The rapid evolution from Technology Industry 4.0 to Technology Industry 5.0 marks a transformative shift toward human-centric technological integration, prioritizing a sophisticated collaboration between Artificial Intelligence and human expertise. In the critical domain of public safety, this transition is essential for addressing the multifaceted complexities of cross-border commercial crimes. This study using the Grounded in the Extended Technology Acceptance Model and New Public Management principles. This research explores the perception and acceptance of Technology Industry 5.0 commercialization services among police officers at the Northeast District Police Headquarters in Penang, Malaysia, and Danok, Thailand. Utilizing a qualitative phenomenological approach, the study investigates how 5G and nascent 6G technologies facilitate the prevention of commercial crimes through "Digital Era Governance." A core contribution of this research is the development of a Virtual Decision-Simulation Model designed to predict commercial non-compliance by mimicking managerial thought patterns. Furthermore, the study formulates a Smart Networking and Data Protection Framework to ensure secure international data exchange in high-bandwidth environments. Initial findings highlight that perceived usefulness and ease of use, mediated by cognitive and affective trust in smart networking systems, significantly influence the adoption of these advanced frameworks. This research provides a strategic roadmap for public administration, yielding a validated Technology Industry 5.0 Acceptance Model. Key outputs include a policy-ready framework for secure data management and a prototype for AI-based decision simulation. Ultimately, this study enhances integrity and accountability in public administration by bridging the gap between cutting-edge technological innovation and robust regulatory governance, ensuring the sustainability of corporate transparency in the digital era.

This article provides a comprehensive overview of current data on the spread, genetic evolution, diagnosis, and pathogenesis of swine influenza virus on modern commercial pig farms worldwide. Based on systematized information from more than 170 scientific sources, the global epizootic situation, key risk factors for the emergence of new viral variants, and the role of pigs as a “mixing vessel” for interspecies reassortment of influenza viruses are characterized. It is demonstrated that the circulation of subtypes H1N1, H1N2, H3N2 and rarer variants (H6N6, H10N8, influenza D virus) remains active in China, Vietnam, Mexico, Europe, and North America, creating an elevated risk of interspecies transmission and the formation of new pandemic-capable strains. Special attention is given to the genomic diversity of the virus, reassortment processes, and mutations that determine viral virulence and adaptability. Genetic variability is shown to be closely linked with intensive interactions among pigs, humans, and other animal species, which promotes the emergence of evolutionarily novel strains. The article examines modern diagnostic methods – RT-PCR, ELISA, virological techniques, and innovative aptamer-based assays – as essential tools for early detection of infection and epizootic surveillance. Diagnostic limitations and the need for integrated testing approaches are also discussed. The section on pathogenesis summarizes current knowledge regarding viral interactions with epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, the roles of cellular and humoral immunity, the development of oxidative stress, and the formation of inflammatory responses. The significance of reassortment processes in the emergence of more pathogenic genotypes is analyzed, as well as the influence of ecological and technological factors on infection dynamics. The findings underscore the necessity of a multi-level approach to controlling swine influenza, including enhanced biosecurity, continuous epizootic monitoring, regular vaccine updates, and international exchange of genetic data. A comprehensive strategy is highlighted as critical for reducing risks to the swine industry and preventing the emergence of strains with pandemic potential.

The article examines the development of professional competencies required for specialists in international logistics under the conditions of rapid digitalization and the implementation of seamless end-to-end technologies in global supply chain management. The relevance of the research is determined by the increasing technological complexity of logistics systems and the corresponding demand for modernized skill sets. The methodological framework includes structural-functional, comparative and content analysis of academic literature, regulatory documents, and educational models. As a result, key groups of competencies—digital, AI-related, end-to-end, intercultural, and communicative—were identified. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of international data exchange standards, which provide the technological foundation for seamless logistics. A comparative analysis of Russian and international educational models was conducted, and recommendations for updating logistics training programs are proposed.

The increasing digitalization of global trade and finance has profoundly transformed cross-border taxation systems, introducing new efficiencies but also escalating cybersecurity vulnerabilities. As tax authorities and multinational corporations adopt digital reporting, blockchain-enabled auditing, and AI-based compliance tools, the risk of data breaches, ransomware attacks, and identity theft has multiplied. This paper examines the impact of cybersecurity threats on cross-border taxation, focusing on how cyber incidents undermine fiscal transparency, disrupt revenue collection, and erode taxpayer trust. It explores the interplay between international data exchange mechanisms—such as the OECD’s Common Reporting Standard (CRS)—and the evolving landscape of cyber risks that accompany these digital tax frameworks. The study also highlights how inconsistent cybersecurity standards among jurisdictions create systemic weaknesses that can be exploited by cybercriminals to manipulate tax information or evade compliance. Furthermore, it discusses the emerging role of regulatory cooperation, digital sovereignty, and data protection frameworks like GDPR in safeguarding tax ecosystems. By integrating insights from cyber risk management, digital governance, and international tax law, this research emphasizes the necessity of a unified global cybersecurity approach to ensure tax integrity and equitable revenue administration in an increasingly digital economy. The findings contribute to policy discussions on how technological resilience and secure digital infrastructures can reinforce trust and accountability in cross-border taxation systems.

The rapid digitization of global payment systems has created unprecedented opportunities for cross-border financial transactions while simultaneously introducing complex governance challenges related to data security, regulatory compliance, and interoperability. This research presents a comprehensive collaborative governance framework designed to address the multifaceted challenges of secure cross-border payment data sharing in the contemporary digital financial ecosystem. Through systematic analysis of existing regulatory frameworks, technological architectures, and governance models, this study develops an integrated approach that balances security requirements with operational efficiency and regulatory compliance across multiple jurisdictions. The proposed framework incorporates advanced cryptographic protocols, blockchain-based verification systems, and artificial intelligence-driven compliance monitoring to create a robust ecosystem for international payment data exchange. Key components include decentralized identity verification mechanisms, privacy-preserving data analytics, and adaptive regulatory compliance protocols that can dynamically adjust to varying jurisdictional requirements. The framework addresses critical challenges including data sovereignty concerns, cross-border regulatory harmonization, and the need for real-time fraud detection while maintaining transaction privacy and security. Implementation considerations encompass technical infrastructure requirements, stakeholder engagement protocols, and phased deployment strategies that minimize disruption to existing payment systems while maximizing security benefits. The research evaluates the framework's effectiveness through comprehensive risk assessment models and performance metrics that demonstrate significant improvements in transaction security, compliance efficiency, and cross-border payment processing speed. The findings reveal that collaborative governance approaches can successfully address the inherent tensions between security, privacy, and operational efficiency in cross-border payment systems. The proposed framework offers scalable solutions for financial institutions, regulatory bodies, and technology providers seeking to enhance the security and efficiency of international payment data sharing while maintaining compliance with evolving global regulatory standards.

The protection of intellectual property (IP) rights has significantly evolved since the Paris and Berne Conventions. With globalization, digital advancements, and international trade, IP law now tackles complex issues such as piracy, counterfeiting, technology transfer, and access to innovation. This study examines the main international treaties, enforcement procedures, emerging challenges, and proposed solutions, focusing particularly on regional frameworks, WIPO's initiatives, and the TRIPS Agreement. Special emphasis is placed on harmonizing IP protection across jurisdictions, enhancing accessibility, and resolving cross-border legal conflicts. International legal frameworks aim to align national IP laws with global standards, facilitating rights holders’ ability to protect and enforce their rights universally. Through international cooperation, technical assistance, and data exchange, states are better equipped to address IP infringements. The study adopts a descriptive approach to illustrate the protections afforded by international agreements, and an analytical method to assess their practical effectiveness. It incorporates case studies and statistical data to provide a comprehensive evaluation of how international legal instruments influence IP enforcement and cooperation. Importantly, this research highlights that although international legal frameworks have substantially advanced IP protection, they are increasingly challenged by the rapid pace of technological change—particularly with the rise of artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies. These innovations not only introduce new forms of creativity and infringement but also offer novel tools for registration, authentication, monitoring, and enforcement. Therefore, the study concludes that the future of IP protection lies in the adaptive integration of technological solutions within legal systems. Leveraging artificial intelligence to detect violations, and using blockchain to secure and verify ownership, presents a pathway toward more effective, transparent, and inclusive IP governance on a global scale.

The purpose of this study is to examine the development of the tax administration system, identify current challenges and substantiate ways to improve it, taking into account international experience and modern digital technologies. Research methods: the article uses the following general scientific methods of research: observation and description and theoretical methods: analysis, generalisation, explanation, as well as systemic, functional, specific sociological. The research is based on the study of the regulatory framework of Ukraine and the European Union, recommendations of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), analysis of court practice in the field of tax disputes, as well as statistical materials on the efficiency of tax administration. The study applies general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, a comparative legal approach to the analysis of tax systems of foreign countries, system analysis and the method of legal modelling. The results obtained show that over the past ten years, the tax administration system has undergone significant changes caused by the introduction of digital technologies and automation of control procedures. In particular, many countries have introduced automated platforms for tax risk assessment, which has significantly reduced tax evasion. Ukraine has also implemented a number of reforms aimed at simplifying tax procedures, developing electronic services and ensuring transparency of tax authorities. At the same time, challenges remain, including insufficient integration of tax databases, limited international exchange of tax data and the complexity of tax administration for small and medium-sized businesses. The results obtained can be used as a basis for developing innovative approaches to reforming tax administration and improving the efficiency of tax policy in Ukraine. Discussion: tax administration plays a leading role in ensuring the stable functioning of the modern tax system, as it is aimed at efficient management of tax revenues and strengthening the fiscal sustainability of the state. In the context of globalisation, digital transformation of the economy and growing tax competition between countries, there is a need to improve tax administration mechanisms. At the same time, tax authorities face challenges such as tax evasion, the expansion of the shadow sector and the need to harmonise tax legislation in line with international standards.

The exchange of data across borders has become crucial for international commerce and technological progress. However, major differences in privacy principles and regulatory systems among China, the United States, and Europe have led to fragmented global data governance. This paper examines whether such institutional differences hinder the global economy. Through analysis of cases including Meta, TikTok, Microsoft, and Apple-Google, the study finds that these differences create data barriers, raise compliance costs, and limit cross-border collaboration. To address this, the paper proposes a multi-level coordination frameworkinternational, regional, and nationalto achieve equilibrium in data autonomy and international data exchange.

Introduction: the article analyzes the term "technological leadership" as one of the national goals of the Russian Federation, designated by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated 05/07/2024 No. 309 «On the national Development Goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 and for the future up to 2036». Purpose: based on the generalization of scientific views on the legal category of "technological leadership" to identify its essence and identify the prospects for its legal regulation, realizing the predictive function of the theory of state and law and the foundations of legal futurology. Methods: descriptive, comparative-legal; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic. Private scientific methods were used: system analysis and the method of content analysis and interpretation of legal norms. Results: a critical understanding of the essence of the term "technological leadership" made it possible to identify its legal features and determine its true meaning. The author considers the definition of "technological leadership" to be the most relevant from the point of view of the concept of social constructivism as technological development. In addition, according to the author, building a hierarchy of regulatory legal acts on technological leadership is very difficult, because technological progress affects all relations in society and, consequently, its regulation is difficult to limit to several legal acts. That is why the author concludes that the ambiguity of the perception of technological development and the lack of uniform rules for the use of its achievements form an objective request for a common regulatory framework at both the national and international levels. Conclusions: based on the concept of convergence of private and public law, the author proposes to form a legal framework (norms-principles) of technological leadership in the Russian legal field, or rather technological development, primarily due to the uncertainty of the subject of legal regulation. It is possible to recommend as principles of technology policy formation: human-centricity of technologies; definition of ethical standards for artificial intelligence; international exchange of open data; creation of a common framework for technology control, consideration of threats and risks, etc.

The article presents the results of research a study of the critical role of artificial intelligence (hereinafter referred to as AI) and international cooperation in strengthening the capabilities of the National Police of Ukraine in combating such a complex transnational crime as human trafficking. This crime not only constitutes a gross violation of national legislation, but also encroaches n fundamental human rights and freedoms enshrined in international law, such as the right to life, liberty, and security of person. Using the methods of analysis, synthesis, systematic approach, forecasting and conceptual analysis, the paper comprehensively examines how the integration of advanced AI technologies – in particular, Big Data analytics, pattern and natural language recognition, and predictive analytics – can transform traditional approaches to crime detection, investigation and prevention, enabling a more proactive and targeted fight against organized criminal groups. Particular attention is paid to the potential of AI to optimize international exchange of experience and intelligence. The author analyzes the capabilities of AI in detecting suspicious patterns, in predictive analytics, in identifying victims, and in automating routine tasks. The author considers the prospects of creating unified international data exchange platforms that, thanks to AI, will be able to automatically process and translate information, revealing hidden transnational connections. The paper emphasizes the importance of creating joint think tanks where AI will act as a powerful «intellectual assistant», significantly speeding up complex investigations and facilitating faster response to human rights violations. The paper also identifies key challenges to the implementation of these innovative approaches, including ethical dilemmas, data privacy issues, the need for appropriate technical infrastructure and skilled personnel, and investments in appropriate staff training. The article emphasizes that the systematic implementation of AI in cooperation with international partners is key to progress in the fight against human trafficking. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the need for and ways to further improve the mechanisms for combating human trafficking through the synergy of artificial intelligence.

Problem setting. Tax authorities face a number of significant challenges in the area of tax control of e-commerce. One of the key challenges is determining the jurisdiction for taxation, as a significant number of electronic platforms operate in several countries simultaneously, making it difficult to determine the country in which taxes are due. An additional challenge is the tracking of financial transactions, which are increasingly conducted using cryptocurrencies, digital platforms or mechanisms that ensure data confidentiality. Analyses of recent researches and publications. The study of certain aspects of e-commerce taxation in Ukraine and the EU has been carried out by such domestic scholars as: I. Balabanov, A. Bereza, N. Boreiko, L. Goncharenko, O. Dmytryk, K. Yefremova, A. Koren, M. Krutko, T. Tatarova, L. Tovkun, K. Solodan and others. However, the problems of tax control in the e-commerce market faced by the authorised tax authorities have remained almost unaddressed by scholars. Purpose of research is to study the legal framework and tax control measures, to analyse the main challenges related to taxation of e-commerce of domestic companies in Ukraine and the EU, and to identify the ways to harmonise Ukrainian tax legislation with the norms of European. Article’s main body. The article examines the peculiarities of tax control in the field of e-commerce in Ukraine and the EU, focusing on the challenges and the need to implement European practices. The author analyses the impact of digital transformation on tax administration, in particular in the context of cross-border transactions, which complicate the determination of jurisdiction for taxation. Modern approaches to the taxation of electronic services and transactions, including the implementation of OSS and IOSS systems in the EU, are highlighted. The study examines challenges Ukrainian companies operating under European jurisdiction face, particularly regarding VAT applications. Special attention is paid to the legal aspects of registration and reporting of non-resident companies providing electronic services in Ukraine. The article suggests ways to harmonise Ukrainian tax legislation with European norms, in particular through the introduction of tax control automation and data exchange between countries. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The author defines a set of tax control measures carried out by tax authorities with a view to ensuring correctness of calculations, timely receipt and completeness of payment of taxes as a result of digital trade, in particular: registration of business entities as taxpayers; introduction of special mechanisms for taxation of digital services (the principle of digital presence), monitoring of payment transactions; establishment of requirements for disclosure of information by electronic platforms at the legislative level; automation of tax control; international data exchange. The author concludes that there are insufficient standards for monitoring digital transactions at the international level.

The data protection complexities between Pakistan and other nations are investigated in this study. Given that Pakistan’s technological marketplace is rapidly increasing, it becomes imperative for Pakistanis to understand the subtleties of data protection laws across jurisdictional borders. A thorough analysis is made of Pakistani legislation structures, focusing on the proposal of Data Protection Legislation and its relevance to international regulations namely European Union Regulations & Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation. The legislative deficiencies identified are significant & relate to protocols of transnational information exchange, safeguards in place for individuals, & measures of regulatory execution. These regulatory gaps create commercial ambiguities & prevent international data exchange operations. There is a need for establishment of information protection legislation & clarification of trans-border exchange is echoed in administrative suggestions. Pakistan could set up invincible informational security steps, which fortify business confidence, fortify fiscal development, and guard individual privileges in the current technological foundation, over systematic settlement of these administrative obstacles.

The use of financial information in investigations plays the key role in crime combating. Efficient application of data on financial transactions facilitates identification and prevention of activities of transnational and organized criminal networks. However, limited opportunities of law enforcement authorities and the absence of access to centralized bank account registers can hinder such investigations. Enhancement of international cooperation and information exchange between law enforcement authorities and financial intelligence units (FIUs) can substantially increase the efficiency of investigations. Such cooperation includes training and professional development of employees (it is critically important to teach them contemporary financial data analysis methods and how to use cutting-edge technologies), development of new technologies. Innovative instruments of analysis of financial information are required for timely and accurate identification of criminal acts. Creation of flexible mechanisms of access to information requires development of international data exchange systems, which will enable law enforcement authorities to receive information on bank accounts without delay.

Abstract Biological invasions have substantial and rising social‐ecological impacts threatening human livelihoods and communities and hampering progress towards a just and equitable world. Currently, biological invasions are not adequately recognised and included in the UN Agenda 2030. Using a literature review conducted in Web of Science, we highlight the bias in available literature of biological invasions related to the UN Agenda 2030 and its Sustainable Development Goals. We find abundant scientific literature towards environmental and biodiversity related sustainability targets while other especially provisioning targets are less well represented. Subsequently, we discuss the risks of neglecting biological invasions within sustainable development and how invasive alien species can have changing and adverse effects through time counteracting the intended benefits at the time of introduction. Finally, we provide key recommendations for action at the international scale to ensure that biological invasions are adequately considered in sustainable development. Those recommendations include (1) acknowledgement of biological invasions as a key threat to sustainable development, (2) a call for stronger multilateral exchange under the umbrella of an adequately financed coordinating body and (3) appropriate implementation and resource provisioning for international monitoring, data infrastructure, data exchange and use of adequate indicators of biological invasions to streamline decision making based on a solid evidence base. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

SummaryObjectives: To summarize the recent literature and research and present a selection of the best papers published online and in print in 2023 related to health information exchange (HIE).Methods: Using Covidence as a screening and analysis tool, a systematic review of the literature was independently conducted by the two section editors. Seven studies emerged as suitable for final IMIA Yearbook consideration.Results: Among the papers reviewed, three major themes emerged: clinical services utilization, continuity of care, and public and population health. These themes represent an increased breadth and depth of HIE application.Conclusions: Review of the literature suggested more studies with the use of data from HIEs, perhaps suggesting increased trust in data accuracy, adequacy, and completeness. The section editors noted the increase in papers from diverse countries describing applications of HIEs suggesting more widespread implementation of HIEs worldwide. As health data standards are developed and adopted globally, this could set the stage for increased international health data exchange. The larger corpus of 2023 literature reviewed resulted in conversations by the section editors on the changing landscape of the expanding, maturing, and innovative use cases for HIEs and HIE data. This landscape bears continued watching in 2024.

This article is dedicated to analysing the necessity of implementing international legal acts into Ukraine’s national legislation in the field of combating the trafficking of transplantation organs and other human anatomical materials, with the aim of harmonizing regulatory norms and standards in accordance with the acquis Communautaire of the European Union. The author focuses on three main legal documents whose implementation is urgently required in the context of adapting the Ukrainian legal system to European standards in the field of transplantation. Firstly, the article examines the Council of Europe Convention against Trafficking in Human Organs, which stipulates the introduction of criminal liability for the implantation of organs outside the official transplantation system or in violation of the basic principles of national legislation. It also emphasizes the need to strengthen the protection of victims of such illegal activities, as outlined in Articles 19-20 of the Convention. Secondly, the necessity of implementing Directive 2010/53/EU on standards of quality and safety of human organs intended for transplantation is highlighted. This directive regulates requirements for donor and organ testing, identification and traceability systems, preservation, packaging, and transportation procedures of transplants, as well as the organizational structure and qualifications of personnel in the field of transplantation. The third aspect concerns Directive 2012/25/EU, which governs the procedures for monitoring, reporting, and recording serious adverse reactions and incidents in transplantation to ensure the prompt exchange of information between EU member states and the adoption of appropriate measures. The author thoroughly analyses the mechanisms for implementing the acts, including the need for amendments to national legislation, the development of subordinate regulations, educational standards, and the establishment of international cooperation and data exchange. It is emphasized that harmonization with European standards in the field of transplantation is a key factor in ensuring high levels of quality and safety in transplantation procedures, combating illegal organ trafficking, and integrating Ukraine into the unified European legal space.

In the digital age, data transmission has become a key component of globalization and international cooperation. However, it faces several challenges in protecting the privacy and security of data, such as the risk of information disclosure on third-party platforms. Moreover, there are few solutions for personal data protection in cross-border transmission scenarios due to the difficulty of handling sensitive information between different countries and regions. In this paper, we propose an approach, personal data protection based on homomorphic encryption (PDPHE), to creatively apply the privacy computing technology homomorphic encryption (HE) to cross-border personal data protection. Specifically, PDPHE reconstructs the classical full homomorphic encryption (FHE) algorithm, DGHV, by adding support for multi-bit encryption and security level classification to ensure consistency with current data protection regulations. Then, PDPHE applies the reconstructed algorithm to the novel cross-border data protection scenario. To evaluate PDPHE in actual cross-border data transfer scenarios, we construct a prototype model based on PDPHE and manually construct a data corpus called PDPBench. Our evaluation results on PDPBench demonstrate that PDPHE cannot only effectively solve privacy protection issues in cross-border data transmission but also promote international data exchange and cooperation, bringing significant improvements for personal data protection during cross-border data sharing.

Ready-to-eat (RTE) and ready-to-heat (RTH) dishes are food items that help save time, physical energy, and mental effort in all food-related activities. Convenience of use, variability of supply, and adaptability to different consumption occasions have led to an increase of acceptance among consumers through the years. Specialized databases can help in this context, where food composition databases can provide information and data to create sustainable nutritional models by reducing the now growing number of chronic diseases. This paper aims at developing a database of LanguaLTM and FoodEx2 codes of 50 food preparations and ready-to-eat dishes designed for consumption outside the home. LanguaLTM, as well as FoodEx2, are classification and description systems for indexing, in the sense of a systematic description, of foods based on a hierarchical model (parent-child relationship), thus facilitating the international exchange of data on food composition, consumption, assessing chronic and/or acute exposure to a certain agent, and not least the assessment of nutrient intake. The database, here presented, consists of the codes of fifty ready-to-eat products present on the market in Italy, obtained by using the two mostly commonly used and widely recognized coding systems: LanguaLTM and FoodEx2. This database represents a tool and a guideline for other compilers and users to apply coding systems to ready-to-eat products. Moreover, it can be represented a resource for several applications, such as nutritional cards, nutritional facts, food labels, or booklet and brochures for promotion of food products, to be used at health and food nutrition interface, useful for consumers, dieticians, and food producers.

Background. Chlorophyll-α concentration is a key environmental parameter used to calculate the primary production of a water body, which, in turn, determines phytoplankton biomass. The fields with increased chlorophyll concentration can develop under the influence of various hydrometeorological factors considered in this work, such as air and water temperatures, cloud amount, wind-driven water mixing, and precipitation affecting the surface water layer. Relevance. Monitoring of chlorophyll distribution as it is influenced by hydrometeorological factors facilitates the rational fisheries management on account of their relation to the phytoplankton biomass providing fish and zooplankton with a food source. The aim of this work is to analyze the inter-annual variability of the average monthly hydrometeorological factors and their influence on the chlorophyll-α concentration in the Azov Sea (excluding Taganrog Bay) for the time range from 2006 to 2022. Methods. Spatial and temporal analysis of the average monthly water temperatures and chlorophyll-α concentrations has been conducted based on the daily satellite images of the sea surface taken by MODIS spectroradiometer in the Azov Sea; the analysis of the meteorological characteristics has been carried out using the weather observation data from international data exchange and reports (SYNOP, METAR) posted on the website pogodaiklimat.ru for the time range from April 2006 to September 2022. Results. It is shown that, for the entire investigated time range (2006–2022), the trends of the inter-annual variability of the average monthly air and water temperatures were not significant. An increase in water temperature that started in the middle of 1990s changed for the opposite in 2011, i. e. turned into a decrease. The wind velocity above the Azov Sea (excluding Taganrog Bay) over the investigated time range gradually decreased, which fell in line with the decrease in the chlorophyll-α concentrations. The average monthly cloud amount in the area has shown a weak inter- annual and considerable seasonal variability with relatively low values in the summer season and high values in the winter season. A positive trend of the monthly amount of atmospheric precipitation was observed, in contrast with the negative trend of the chlorophyll-α concentration. Conclusion. A significant positive correlation of the average monthly chlorophyll-α values with water and air temperatures has been identified, as well as a negative one with the wind velocity and cloud amount over the Azov Sea (excluding Taganrog Bay) — both in the individual investigated areas and in the sea as a whole.

The aim of the article is to highlight possible ways to improve the activities of transport and forwarding enterprises in the context of the development of information technology. In the course of the study, it was found that in the scientific sphere there is an active coverage of the introduction of information and innovative technologies in the field of transport and forwarding activities and it is emphasized that the dynamic and rapidly changing environment requires additional and constant updating in accordance with the latest trends. It is determined that the basis for the development of transport and forwarding activities is the growth of international trade and the expansion of the e-commerce industry around the world. The structure of export-import operations of Ukraine for 2023 is presented and it is noted that, in accordance with the current legislation of Ukraine, forwarding services are provided to the client for export, import, transit, as well as for domestic transportation through the territory of Ukraine. The services that can be provided by transport and forwarding enterprises are directly allocated, and the specifics of their activities are described. International organizations (UNCTАD, FIATA) are presented, which were among the first in the market to focus on the importance of introducing information technology in order to create a single international data exchange system for all participants in the transport and logistics market. The advantages of creating a single information space and digitalization of business processes of transport and forwarding enterprises are indicated. The latest trends in the international freight transportation market, which have simplified the procedures for issuing transport and accompanying documents due to their digitalization, are highlighted. The directions of use of blockchain technologies in the field of management of transport and forwarding enterprises are considered. It is determined that today not all enterprises are ready for the introduction of modern information technologies, which is caused by the outdated management culture, technological barriers, etc.