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- Research Article
- 10.59556/japi.73.1264
- Dec 10, 2025
- The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
- Zeeba S Jairajpuri + 9 more
International Academy of Cytology (IAC) introduced a breast category to produce comprehensive standardized guidelines for reporting breast cytopathology. IAC Yokohama System for Reporting Breast Cytopathology highlights the indications for getting breast cytology, procedural techniques, preparation of smear, material yielded, uniform system of reporting, use of ancillary investigations and prognostic tests, and correlation with clinical workup algorithms. The triple approach that includes clinical examination, radiological and pathological workup aims to maximize the preoperative detection of malignancy for early, definitive, appropriate treatment to the patient. The present study characterized the cytomorphological features of breast lesions ranging from inflammatory, benign to malignant. The lesions encountered were assigned a specific category on the basis of IAC Yokohama System. Histopathological correlation of cytomorphological findings was done wherever possible. Out of a total of 450 cases included in our study, 98% (441/450) were females, male to female ratio of 1:49, mean age being 32.6 ± 12.5 years. Majority of cases were in Yokohama category benign comprising 345 breast aspirates (76.66%), followed by 40 cases (8.8%) malignant, 28 cases (6.22%) in Yokohama atypical category. Category suspicious for malignancy consisted of 17 (3.7%) cases. A good inter-kappa agreement was found between cytological impression and histopathology diagnosis (>0.5). A sensitivity and specificity of 100 and 92.96% respectively was seen along with positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and area under the curve (AUC) of 98.24%, 100%, and 0.98 respectively. Diagnostic accuracy of 98.57% was seen. The IAC Yokohama System is a high-quality reporting system used for diagnosing breast fine needle aspirates accurately with greater reproducibility of reports and better communication between the pathologist and clinician.
- Research Article
- 10.1002/dc.70064
- Dec 6, 2025
- Diagnostic cytopathology
- Manish Jaiswal + 9 more
Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) remains widely used for the evaluation of palpable breast lesions, particularly in resource-limited settings, though histopathology is the gold standard. The International Academy of Cytology (IAC) Yokohama System provides a standardized five-tier reporting framework with defined risk of malignancy (ROM). This study aimed to evaluate its diagnostic performance, reproducibility, and applicability in a tertiary care setting. A total of 548 breast FNACs from 533 patients were reclassified both prospectively and retrospectively according to the IAC Yokohama categories. Histological correlation was available in 228 cases. Interobserver agreement was assessed among two senior cytopathologists and one junior pathologist using unweighted and weighted kappa statistics. Diagnostic performance was calculated against histology using three definitions of test positivity (Cat-5 only; Cat-4 & 5; Cat-3-5). A total of 548 FNACs from 533 patients were reclassified using the IAC Yokohama system: Cat-1 (36, 6.6%), Cat-2 (318, 58.0%), Cat-3 (14, 2.6%), Cat-4 (25, 4.6%), and Cat-5 (155, 28.3%). Histological correlation was available in 228 cases. The observed ROM was 50% for Cat-1, 7.9% for Cat-2, 45.5% for Cat-3, 93.8% for Cat-4, and 100% for Cat-5. Diagnostic accuracy improved with reclassification: in Group A (Cat-5 positive), sensitivity increased to 78.4% and specificity was 100%; in Group B (Cat-4 & 5 positive), sensitivity was 90.9% and specificity was 97.9%; and in Group C (Cat-3-5 positive), sensitivity reached 94.7% with a specificity of 89.6%. ROC analysis confirmed superior discrimination for the Yokohama system (AUC 0.94 vs. 0.88 for the original). Interobserver reproducibility was excellent, with weighted kappa values of 0.954 (P1 vs. P2), 0.942 (consensus vs. P3), and 0.939 (P2 vs. P3). Agreement was highest in benign and malignant categories and lowest in atypical and suspicious groups. The IAC Yokohama System showed high diagnostic accuracy, excellent reproducibility, and reliable risk stratification. By reducing false negatives and minimizing equivocal reporting, it improved alignment with histology compared with the conventional descriptive system, supporting its routine use in breast cytology practice.
- Research Article
- 10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_45_25
- Nov 12, 2025
- International Journal of Advanced Medical and Health Research
- Pranathi Mahankali + 3 more
Abstract Background: Diagnosis of breast cancer is usually done by triple assessment, which includes clinical, radiological, and pathological examination. Fine-needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) provides significant benefits as a diagnostic test with its rapidity of diagnosis, low cost, high rate of acceptance by patients, and high accuracy. In the present study, we retrieved the breast FNAC reports from the cytopathology laboratory and applied the International Academy of Cytology (IAC) Yokohama reporting system. Materials and Methods: The study encompassed all breast FNAC samples received in the laboratory from January 2024 to December 2024. Conventional smears were prepared from palpable lumps in the breast. These slides were fixed in ethanol. Following fixation, they were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. All the cases were classified according to the IAC Yokohama reporting system and correlated with histopathology wherever possible. Results: The study included a total of 257 breast aspirates from January 2024 to December 2024. The age group of patients ranged from 17 years to 72 years, with the majority of cases belonging to the 3 rd and 4 th decades, and 12 were male. Of the total 257 cases, 11 cases (4.2%) belonged to Category I (insufficient), 168 (65.6%) to Category II (benign), 21 (8.2%) to Category III (atypical), 13 (5%) to Category IV (suspicious for malignancy), and 44 (17%) to Category V (malignancy). Conclusion: IAC Yokohama’s use of FNAC for breast diagnostics offers an efficient and minimally invasive approach for the early detection of breast abnormalities, providing healthcare professionals with valuable insights to guide treatment decisions.
- Research Article
- 10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2024-11-4
- May 2, 2025
- European Journal of Breast Health
- Vishal Rohilla + 5 more
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide. In developing countries, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is commonly used for screening to reduce mortality rates. The International Academy of Cytology has established the Yokohama system to enhance diagnostic clarity and communication between pathologists and clinicians. A triple test approach, incorporating clinical evaluation, imaging, and FNAC, can further improve patient care for breast lesions and may enhance the Yokohama System's effectiveness. A prospective study about breast FNAC was done over a period of one year, from October 2022 to September 2023. The study involved patients with breast lesion referred for FNAC in the department of Pathology. The FNAC results were further classified using the Yokohama system for reporting breast cytopathology, 2016. The cytological findings were correlated with available histopathological results. In the study of 104 cases, 60 (57.7%) of whom had available histopathology results, breast lesions were categorized using the Yokohama system as: 7.7% insufficient, 47.1% benign, 26.9% atypical, 2.9% suspicious of malignancy, and 15.4% malignant. The risk of malignancy varied by category: 0% for category 1, 3.2% for category 2, 47% for category 3, and 100% for categories 4 and 5. The maximum sensitivity was 94.7% when considering atypical, suspicious, and malignant cases as positive. The highest specificity was 97.56% for malignant cases alone, while the best diagnostic accuracy was 83.3% when both malignant and suspicious cases were counted as positive. The Yokohama system effectively classified borderline lesions, facilitating early detection and improved management options. By integrating FNAC with standardized reporting, healthcare providers can make informed decisions, enhancing the diagnosis and treatment of breast lesions.
- Research Article
- 10.1016/j.jasc.2025.05.001
- May 1, 2025
- Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology
- Daniel F I Kurtycz + 5 more
Pathologist performed ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (US-FNA): current status, trends, and insights from the American Society of Cytopathology Sponsored Survey.
- Research Article
- 10.1111/cyt.13499
- Apr 26, 2025
- Cytopathology : official journal of the British Society for Clinical Cytology
- Chayanika Kala + 4 more
Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) of the breast is a widely used diagnostic tool for detecting breast lesions, offering high sensitivity and positive predictive value. The International Academy of Cytology (IAC) established the Yokohama System in 2016 to standardise reporting of breast FNAB. To categorise FNAB samples according to the IAC Yokohama System, assess the ROM for each category and evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values for malignancy diagnosis. This prospective observational study involved predominantly younger adults with the majority presenting with a palpable breast mass. FNAB samples were collected, stained and examined microscopically. Categories were assigned according to the Yokohama System, and the results were compared with histopathological examination (HPE). Diagnostic metrics and ROM were calculated using statistical analysis. The study included 428 patients, with malignant cases comprising 49.5% of the samples, benign cases 43.5%, atypical cases 4.2%, suspicious for malignancy cases 1.9% and insufficient material 0.9%. The risk of malignancy (ROM) was 100% for malignant, 87.5% for suspicious for malignancy, 22.2% for atypical, 2.15% for benign and 25% for the insufficient category. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy varied across groups, with group A, group B and group C showing accuracy at 92.99%, 97.66% and 95.3%, respectively. The IAC Yokohama System effectively categorises breast FNAB samples, provides accurate diagnostic metrics for malignancy and aids clinical decision-making, particularly in resource-limited settings.
- Research Article
- 10.1097/ms9.0000000000003322
- Apr 22, 2025
- Annals of Medicine and Surgery
- Khushbu Sah + 2 more
Introduction:The International Academy of Cytology (IAC) has developed a comprehensive and systematic method that defines five categories for reporting breast fine needle aspiration cytology. These categories stratify breast lesions by their risk of malignancy, providing guidance on management for each category. The aim of the study is to analyze the diagnostic utility of the IAC Yokohama system in breast cytology reporting with histopathological correlation.Methods:This was a cross-sectional observational study. The study included 55 patients with clinically suspected breast lumps who underwent Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology for provisional diagnosis, which was later confirmed by corresponding excisional biopsy and histopathology. The collected data following Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) and histopathology were entered into Microsoft Office Excel software 13. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 16. For diagnostic measurement, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy were calculated. The probability of significance was set at the 5% level.Results:Among 55 cases of breast lesions on cytopathology as per the International Academy of Cytology Yokohama System, none of the cases were categorized as Insufficient (C1). Twenty-five cases (45.5%) were categorized as C2 (benign), 5 cases (9.1%) were categorized as C3 (atypia, probably benign), 4 cases (7.3%) were categorized as C4 (suspicious for malignancy), and 21 cases (38.3%) were categorized as C5 (malignant). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy for cytopathology compared with histopathology were 86.21% (95% CI: 73.76%–98.66%), 100% (95% CI: 100%–100%), 100% (95% CI: 100%–100%), 86.67% (95% CI: 74.29%–99.05%), and 92.7% (95% CI: 85.54%–99.93%), respectively.Conclusion:The IAC Yokohama system for reporting breast fine needle aspiration cytopathology effectively stratifies patients into five categories and has high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy with regard to the gold standard histopathology.
- Research Article
- 10.4103/joc.joc_25_24
- Apr 1, 2025
- Journal of cytology
- Priyanka Munjal + 13 more
The International Academy of Cytology (IAC) Yokohama System has developed a standardized system of reporting breast cytology. The current study aimed to apply the newly proposed YOKOHAMA classification system along with American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data system (ACR-BI-RADS) scoring to breast fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) cases from the department archives and to assess the risk of malignancy (ROM) for each category. All breast FNACs done between January 20017 and June 2023 were reclassified according to the proposed IAC Yokohama reporting system. Histopathological correlation of the IAC Yokohama system and BI-RADS was done wherever available. A three-category approach was followed based on benign versus malignant, and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy were calculated using histopathology as the gold standard. A total of 2130 breast FNACs were performed, of which 469 had a histopathological correlation and 892 had a BI-RADS correlation. The ROM for insufficient, benign, atypical, suspicious, and malignant categories were 29.16%, 3.28%, 28.57%, 100%, and 92.18%, respectively. Maximum specificity (96.8%) was observed when only malignant (cat A) and when both suspicious and malignant cases (Cat B) were taken as positive test results. Highest sensitivity (92.7%) was achieved when atypical, suspicious, and malignant cases were taken as positive test results (Cat C) and highest diagnostic accuracy (94.8%) was seen in category B. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and diagnostic accuracy of BI-ADS were 78.67%, 92%, 85.5%, 87.8%, and 87%, respectively. FNAC and imaging are the key modalities for diagnosing breast lesions. The IAC Yokohama system along with ACR-BI-RADS provides a simple yet useful approach for effectively categorizing the different breast lesions, which is useful for patient management and risk stratification.
- Research Article
- 10.1016/j.annpat.2025.04.009
- Apr 1, 2025
- Annales de pathologie
- Mehdi Aymen Bendimerad + 1 more
WHO 2023: A new terminology for pancreaticobiliary cytopathology
- Research Article
- 10.1016/j.patol.2024.100793
- Jan 1, 2025
- Revista espanola de patologia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Anatomia Patologica y de la Sociedad Espanola de Citologia
- Sana Ahuja + 2 more
Maximizing diagnostic precision: Evaluating the combined Yokohama and BI-RADS scoring system for breast lesions.
- Research Article
1
- 10.1186/s42047-024-00170-4
- Dec 20, 2024
- Surgical and Experimental Pathology
- Deepshikha Verma + 4 more
BackgroundThe International Academy of Cytology (I.A.C.) Yokohama System to report breast cytopathology can effectively categorize breast diseases into different cytological groups. Fine needle aspiration (FNAC) from the lesions in the breast has been regarded as a major method of diagnosing breast cancer, particularly in rural settings. The major purpose of this study was to validate the diagnostic accuracy of breast FNA utilizing the IAC Yokohama system in future endurances. Histopathological examination is considered the gold standard for diagnosing benign as well as malignant breast lesions and is compared with FNA results.Material and methodsResearch on patients getting a core-needle, incisional, or excisional biopsy of breast lesions between January 1st, 2021, and December 31st, 2021, was conducted at a tertiary care center in central India. 216 breast FNAs were recorded utilizing the IAC Yokohama system, and the most appropriate category was assigned for every case and correlated with histopathology to evaluate the effectiveness of IAC system.ResultsThe new "International Academy of Cytology (IAC) Yokohama system" was used to categorize 216 patients into five categories based on the cytologic diagnosis.Those were C1: insufficient material (8.7%), C2: benign (65.7%), C3: atypical (1.8%), C4: suspicious of malignancy (2.7%), and C5: malignant (20.8%). FNACs were associated with ancillary testing and histological diagnosis to examine diagnostic accuracy. The overall Specificity, sensitivity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy were calculated with the risk of malignancy.ConclusionWith high specificity and sensitivity for each type of situation, for all tumors, and for each analyzed BI-RADS category, the IAC Yokohama system provides excellent accuracy for breast FNA .
- Research Article
- 10.1159/000543045
- Dec 9, 2024
- Acta Cytologica
- Caio Rodrigo Dos Santos + 3 more
Introduction: The International Academy of Cytology and the American Society of Cytopathology developed the International System of Serous Fluid Cytopathology (TIS) to standardize cytological reports. Effusions in pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial cavities are valuable sources of information for medical diagnosis, especially in oncological scenarios. The TIS classification is divided into five categories: nondiagnostic (ND), negative for malignancy (NFM), atypia of uncertain significance (AUS), suspected malignancy (SFM), and malignant (MAL). It facilitates global communication between specialists, aiming for future clinical management guidelines based on malignancy risk assessment. Methods: This quantitative analytical and retrospective study evaluated serous fluids (pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal) sent to the Instituto de Patologia de Araçatuba (IPAT), São Paulo, Brazil, from public and private hospitals between January 2017 and December 2022. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected from institutional files, including biopsies and immunohistochemical results. Results: The study included 719 patients with 763 serous fluid samples (pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal) analyzed over 6 years. The majority of samples were from pleural effusions (n = 438; 57.4%), followed by peritoneal (n = 293; 38.4%) and pericardial effusions (n = 32; 4.2%). Samples were classified using the International Serous Fluid Cytopathology System (TIS), revealing the following distribution: ND (0.41%), NFM (70.30%), AUS (0.95%), SFM (11.90%), and MAL (16.44%). The risk of malignancy calculated for each category was ND 66.67%, NFM 23.39%, AUS 28.57%, SFM 48.28%, and MAL 84.17%. Conclusion: The ROM was out of the interval proposed by the TIS in all categories. These findings suggest the applicability of TIS even outside of the cancer center environment, although the presented ROM frequencies were out of the recommended range.
- Research Article
- 10.51642/ppmj.v35i03.705
- Dec 4, 2024
- Pakistan Postgraduate Medical Journal
- Faiza Wattoo + 5 more
Background: International academy of cytology (IAC) has established a structured, comprehensive and standardized coding system to segregate the breast lesions into categorically 5 groups C1-5 (C1-Insufficient, C2-Benign, C3-Equivocal/ open to more than one interpretation, C4- Suspicious & C5- Malignant) to approach a uniform and unanimous diagnostic criterion of reporting on cytology. The aim of our analysis in the case series is to classify our available data of breast lesions into different categories as per IAC classification. Method: All routine FNAC done in the breast clinic of Madina Teaching Hospital from June 2014 to June 2023 were included in the study. Results: A total of 718 cases were included in the study, varying in age from 11 to 69 years. Out of all the FNACs done, the percentage of C1 cases was 0.41 % (3), C2 cases was 62.5% (449), C3 cases was 5.7 % (41), C4 cases was 7.1 % (51) and C5 cases was 24.2% (174) Conclusion: Cytological categorization based on structured reporting system utilized internationally, will augment the diagnostic uniformity amongst medical practitioners and use of FNAC for diagnosing breast lesions can help prevent redundant surgery and strain to the patient.
- Research Article
- 10.30699/ijp.2024.2028955.3300
- Oct 1, 2024
- Iranian journal of pathology
- Alka Yadav + 10 more
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and breast sonography have played a pivotal role in the characterization of a breast lump. The main objective of this study was to analyze the correlation between the International Academy of Cytology (IAC) Yokohama for Reporting Breast Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsies (FNAB) and breast imaging reporting and data system (BIRADS) for sonography along with histopathological correlation. A total of 135 FNAC specimens were categorized according to the IAC Yokohama system and BIRADS reporting system and their correlation with histopathology wherever possible to calculate the risk of malignancy (ROM). According to IAC Yokohama categorization, the cases in categories I, II, III, IV, and V were 1,78,8,6 and 42, respectively. Akin to cytology, most of the cases were assigned BIRADS score two followed by score 6, with the Pearson's correlation coefficient between the IAC Yokohama system for reporting breast cytology and BIRADS scoring system of 1.957 with a P-value < 0.001 (strong correlation). The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and DA of FNAC with category III assumed as malignant were 98.9%, 85%, 76.1%, 99.3%, and 89.5%, respectively. Histopathological correlation was available for 90 cases. The ROM for categories II, III, IV, and V was 5.6%,37.5%,100%, and 100%, respectively. IAC Yokohama system of reporting breast cytopathology and BIRADS serves as a common language of communication between pathologists and clinicians and aid in better stratification of the lesions. Both FNAC (minimally invasive) and ultrasound (non-invasive imaging technique) are diagnostic tools that complement each other for patient diagnosis and management.
- Research Article
- 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1280_20
- Oct 1, 2024
- Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics
- Monica Sarohi + 2 more
ABSTRACT Background: In 2016, the International Academy of Cytology (IAC) established a reporting system for breast fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. This system proposed five categories in its classification: category for insufficient; category 2 for benign; category 3 for atypical, probably benign; category 4 indicating suspicious for malignancy; and category 6 for malignant. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to review and categorize the breast FNA samples according to the new system of reporting, to assess the risk of malignancy (ROM) for each category, and to assess the diagnostic yield of breast FNA biopsy (FNAB). Materials and Methods: The present retrospective study was conducted in the department of pathology, IGMC, Shimla from January 2019 to December 2019. All the samples during this period were included in the study. Results: A total of 405 breast cytology cases were included in the present study. The FNA findings were correlated with histopathology in 82 cases. The ROM for each category was 16.6% for insufficient, 3.7% for benign, 0% for atypical for malignancy, 100% for suspicious for malignancy, and 92.3% for malignant category. Conclusion: The IAC Yokohama system for reporting breast FNA cytology helps in standardizing reports and easier communication of the pathologists with treating surgeons. It offers a ROM for each category which helps during follow-up of patients. Utilizing the system in day-to-day reporting will improve diagnostic clarity and management.
- Research Article
- 10.4132/jptm.2024.07.14
- Sep 15, 2024
- Journal of pathology and translational medicine
- Shweta Pai
The International Academy of Cytology (IAC) has developed a standardized approach for reporting the findings of breast fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Accordingly, there are five chief categories of breast lesions, C1 (insufficient material), C2 (benign), C3 (atypical), C4 (suspicious), and C5 (malignant). The prognostication and management of breast carcinoma can be performed readily on the basis of this classification system. The aim of this study was to classify various breast lesions into one of the above-named categories and to further grade the C5 lesions specifically using the Robinson system. The latter grades were then correlated with modified Scarff-Bloom-Richardson (SBR) grades. This retrospective study was undertaken in the pathology department of a hospital located in the urban part of the city of Bangalore. All FNAC procedures performed on breast lumps spanning the year 2020 were included in the study. A total of 205 breast lesions was classified according to the IAC guidelines into C1 (6 cases, 2.9%), C2 (151 cases, 73.7%), C3 (13 cases, 6.3%), C4 (5 cases, 2.5%), and C5 (30 cases, 14.6%) groups. The C5 cases were further graded using Robinson's system. The latter showed a significant correlation with the SBR system (concordance=83.3%, Spearman correlation=0.746, Kendall's tau-b=0.736, kappa=0.661, standard error=0.095, p≤.001). A standardized approach for FNAC reporting of breast lesions, as advocated for by the IAC, improves the quality and clarity of the reports and assures diagnostic reproducibility on a global scale. Further, the cytological grading of C5 lesions provides reliable cyto-prognostic scores that can help assess a tumor's aggressiveness and predict its histological grade.
- Research Article
- 10.4103/sjoh.sjoh_3_24
- Jun 21, 2024
- Saudi Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
- Rajab A Alzahrani
Abstract Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) are uncommon and represent about 6% of all head and neck tumors and 0.3% of all malignant tumors worldwide. The reporting system of SGTs before 2018 was individualized and may be problematic and confusing for some pathologists and clinicians. In 2018, the Milan Categorizing System for Salivary Gland Tumors (MSRSGC) was developed by an international consortium of experts and endorsed by the American Society of Cytopathology and the International Academy of Cytology; the aim was to standardize the reporting terminology to replace the conventional, descriptive interpretation for salivary gland fine needle aspirations for better communication between clinicians and between institutions. This review aims to stand on the extent of the MSRSGC in resolving the conflicts among pathologists and clinicians and highlight the problems that have been reported through studying the published literature. Since its development, the MSRSGC has provided to some extent a unified reporting system that elevated the communications among pathologists and clinicians. In addition, the MSRSGC has provided information about the risk of neoplasia (RON), risk of malignancy, and line of management for each category; however, most discussions have shown that some cases in the intermediate group are still indicating conflicts in its diagnosis and reporting, especially those of SGTs of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP) with distinct cellular features, such as basaloid, oncocytic, and squamoid features and a need to be recategorized individually, and the strength of the system in the category toward diagnostic feature of malignancy.
- Research Article
- 10.1186/s42047-024-00148-2
- May 10, 2024
- Surgical and Experimental Pathology
- Ranjan Yadav + 4 more
BackgroundFine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the breast is a well-established technique that aids in the preoperative identification and differentiation between nonneoplastic and neoplastic breast lesions. Breast lesions can be efficiently categorized into different cytological groups using the International Academy of Cytology (IAC) Yokohama System. The aim of this study was to classify breast lesions based on the proposed Yokohama system of reporting breast cytology and identify the need for a unified system of reporting breast lesions.Materials and methodsThis retrospective descriptive study was performed in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Datia, M.P. from January 2019 to June 2023. A total of 762 FNAC slides reported during this period were retrieved, re-examined and reclassified according to the IAC Yokohama System. Histopathological diagnoses were also retrieved and correlated with the cytological findings wherever available.ResultsIn the present study, a total of 762 smears of breast fine needle aspirations were included and categorized using the IAC Yokohama System. There were 3.8% cases (29/762) in the C1 category (insufficient), 71.6% cases (545/762) in the C2 category (benign), 6.3% cases (48/762) in the C3 category (atypical), 3.1% cases (24/762) in the C4 category (suspicious for malignancy) and 15.2% (116/762) cases in the C5 category (malignant).ConclusionFNAC is a reliable diagnostic technique for the evaluation and management of breast lesions prior to surgery. Implementing the IAC Yokohama System for reporting breast cytopathology enhances the accuracy of diagnosing breast lesions, reduces missed diagnoses, and offers reliable estimates of risk of malignancy. Adopting the Yokohama system is a crucial first step in boosting the overall effectiveness of breast cytology reporting among clinicians and pathologists, which will ultimately lead to improved communication and patient care.
- Research Article
- 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs23-po5-27-11
- May 2, 2024
- Cancer Research
- Sara Gil + 6 more
Abstract Breast cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women in Colombia due to non-communicable chronic diseases. This has prompted health insurance companies to develop innovative initiatives to mitigate these negative outcomes. Since September 2018, Ayudas Diagnósticas SURA, in alliance with the Gustave Roussy Hospital and General Electric Healthcare has promoted a “One-stop clinic” program called: “TIEMPO PARA TI”. One of the primary challenges was to demonstrate that breast cytology, based on the Yokohama guidelines approved by The International Academy of Cytology has a high sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy. The Yokohama system for classifying breast cytology is comprised of five categories: C1 not satisfactory, C2 benign, C3 atypical, C4 malignancy suspected, and C5 malignant. From September 2018 to December 2022, consecutive patients referred for breast biopsy and suspected of having breast cancer underwent triple assessment of breast tumor and were included in this retrospective study. Descriptive analysis was made using STATA v17 software to compare fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy versus Tru-cut. A total of 14,501 patients were included, 14.398 FNA and 14.401 trucut biopsies were performed. The comparative analysis showed a 99% concordance between categories 2, which correspond to benign lesions and 96.7% between categories 5, which correspond to malignant lesions. Our findings demonstrate that a well-executed FNA biopsy is not inferior to a trucut biopsy, as revealed by the Yokohama system, and offers significant advantages, such as cost-effectiveness and prompt diagnosis. Both techniques should be used with caution, considering their advantages and disadvantages. Citation Format: Sara Gil, Carlos Agudelo, Jorge Castaño, Melissa Naranjo, Clara Piedrahita, Daniel Wilches, Kelly Corredor. A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIAGNOSTICS MADE BY FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION (FNA) BIOPSY VERSUS TRU-CUT FOR BREAST PATHOLOGY IN A ONE STOP CLINIC PROGRAM IN MEDELLIN, COLOMBIA [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO5-27-11.
- Research Article
11
- 10.1016/j.jasc.2024.04.003
- Apr 16, 2024
- Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology
- David Kim + 19 more
The current state of digital cytology and artificial intelligence (AI): global survey results from the American Society of Cytopathology Digital Cytology Task Force