advancements. This paper analyses the importance and potential of applying an interdisciplinary approach in international law research in the Digital Era 5.0. The results show that this method can enhance in-depth research on the relationship between international law and related fields, effectively address emerging legal challenges, improve the practicality of legal proposals, promote international cooperation in research, and enhance the ability to resolve international conflicts and disputes. The paper also identifies future research trends, including the application of artificial intelligence, blockchain, and other emerging technologies in international law research. The paper emphasises the development and refinement of interdisciplinary research methods to effectively respond to international legal challenges in the Digital Era 5.0.

Intervention Fidelity in Mindfulness-Based Research and Practice: Overview of the Special Collection and State of the Field.

Mindfulness-Based Programs (MBPs) are increasingly being introduced into a range of mainstream contexts such as health care, education, criminal justice, workplace, community settings, and leadership. MBPs are available in some form in every continent, and in some countries have become established as part of standard care in publicly funded health care systems and routinely embedded into school curriculums. Efficacy and effectiveness research demonstrate gold standard evidence in some areas and significant promise in others, and cost-effectiveness evaluations are encouraging. However, understanding how to assess and ensure the fidelity of program delivery is at a germinal stage. Without clear, robust, and coordinated approaches to this issue within the international field, ongoing dissemination and implementation could be compromised by variable standards of teaching skill and adherence to program form. These issues are relevant in practice contexts where approaches to teacher training internationally need to adhere to commonly held principles, understandings, and standards. They are also relevant in research contexts where assessment of intervention fidelity needs to ensure that the variable of the teaching process and curriculum is addressed in the research design and conveyed to readers in the presentation of data. In this special collection, we bring together articles reporting on research and practice on MBP intervention fidelity in teacher training, implementation, and development of governance for the emerging mindfulness-based field. This paper introduces the special collection, summarizes the papers included, and offers an analysis of where we are now as a field and of what steps are needed to further our understanding on these issues. We hope to share current best practice and catalyse new understandings and directions of inquiry that will provide a compass to navigate forward and benefit this promising field.

Fatima-GB: Searching Clarity within Marine Fog

Abstract Fog constitutes a thick, opaque blanket of air hugging Earth’s surface, laden with small water droplets or ice crystals. Fog disrupts transportation, poses security threats, disorients human perception, and impacts communications and ecosystems. Collusion of atmospheric, terrestrial, and hydrologic processes produces fog droplets that pullulate over hygroscopic aerosols that act as condensation nuclei. Marine fog is particularly complex, since underlying dynamic, thermodynamic, and (bio)physicochemical processes span fifteen decades of spatial scales, from megameter-sized synoptic weather systems to nanometer-scale bioaerosols. This paper overviews the first international field campaign [Fog and Turbulence Interactions in the Marine Atmosphere-Grand Banks campaign (Fatima-GB)] of the project dubbed Fatima conducted during 1–31 July 2022 in the Grand Banks region of the North Atlantic. Therein, weather systems and commingling cold and warm oceanic waters provide entrée for fog genesis. Measurement platforms included an islet southwest of Nova Scotia (Sable Island), a research vessel (Atlantic Condor), an offshore oil platform, and autonomous surface vehicles. The instrument array comprised of extant remote and in situ sensors augmented by novel sensing systems prototyped and deployed in marine fog to penetrate the smallest scales of turbulence, examine aerosols, and quantify radiation budget. The comprehensive dataset so gathered, together with satellite and reanalysis products, mesoscale model, and large-eddy simulations, demonstrated that the long-held hypotheses of marine fog formation by warm air advection over colder water and in areas of enhanced (shelf) turbulence need to be revisited. The study also elicited new phenomena, for example, the fog shadow (clearings of fog downstream of islands).

Rethinking learner-centered teaching in early education: Lessons from a global practice perspective

This paper examines learner-centered pedagogy in early education from a global practice perspective, with particular focus on Uganda and other low- and middle-income contexts. Learner-centered teaching – grounded in constructivist theories of Piaget and Vygotsky – emphasizes active learning, collaboration, and student autonomy. Its relevance for early childhood lies in fostering problem-solving, creativity, and social-emotional skills from a young age. We synthesize international literature and field reports to map the current landscape of learner-centered approaches in early grades, noting examples from Africa, Asia, and Europe. In Uganda, the 2007 “thematic” curriculum reform explicitly aimed to deliver learner-centered instruction in local language but faced implementation barriers and yielded no clear learning gains. Common challenges across low-resource settings include large class sizes, inadequate materials, and weak teacher preparation. Innovative strategies – such as community-based preschool models in Kenya and policy supports for play-based learning – show promise in addressing these barriers. We conclude with policy implications for the United States, highlighting the need for robust teacher training, culturally responsive pedagogy, and equity-oriented early learning initiatives, supported by evidence from international research. Keywords: Learning centered Pedagogy, Early Childhood Education, Education Policy Reform, Global Comparative Education.

Bridging the global gap: Comparative insights on early childhood education models from Finland to sub-Saharan Africa

This comparative study explores the global disparities in early childhood education (ECE) by examining two contrasting contexts: Finland and Sub-Saharan Africa. While Finland is internationally recognized for its universal, play-based, and highly professionalized ECE system, many African nations face significant challenges in achieving both access and quality. Drawing on international literature and field observations, the paper illustrates how Finland’s “educare” model—characterized by pedagogically trained teachers, individualized learning plans, and strong welfare integration—produces equitable learning environments. In contrast, Sub-Saharan Africa’s ECE landscape is marked by low enrollment, limited government investment, untrained teaching staff, and infrastructure deficits. Yet, the region also demonstrates promising grassroots innovations, such as Kenya’s Kidogo social franchise model and community-run preschools that adapt education to local needs using limited resources. The manuscript argues that U.S. early education policy can draw lessons from both settings: adopting Finland’s systemic equity-oriented approach while embracing Africa’s context-driven, community-based strategies. Recommendations include improving teacher training and compensation, ensuring curriculum alignment with developmental goals, expanding universal access, and integrating health and family services with pre-primary programs. The study emphasizes that quality ECE is not only a moral and developmental imperative but also a strategic investment in national well-being. Ultimately, bridging global ECE gaps requires nuanced, culturally sensitive strategies that honor local contexts while advancing equity, inclusion, and child-centered pedagogy across all settings. Keywords: Early Childhood Development (Ecd), Co-Curricular Education, Inclusive Early Education, Educational Equity.

Autoethnographic Assessment of the Trajectory and Legacy of a Field School in The Gambia, West Africa: PEACE, Praxis, and People

ABSTRACTThis article examines the trajectory and legacy of an undergraduate field school in the smallest Anglophone country in West Africa, The Gambia. Over a period of twenty‐three years, an international summer anthropology course evolved from a study tour, to a field school, to a year‐round international exchange program that involved hundreds of students, faculty and staff from institutions in the United States, The Gambia, and for several years, even Thailand. In 2016 the College administration decided to close what had come to be known as the PEACE (Promoting Educational and Cultural Exchange) program in The Gambia, West Africa. The article provides an example of the advantages anthropologists have in the design and delivery of international field schools and programs. This case study illustrates that international programs generate both intended and unintended results or impacts at the individual, community, and institutional levels. The collaborative approach used in The Gambia generated mutual benefits among participants and institutional stakeholders, but the relatively abrupt program closure created significant challenges for host country program staff. Today, the legacy of the PEACE program can be seen in the actions of previous participants and the spirit of their own projects or programs in The Gambia.

A Review of Missing Data Reporting Practices in the Field of Internationalization of Higher Education

Missing data are inevitable in quantitative research, yet the issue of missing data does not always receive adequate attention. Unless researchers report missing data, research consumers are left to assume default software protocols handled missing data—protocols that are frequently inappropriate, risk compromising a study's conclusions, and needlessly discard data shared by participants. This study reviews missing data reporting practices within the internationalization of higher education literature to determine how often researchers address missing data due to survey item nonresponse and which methods they used. Among the 35 sampled studies from the literature, only 37% explicitly addressed missing data and only 3% used a modern method endorsed by missing data researchers, signally the need to improve missing data reporting practices. To that end, this study concludes with a discussion on guidelines for reporting missing data, how missing data can be used to researchers’ advantage, and areas for future research.

Research on the Attitude Tendency of Western Media Reports on China's AI Technology DeepSeek: Based on Critical Discourse Analysis

This paper takes a report on the Chinese AI technology company DeepSeek in The Economist as the research object, and uses the critical discourse analysis theory to analyze the text from the levels of vocabulary, syntax, and semantics, aiming to reveal the attitude tendency of the report towards DeepSeek. The study finds that the attitude tendency of this report is complex. It not only af-firms the positive impact brought by DeepSeek's technological achievements but also implies concerns and doubts through specific discourse strategies. This re-search helps to deeply understand the discourse patterns of Western media in science and technology reports and provides a reference for the communication of Chinese AI technology in the international public opinion field.

Accounting for healthcare capitalism: the OECD numbers and the international field of health system reform (1972–2001)

Accounting for healthcare capitalism: the OECD numbers and the international field of health system reform (1972–2001)

Performance Analysis of Machine Learning Techniques for Predicting Sea Level Rise

Climate science is a study of the earth's climate system, it was originated in the year nineteenth century, the purpose of climate science is to understand the weather patterns, ocean currents and the change climatic shifts. The field of climate changes it involves the contributions from a diverse range of professionals, including scientists, historians and sociologists. the efforts of the human to understand the natural forces which control the climate. In the recent research it was highlighted the impact of human activities like emission of gases etc. The ocean’s surface is increased by the influence of melting glaciers and ice sheets, thermal expansion of sea water which in results are changing the global temperature and increasing in sea level which will be an increase in flood and erosion and mixture of salt water into fresh water resources. It is a multidisciplinary, highly international field in identifying the causes and potentially catastrophic consequences. by the early of nineties, the focus on anthropogenic climate change began to grow. Machine learning has been broadly adopted as the major tool for technological process. The ML, tools can be applied also for various climate change for monitoring natural forces. with the help of ML, we can identify the exact accuracy of any natural forces effecting earth's climate. It has an effective in climate model outputs and can have better quality in climate projections. The purpose of ML in climate change is to improve the understanding the climate change, prediction of climate through advance data driven techniques. By using ML into climate science, it helps to improve the accuracy and efficiency of climate models by detecting the climate changes and help in societal resilience. ML helps in reducing the uncertainties and helps to enhance the resolution of climate models. The outcomes of this paper state the climate change and attempts to describe the issues like Environmental, social, and economic viability. The impacts of climate change must be of the utmost importance, and hence, this global threat requires global commitment to address its dreadful implications to ensure global sustenance.

Improvement of failure time prediction of rainfall-induced landslides while reducing the fluctuation by the relationship between velocity and acceleration

BackgroundMeasurement of surface displacement (SD) plays a major role in predicting the failure time of landslides triggered by rainfall and is the basis for predicting the failure time of a slope Fukuzono (In proc. IVth International Conference and Field Workshops on Landslides, Tokyo, 1985). To study this concept, small-scale indoor slope models of sandy materials were tested under simulated rainfall with constant discharge to observe the behaviour of SD. Five cases of experiments were conducted by changing the conditions of the model, such as rainfall intensity, slope inclination and void ratio. Then, the relationship between the velocity and acceleration of the SD was examined for each case. Accordingly, failure time was predicted using two different methods and considering the behaviour of the slope just before failure. The first method was the original Fukuzon’s inverse-velocity (INV) method, which uses the inverse number of velocities and the increment of velocities at two different times. The second method was a new approach based on the velocity and acceleration (VAA) method and was carried out using the logarithmic acceleration and logarithmic velocity values for linear regression analysis.ResultsThe linear relationship between velocity and acceleration on a logarithmic scale could be established under different stress conditions. The relationship between velocity and acceleration was identical under different stress conditions within the small range of experimental conditions and variations in the small-scale indoor model slope. However, in the relationship obtained from the natural slope experiment, Futtsu revealed that the relationship varied slightly from the indoor small-scale model slope’s results. The analysis results showed that the VAA method could acquire a more accurate failure time than the INV method.ConclusionsThe linear relationship between the velocity and acceleration of the SD shows that an early warning system for rainfall-induced landslides can be well established based on the relationship between the velocity and the acceleration of SD. The most accurate failure time prediction by the VAA method was due to reducing the scattering of the velocity values generated by the noise of the measured SD data using the least-squares method. In contrast, the individual velocity values greatly affected the INV method.

Looking on the bright side! The role of socio-environmental incidents in positively shaping international businesses and industries

PurposeThe number of socio-ecological incidents involving multinational enterprises (MNEs) is increasing. While there is growing research attention on the role of MNEs in being corporately responsible actors, less is known about how the aftermath of negative socio-ecological incidents can help shape (more) sustainable futures for such businesses and the industries that they exist within. This study aims to address the positive strategic implications for MNEs in the aftermath of well-known social and environmental incidents.Design/methodology/approachUsing institutional theory and drawing from three real-life case vignettes, the paper elaborates on the types and role of institutions for (re)gaining legitimacy in MNEs and industries implicated in socio-ecological incidents through the development of a conceptual model that elaborates on common features of institutional change.FindingsA new type of institutional pressure, social isomorphism, is revealed, which both strengthens and helps explain the more formalised coercive and normative institutional pressures as positive forces for change in the MNEs and industries implicated in negative socio-ecological incidents such as those described.Practical implicationsThe paper offers clear strategic advice for managers in MNEs implicated in negative socio-ecological incidents.Originality/valueThe paper puts forward a conceptual model that presents some common features of institutional change (types, pathways and relationships) for the international business context in the aftermath of negative socio-ecological incidents. Its theoretical contribution regards putting forward the concept of social isomorphism for neo-institutional theory in international fields.

Exploring South Korean Foreign Direct Investment Motives and State‐Level Location Decisions: US Evidence 1995–2008

ABSTRACTThis study uses a novel application of panel fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) in the international management field. utilizing a unique database capturing reasons for foreign direct investment (FDI), and state‐level location, we explain location decisions of high‐technology South Korean (henceforth Korean) multinational enterprises (MNEs), when first entering the United States of America (henceforth US), from 1995 until the 2008 financial crisis. Various home country conditions, combined with a desire for technological upgrading, encouraged firms to seek locational advantages. Additionally, rather than assuming FDI to be driven by a single purpose over time, the addition of regional characteristics allows a typology of reasons for Korean FDI to be developed. We show evolving Korean FDI trends in the US with home country and regional perspectives interacting to attract FDI into US states with different characteristics, arguing this is consistent with US policy seeking to attract inward investment to foster economic development.