Both energy transition and external financial support are vital in stimulating global biodiversity conservation.

The 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam constitutes a political event of strategic significance, defining the national development vision for 2030 and 2045 within a volatile international landscape. Grounded in nearly 40 years of Doi Moi (Renewal), the Congress reaffirms the Party's central role in formulating long-term development strategies, prioritizing rapid and sustainable growth, strategic autonomy, and the reinforcement of national internal strength. Significantly, foreign affairs and international integration are designated as "crucial and regular" tasks, equivalent in stature to national defense and security. Vietnam steadfastly maintains a foreign policy of independence, self-reliance, multilateralization, and diversification, asserting its role as a reliable partner and a responsible member of the international community.

Abstract: Gender equality is a cornerstone of democratic governance and sustainable development. Yet, despite constitutional guarantees and international commitments, gender-based violence continues to undermine the dignity, safety, and autonomy of millions of individuals worldwide. The recognition of Gender-Based Violence (GBV) as a public law and human rights issue represents a significant transformation in legal and political discourse. What was once dismissed as a private matter—particularly domestic violence—has now become a central concern of international law, constitutional governance, and criminal justice systems. The international community has increasingly recognized GBV as not merely a social problem but a violation of fundamental human rights. Over the past few decades, legal reforms across jurisdictions have attempted to criminalize gendered violence, expand definitions of abuse, strengthen victim protection, and improve access to justice. However, the persistence of GBV indicates that reform only in legal aspects alone is not enough to resort this serious concern, because the reform will not yield results unless it is implemented properly. Along with this, it is hardly possible to start a fight against this kind of violence until we rise above the patriarchal thinking in the society and move towards social transformation.

The conflict in Gaza is one of the greatest geopolitical and humanitarian problems of the 21st century. This essay traces the conflict from the impact of the 1948 war and the 1967 occupation to the 2007 blockade and the escalation of violence that began on October 7, 2023. It reviews relevant documents, highlighting the structural flaws of the Oslo Accords and the international community's failure to guarantee compliance with International Humanitarian Law. The findings suggest that the management of the conflict, based on military action rather than political solutions, has created an unprecedented humanitarian crisis. The essay concludes that the lack of a clear political path forward could further fuel the spiral of violence already gripping the Middle East.

The article provides a thorough analysis of the economic transformation of the state and law during a period of transition. It reveals the transitional period to be a regular stage of societal development combining political, legal and economic changes. The article emphasises that, for Ukraine and other post-socialist states, transition is multidimensional, involving a shift from a centralised planned economy to a market economy, from an authoritarian model to a democratic system, and from an industrial society to an information society. In the politico-legal dimension, the study examines the adaptation of institutions to the conditions of martial law, restrictions on constitutional rights, and the need to ensure a balance between security and democracy. In the economic dimension, the dynamics of wartime transformation are outlined, including a sharp decline in GDP in 2022, stabilisation measures by the government and the National Bank, the introduction of a simplified tax regime, and support for business under wartime conditions. The article concludes that the success of economic transformation directly depends on the effectiveness of the legal system and state institutions. The Ukrainian experience offers a distinctive illustration of a tripartite combination of the struggle for statehood, modernisation of the legal system, and economic renewal, thus constituting a valuable exemplar for the international community. The subject of the research is the processes of economic transformation of the state and law under conditions of transition, in particular the interrelationship between politico-legal reforms and economic changes in Ukraine during 2022-2025, determined by the war, post-war reconstruction, and integration into the European Union. The research methodology employed is founded upon the utilisation of both general scientific and special legal methods. The dialectical method was employed to elucidate the essence of transitional processes in the state and law, and to identify their interrelation with economic transformations. The comparative-legal method was utilised to analyse the experience of post-socialist and European states that underwent a similar transitional path. The systemic-structural method made it possible to examine the state, law and economy as interconnected elements of a single social mechanism, in which changes in one sphere predetermine transformations in the others. The article aims to conduct a comprehensive study of the peculiarities of state and legal transformation during periods of transition. It seeks to identify the interrelationship between political and legal reforms and economic changes in Ukraine between 2022 and 2025. Finally, it aims to determine strategic guidelines for post-war reconstruction and European integration. Research results. The study establishes that Ukraine's transitional period is multidimensional, characterised by simultaneous changes in the political, legal and economic spheres. It shows that the legal system has become more adaptable under wartime conditions. The research confirms that the success of economic transformation hinges on the effectiveness of state institutions and the rule of law, as well as the capacity to strike a balance between security requirements during wartime and democratic principles. Conclusions. The study makes it possible to draw several key general conclusions. Ukraine’s transitional period remains inherently multidimensional: economic transformations are closely intertwined with political, legal, and institutional reforms. The legal system has demonstrated a notable capacity for adaptation; even under conditions of martial law, state institutions continued to function, while legislation was adopted to protect human rights, counter collaborationism, strengthen anti-corruption measures, and advance judicial reform. The economy experienced a profound crisis; however, sustained international support combined with domestic reform efforts enabled a degree of stabilisation and gradual recovery. Progress in European integration, including the implementation of visa-free regimes and alignment with EU membership criteria, has further highlighted the strong interdependence between economic policy and legal transformation. Finally, the social dimension of the transition—encompassing demographic losses, the return of displaced persons, and the reintegration of veterans—has generated new demands on state policy. Addressing these challenges is essential to ensuring long-term sustainable development and social stability. Ukraine's experience of 2022–2025 demonstrates that, even in extraordinary circumstances, it is feasible to implement reforms, amalgamate wartime mobilisation with democratic transformations, and establish the foundations for future economic and legal advancement. Consequently, the period of transition for Ukraine represents not only a challenge, but also a significant opportunity. The convergence of economic transformation and legal modernisation is laying the foundation for the establishment of a sustainable European state, grounded in the principles of the rule of law, democracy, and a competitive market economy.

Omics science has expanded rapidly with innovations in analytical chemistry and data science, yet equitable global participation remains limited by uneven access to infrastructure, training, and additional complex barriers. Recognition of the value and necessity of large, comparable datasets has motivated community-wide efforts to build consensus, develop open-source resources, and promote methodological standardization. One such initiative, The Periodic Table of Food Initiative (PTFI), recently distributed standardized workflows for food analysis to 19 international partner laboratories. Here, we share stories and lessons learned from the initial dissemination of these methods, highlighting obstacles encountered across global laboratories. Specifically, we document widespread logistical challenges, ranging from instrument procurement to routine operation, faced by low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). These barriers highlight stark contrasts in scientific infrastructure. For example, common reagent shipments averaged 4.25 days in high-income countries (HICs, four responses) compared to 65.6 days in LMICs (six responses), a staggering 1444% increase. Equally important, our findings reveal key drivers of laboratory adoption of standardized omics, which directly influence the long-term viability of global omics initiatives. As omics science continues to evolve, the community faces both opportunities and responsibilities to develop globally accessible, end-to-end workflows that support the generation of harmonious data. By sharing these stories, we aim to raise awareness of the challenges and opportunities inherent in global standardization efforts, emphasizing that democratizing omics and sustaining such initiatives will require collective commitment from the international scientific community.

ERGO (ERGonomics in the Operating room) study: A cross-sectional international online survey.

Amidst the ongoing efforts to become a full member of the international community, the Republic of Kosovo applies a temporary yet effective approach for safeguarding human dignity and fundamental rights: providing, via its Constitution, direct applicability to nine notable international human rights instruments, the latest being the Istanbul Convention in 2020. In this paper, we analyze the feasibility of this model and its application in practice. By essentially mirroring UN and CoE human rights standards, the Republic of Kosovo offers a unique case on protecting human rights, while still being a member of neither organization. This fact alone should qualify the state for membership in both.

In Harris County, Texas, more than a quarter of the population is foreign-born, and almost half of the population speaks a language other than English at home.1 Harris County is composed of 346 ethnic groups with over 145 languages spoken.2 The Harris County Public Health Preparedness and Response (PHPR) Division builds strong bidirectional relationships with international communities in Harris County that have proven invaluable in all phases of the disaster cycle. The PHPR Community Resilience Team maintains and fosters these relationships through various activities, including outreach, education, community resilience workshops and communication networks. Therefore, when a disaster strikes, PHPR can quickly reach out to international community partners who are ready and available to assist their communities alongside PHPR. This article is also included in The Business & Management Collection which can be accessed at https://hstalks.com/business/.

Understanding the Holocene environmental history of desert landscapes in northern China contributes to elucidating the mechanisms driving desertification in the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (NH). Based on a systematic and comparative analysis on integrated paleoclimatic data from both China and the international community, this paper reviews the environmental evolution history of the Alashan Plateau since the Holocene, drawing upon sedimentary and proxy records from three major sandy deserts on the plateau—the Badanjilin, Tenggeli, Wulanbuhe Deserts. The results indicate that the Alashan Plateau experienced generally humid conditions during the early and middle Holocene, characterized by the development of high-level lakes; in contrast, the late Holocene was marked by aridity and intensified aeolian activity. For the three deserts on the plateau, the environmental evolution of the Tenggeli Desert during the early Holocene diverges from that of the other two. Meanwhile, the mid-Holocene drought event in the Badanjilin Deserts remains debated, centering on whether its spatial scale was local or regional across the plateau. The driving mechanism of environmental evolution in the study area can be fundamentally understood through the atmospheric and oceanic circulation systems, combined with solar insolation in the middle latitudes of NH. This interplay is comprehensively reflected by the interactions between the westerlies and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) across different periods. Responses of the Alashan Plateau’s climate to global change involve the combined effects of multiple factors, including the Westerlies, the EASM, the Atlantic-Pacific-Ocean (APO) circulation anomalies, the ‘third polar’ environmental effect of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, and the hydrological influence of the Yellow River, etc. The Holocene environmental evolution history of the study area was primarily shaped by climate patterns characterized by cold-dry and cold–wet (or temperate-moist) regimes. Understanding these patterns may provide insights for forecasting future climate trends in the Alashan Plateau under current global warming.

Abstract Background With the development of international Chinese education and the increasingly prominent global mental health issues, the psychological problems faced by the international Chinese teacher community have received widespread attention. This profession combines cross-cultural adaptation, high emotional labor, occupational isolation, and multiple role expectations, creating a unique high-pressure environment. As a complex disease that combines manic and depressive episodes, early identification and intervention of bipolar disorder are crucial. Psychological resilience, as a core ability for individuals to actively adapt and maintain mental health in the face of significant pressure, has become the key to coping with this risk. Therefore, the study delved into the internal structure and external influencing factors of the psychological resilience of international Chinese language teachers under the risk of bipolar disorder, and constructed a targeted psychological resilience training model aimed at improving the psychological health level and professional sustainable development ability of this group. Methods This study used a mixed research method and purposive sampling to select 150 international Chinese language teachers who teach in different countries and have been screened by professional scales to show subclinical symptoms or high-risk factors of bipolar disorder as the research subjects. The research methods include: (1) In depth interviews: conducting semi-structured interviews to gain a deeper understanding of teachers' sources of stress, emotional fluctuations, coping strategies, and perceptions of their own psychological states during overseas teaching. (2) Questionnaire survey: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 150 international Chinese teachers using the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale, Social Support Rating Scale, Occupational Stress Scale, and Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale to quantitatively analyze the correlation between psychological resilience, social support, occupational stress, and bipolar risk. (3) Case analysis: Conduct a 6-month follow-up study on 5 teachers with typical emotional fluctuations. All interview data were encoded and extracted using thematic analysis, and quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS software for descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. Results Correlation analysis shows that the total occupational stress score of international Chinese teachers is significantly positively correlated with the risk score of bipolar disorder (r = 0.48, p<.01), and cross-cultural adaptation difficulty is also significantly positively correlated with the risk score (r = 0.52, p<.01). In contrast, the total score of psychological resilience was significantly negatively correlated with the bipolar risk score (r = -0.61, p<.01), which preliminarily confirms that psychological resilience is a key protective factor. Regression analysis shows that social support (β = 0.35, p<.001) and emotional regulation ability (β = 0.32, p<.001) are the strongest variables for predicting psychological resilience. This means that enhancing social support and emotional regulation abilities can most effectively strengthen teachers' psychological resilience. Discussion The research results indicate that cultivating high-level psychological resilience is an effective way to alleviate the risk of bipolar disorder and promote the mental health of international Chinese language teachers. Future research will focus on conducting empirical intervention studies on this cultivation model, testing its long-term effects, and further exploring the applicability and adjustment strategies of the model in different cultural contexts. Funding No. L22BYY006.

The article analyzes the Charter of the United Nations and the prevailing norms of international law, through the prism of basic principles thereof which constitute the foundation of the international legal orders, and the challenges the human society, the international community and contemporary world order in whole faced due to various geopolitical, political, economic, social, environmental, civilizational, formational, structural, systemic, etc. reasons of global effect in the course of latest decades. The global challenges cannot but affect international (interstate) relationships and international law, which are based on the United Nations’ Charter and the principles enshrined therein 80 years ago, qualified as “basic” ones. It is natural to approach them from the point of view issuing from essential qualities, efficiency and potential that were endowed therewith by the creators, i.e. the UN member states.

Since its initial release in 2019, the c-drama Chén Qíng Lìng (陈情令 / The Untamed) has resonated well-beyond its intended Chinese audience. Current research has delved into the series evolution and dissemination from a variety of angles, such as translation, queer studies, and intercultural reception. The present study aims to contribute to this growing work of research by conducting an exploratory study of emerging themes among the Spanish-speaking fandom. Considering the size and diversity of this community, as well as the increasing dissemination of Chinese popular culture as a form of soft power, the intersection of both themes presents itself as a site ripe for academic discourse. To better understand how fans engage and respond to The Untamed , web scraping tools were first used to download comments from WeTV's Spanish YouTube channel and conduct a systematic qualitative analysis of their content. The main emergent themes then formed the basis for a questionnaire which guided twelve semi-structured in-depth interviews with Latin American fans of the series and a professional translator. Findings indicate a diverse international community eagerly engaging (often for the first time) with Chinese fantasy, notwithstanding language barriers and cultural (dis)connections. Streaming platform access and translation quality emerged as significant themes, along with a range of personal tactics to overcome initial confusion with the material, and diverging stances on queer content representation. These observations align the consumption of Chinese dramas by Spanish-speaking fans with the notion of pop cosmopolitanism as a viable path to encourage global consciousness.

This research entitled (The Role of Social Networks in Spreading Media Awareness among University Students in the Kurdistan Region) aims to determine the role that social networks may play positively or negatively in spreading media awareness among university students in the Kurdistan Region. The research is descriptive and uses survey methods, content analysis and quantitative methods. The population of this research is students of universities (Sulaimani, Salahuddin/Erbil, Duhok, Halabja) in which a random sample 757 students were recruited by practicing the survey form (Google Form) that was distributed online to the research sample. The researchers has reached several conclusions in this study, the most important of which are: The researchers use social networks at various levels to be aware of the most important news, information, topics, problems and conflicts in order to meet their various needs. The researchers also have different levels of interest, interaction and trust in media articles published on social networks, which has led to the formation of media awareness among them. Based on the results of this study, the researchers makes several recommendations, the most obvious of which are: academic centers to deal appropriately with social networks in order to publish various media articles that play a role in further raising media awareness Publish important media articles related to the local, regional and international community that create a positive impact on individuals and groups in the community. Regarding the recommendations, the study makes several recommendations, the most important of which are: It calls on media researchers to prepare future research on social networks and environmental awareness, as well as on social networks and tourism development.

The digital revolution has transformed palaeontology through the development of openly accessible, community-driven databases that underpin some of the most complex and large-scale empirical studies of the history of life on Earth. These systems safeguard high-effort, volunteered data and have revealed major macroevolutionary patterns, including the 'Big 5' mass extinctions. These efforts also represent remarkable global scientific and financial investment, which is continually required to support the next generation of databases and associated research. Here we conducted a survey of 118 palaeontological and allied Earth science databases, analysing their diversity dynamics, including origination and extinction rates. We show that approximately 85% of all community-curated databases have lifespans of less than 15 years, putting decades of investment at risk. We show that database creation effort has increased in the past 30 years, with peaks in database loss related to 5-year funding cycles. We advocate for strategies to enhance database longevity, including sustained funding models, stronger institutional support and modular backend architectures that better link international community databases to each other and to fossil specimens.

Kidney transplantation is usually the optimal treatment option for patients living with kidney failure given its associations with improved survival, quality of life outcomes and a reduction in the personal, economic, and societal burden of long-term dialysis. While advantages of kidney transplantation are recognized, post-transplant complications, such as graft rejection, ischemia-reperfusion injury, surgical-related complications, and long-term consequences of immunosuppressive therapies, are commonly observed. There has been increased research on developing non-invasive biomarkers for the monitoring of transplanted kidneys over recent decades. The potential of urinary biomarkers to identify graft rejection, post-transplant acute tubular necrosis, detect progression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition toward tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and to differentiate between causes of graft dysfunction is an attractive alternative to invasive transplant biopsy. Innovative urinary biomarkers, such as those derived from omics technologies allow for a more holistic assessment of graft status through multi-parametric molecular analysis, although there remain questions on the consistency, reliability, and practicality of utilizing omics-based urinary biomarkers. The international nephrology community has continued to make concerted efforts to improve the procedures and cost-effectiveness of kidney transplant monitoring. In this article, we review the evidence and limitations of currently available urinary biomarkers and propose the application of urine-derived exfoliated kidney cells such as urinary exfoliated proximal tubule cells to prognosticate kidney transplant outcomes and monitor for post-transplant complications. Artificial intelligence and the incorporation of machine learning analysis of proximal tubular cell characteristics may optimize the process of differentiating graft rejection from other forms of kidney dysfunction non-invasively following kidney transplantation.

With the acceleration of globalization, transnational crimes are becoming increasingly complex and diverse, especially drug trafficking, cyber fraud, telecommunications fraud, money laundering and human trafficking, which are frequent and pose a serious threat to the security of the international community. As an important neighbor and regional cooperation partner of China, the Philippines is particularly prone to transnational crimes, and judicial assistance between China and the Philippines has become a key mechanism for dealing with cross-border crimes. Based on legal system analysis and case studies, this paper systematically sorts out the current status of judicial assistance between China and the Philippines, and deeply explores the main issues such as differences in legal systems, political and diplomatic factors, technical barriers and extradition disputes. It then proposes paths and countermeasures such as improving the docking of bilateral legal systems, building an information sharing and law enforcement cooperation platform, promoting the unification of technical standards for case handling, enhancing human rights protection and judicial mutual trust, and the strategic use of multilateral cooperation platforms. The study aims to provide theoretical support and practical reference for transnational judicial cooperation between China, the Philippines and related regional countries, and promote the modernization of regional governance systems and governance capabilities.

Hadronic physics has gradually emerged as one of the growing research frontiers in Indonesia, driven by efforts to better understand the properties of the strong interaction and the internal structure of hadrons from the fundamental principles of Quantum Chromodynamics. In the last few decades, Indonesian researchers have made significant contributions to developing various theoretical and phenomenological aspects of hadrons. In addition, on the experimental side, Indonesian scientists have participated in hadron experiment facilities overseas, such as the ALICE collaboration at CERN, which has strengthened the scientific activities and networks and has supported the training of young Indonesian researchers. In the present paper, we review Indonesian scientists’ contributions to hadronic physics, highlight ongoing research directions in both experimental and theoretical, and outline strategies for future development toward integration into the international hadronic physics community.

UNHCR estimates that 10 million people live without citizenship throughout the world. This condition of statelessness arises from various factors, which nowadays are mostly caused by state succession and prolonged conflicts between countries. The Kurds, Assamese, Palestinians and Ukrainians are some of the cases of statelessness that have received international attention. Therefore, this research was conducted to explore and analyze the development of international human rights law and the role of nation states in overcoming the phenomenon of nations without states. This research is normative juridical research based on secondary data obtained from authoritative and textual materials. The research results show that the escalation of stateless nations is increasing and living in various forms of human rights violations. Various international documents have guaranteed protection for stateless people. However, only a few countries have ratified and adopted international agreements, while their implementation only reaches the level of international commitment. In fact, systematic neglect and discrimination still occurs. There is different treatment between adopting countries and countries that do not adopt international conventions in viewing stateless people. Indonesia, Japan and the Middle East apply various criteria that serve to hinder the acceptance of stateless persons. Meanwhile, the Philippines is building a system that allows the fulfillment and protection of the rights of stateless people. Therefore, there needs to be international collaboration in building global, regional and domestic systems and networks that enable the facilitation of stateless people at a better level regardless of national origin, religion, race and other identities.

Intense armed conflict in Gaza gives rise to record-breaking humanitarian catastrophe. More than destructions of physical residence, the cost to health and well-being remains pressing concerns among people displaced by war. While the international community provide various forms of assistance, deliveries are challenged as blockades, according to reports, are in effect. Access to aid is reported to have been effectively restricted. Alongside with this are the reports of violations of medical neutrality - the targeting of medical facilities, making access to healthcare, treatment, and medical supplies extremely difficult if not impossible. Drawing on the WHO's framework of social determinants of health in conflict settings, this article situates the Gaza violence as a clear and profound case of how conflict dismantles the structural foundations of health and well-being. While mere peace does not guarantee positive health outcomes, peace inherits a cardinal role when war involves aid restrictions and breaches of medical neutrality. Peace becomes more fundamental to health and well-being under these cases of conflict environment. This is not to argue that peace is alternative to health. Rather, as drawn from the Gazan experience, peace is argued to be the foundation of health, indivisible to it. Peace, therefore, precedes health.