Multifunctional Sulfalene additive regulates crystallization dynamics toward inverted perovskite solar cells with enhanced efficiency and stability.

Construction of hierarchical structured dual-shell hollow polyhedra NiCo2O4 based on Ti3C2Tx for advanced lithium-ion and sodium-ion capacitors.

Utilising low-temperature annealing processes to regulate the magneto-acoustic coupling effect in surface acoustic wave (SAW) magnetic field sensors significantly enhances the sensitivity and temperature stability of sensors. This study employs FeCoSiB/Ti multilayer composite soft magnetic alloys as magneto-sensitive films, combining theoretical modelling with experimental validation to elucidate the multifaceted mechanisms by which low-temperature annealing processes (100 °C) influence the magneto-acoustic coupling effect. Through the Arrhenius magnetic domain reorientation model and the modified Stoney equation, we clarified the use of low-temperature annealing to regulate magnetic parameters such as the saturation magnetostrictive coefficient and internal stress relaxation, thereby enhancing the magnetostrictive thin film ΔE effect, and ultimately establishing a quantitative relationship between the annealing temperature and the sensitivity of the SAW magnetic sensor. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that after 100 °C annealing, the saturated magnetostrictive coefficient increases to λ s = 46.9 × 10-6, internal stress is significantly reduced, the ΔE effect improves to 49.5%, and the sensitivity of the SAW magnetic field sensor can be enhanced by 51%. The experimental results verified the theoretical analysis results. After annealing at 100 °C, the sensor sensitivity increased from 156.34° per mT to 236.19° per mT, the temperature drift coefficient decreased by 62.5%, and the insertion loss of the sensor device remained almost unchanged. In contrast, high-temperature annealing at 200 °C/300 °C caused significant lattice distortion and increased acoustic propagation loss, leading to a sharp deterioration in sensitivity (8.67° per mT). This study provides theoretical guidance and experimental evidence for the preparation of SAW magnetic field sensors with high sensitivity and excellent stability.

A permeability model for gas-bearing coal-rock under internal stress and gas adsorption effects

Reliability-Oriented Routing of Internal Current Stress in the Two-Stage SST Submodule

Internal or external stress can induce cellular senescence, which reduces cell division. These metabolically active cells contribute to medication resistance. We examined the potential for edaravone (Eda) to cause apoptosis in dasatinib (Das)-induced senescent gastric adenocarcinoma cells (AGS). Our goal was to develop a new stomach cancer treatment. All Eda doses evaluated were nontoxic to cells. Das decreased AGS cell survival in a dose-dependent manner. The study found that Das (5-10 μM) and Eda (100 μM) caused cell senescence in AGS cells. This was shown by increased β-galactosidase enzyme activity and reactive oxygen species levels and decreased telomerase enzyme activity. These are the biggest signs of aging. This combination therapy also upregulated the expression of cell-senescence genes p53, p16, p21, and p38. This resulted in increased expression of inflammation genes such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. The scratch assay showed that this combination medication down-regulated the cell migration-regulating MMP2 gene. Both Das and Eda decreased AGS cell proliferation, suggesting treatment with Eda may prevent metastasis.

This study aimed to construct a forelimb contracture model in rabbits to mechanically quantify pronation-supination movements during the healing phase following joint capsule and ligament injuries. Additionally, a finite element model of the human elbow joint was developed to investigate the mechanical environment of the elbow joint during pronation-supination movements in the healing phase. White rabbits were randomly assigned to either a control group (no injury) or an injury group (joint capsule and ligament injury). The injured forelimbs were immobilized for 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks (designated as 2IM, 4IM, 6IM, 8IM groups, respectively), and mechanical tests were performed on the joints. A finite element model of the human elbow joint was utilized to simulate elbow joint protonation from 0° to 50° during different healing periods, and changes in soft tissue forces within the elbow joint were analyzed. During the healing phase, the injured group experienced significant reductions in total range of motion (ROM), with decreases of 26.8°, 43.8°, and 57.4° at 4 IM, 6 IM, and 8 IM, respectively. These reductions were accompanied by histological phenomena such as cellular adhesion within the joint capsule. Additionally, internal soft tissue stress gradually increased over time, with the highest stress observed in the annular ligament. Throughout the healing process, stress on the humeral cartilage consistently exceeded that on the ulnar cartilage, with the maximum stress reaching 15.8 times that of the ulnar cartilage. Stress on the joint capsule also increased progressively, rising by 69.5%, 87.5%, and 139.2% at 4, 6, and 8 weeks post-injury, respectively. Healing time is significantly negatively correlated with total joint range of motion, as evidenced by the continuous accumulation and transfer of internal soft tissue loading. These findings are associated with worsening histological changes within the joint capsule. These results are of great significance for further understanding the biomechanical environment within the joint cavity during elbow contracture and for guiding elbow contracture release surgery.

Simulation of part distortions induced by rebalancing of internal stresses in milling of heat-treated 7050 aluminium alloy with changing clamping conditions

Inflamm-aging as a diverse and context-dependent process: From species and population differences to individual trajectories.

Dual regulation of crystallographic orientation and internal stress of electroplated nickel

Change of plantar tissue and aponeurosis characteristics in diabetes and its indication for ulcer risk.

Impact of tire particles and tire leachate contaminants on plant physiology and soil health: Case study in mung bean and tomato.

Teacher well-being plays a crucial role in creating effective learning environments for young children. The present study examines the relationship between health locus of control (HLOC), teacher stress, and life satisfaction among Head Start (HS) teachers. Results suggest that teachers with a high Internal HLOC report lower overall stress levels and greater satisfaction compared to those with a low Internal HLOC. In addition, having a high Internal HLOC was also associated with greater overall life satisfaction. We also investigated how health behaviors (e.g., a commitment to healthy eating, exercise) affected stress and life satisfaction. We found that a “health-conscious orientation” was related to lower stress levels and higher life satisfaction. Understanding the dynamics of locus of control, stress, life satisfaction, and teacher health behaviors provides valuable insights for developing comprehensive interventions that benefit the teachers and the children they serve.

Teacher well-being plays a crucial role in creating effective learning environments for young children. The present study examined the relationship between health locus of control (HLOC), health behaviors, teacher stress, and life satisfaction among Head Start (HS) teachers. Results suggest that teachers with a high Internal HLOC report lower overall stress levels and greater satisfaction compared to those with a low Internal HLOC. In addition, having a high Internal HLOC was also associated with greater overall life satisfaction. We also investigated how health behaviors (e.g., a commitment to healthy eating, exercise) affected stress and life satisfaction. We found that a “health conscious orientation” was related to lower stress levels and higher life satisfaction. Understanding the dynamics of locus of control, stress, life satisfaction, and teacher health behaviors provides valuable insights for developing comprehensive interventions that benefit the teachers and the children they serve.

Portuguese ceramic tile (azulejo) production has evolved significantly since its beginnings in the 16th century. While historic tiles reflect well-established traditional techniques and styles, modern and contemporary works began to explore new aesthetic and material possibilities, introducing textures, surface effects, and experimental approaches that challenge conventional conservation methods. This study examines a contemporary Portuguese tile panel dated from 1987, featuring decorative effect glazes with crater and crazing textures, which were characterized and reproduced. Analytical techniques, including optical microscopy, micro-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and Raman spectroscopy in microscopic mode, were employed to characterize material composition and formation mechanisms. Results showed that the crater-effect glazes were achieved with a silica-rich glaze recipe with MnO2 and ZrO2. The crazing effect developed in regions where unmelted crystalline silica induced internal stresses within a lead-silicate glaze, contributing to localized degradation. Experimental reproductions of the glazes, guided by analytical data, were conducted to better understand their formation and inform conservation strategies. The results provide essential insights for the technical assessment, documentation, and preservation of contemporary ceramic artworks featuring decorative effect glazes and contribute to the broader field of cultural heritage conservation.

Abstract Composite tubular structures play essential roles in aerospace, automotive, and civil engineering applications. To enable sustainable and adaptive performance, this study develops a novel hybrid composite tubular structure by integrating bio-based ramie fibers and shape memory alloy (SMA) wires via radial braiding. Ramie contributes to material sustainability, while SMA enables tunable torsional stiffness through its shape memory effect and recovery force. Quasi-static torsion tests were conducted under varying SMA activation states and ramie/glass fiber ratios. Results show that increasing the number of activated SMA wires and the ramie content synergistically enhances stiffness modulation, achieving up to 16% reversible stiffness variation—surpassing conventional passive composites. Upon electro-thermal activation, SMA recovery force significantly alters internal stress distributions and damage morphology: crack propagation is geometrically constrained when loading is perpendicular to the SMA orientation, whereas parallel alignment promotes longitudinal crack extension. Notably, even without surface modification of SMA wires, the 1:3-S configuration delivers the most effective balance of active stiffness control and structural integrity. The system functions reliably across 20–110 °C, encompassing operational conditions for oil/gas pipelines subjected to geological torsional disturbances. These findings highlight the potential of SMA–ramie hybrid tubes for real-time mechanical adaptation, offering a scalable, multifunctional solution for next-generation intelligent and sustainable infrastructure.

ABSTRACT This study investigated how differential moisture content (MC) swelling can improve mortise-tenon joint durability without fasteners or adhesives. It quantifies swelling-induced stresses and determines optimal MC differences for pine and beech to maximize joint strength while minimizing cracking. The impact of this MC difference was evaluated using the finite element method. Both joint components were initially of equal nominal size. The mortise was assembled with the tenon at an equilibrium MC of 12%, with an initially lower MC (6%). The swelling of the tenon, caused by reaching equilibrium MC, and constrained within the mortise, induced internal stresses. With the same initial MC difference, beechwood exhibited greater moisture-induced strain (0.20 mm) than pinewood (0.16 mm). Localized stresses within the joint models reached 2.6 MPa for pinewood and 5.4 MPa for beechwood. These results suggest the potential for creating more durable joints eliminating the need for adhesives or fasteners. To minimize stress and prevent cracking, a maximum moisture content difference of 4% is recommended for pinewood joints and 5% for beechwood joints. This is particularly important when designing for zero clearance between mating parts. This study demonstrates the potential for leveraging wood's hygroscopicity to enhance furniture joint strength.

ABSTRACT Understanding fault activation and slip is vital for earthquake mechanics and underground structure stability. Fault stability, beyond in situ stresses, depends on their architecture, including asperities, segments, and gouge materials. This study investigates locked fault segments of varying lengths using mortar specimens with prefabricated faults filled with montmorillonite and quartz sand gouge. Uniaxial loading was applied, with embedded strain gauges and digital image speckle techniques monitoring internal stress, surface strain, and displacement near the fault. Results show increased model strength with longer locked segments. Local stress field deflection angles vary more in the dilatation quadrant than the compression quadrant. Gouge material disperses stress concentrations during loading. Slip occurs along the structural surface during failure, with the relative sliding rate of blocks correlating strongly with stress field deflection angle changes. As the system transitions from elastic to stable fracture stages, this correlation in the dilatation quadrant shifts. These findings offer insights into complex fault mechanisms and stability compared to simple planar saw‐cut discontinuities.

ABSTRACT The shear parameters at rock–concrete interfaces are key technical indicators for rock‐based structures and are of great significance to the antisliding stability of such constructions. Through in situ shear tests and multidimensional mechanistic experiments, this study investigates the effects of different rubber powder dosages on the shear behavior between concrete and rock foundations and reveals the mechanism by which rubber powder enhances the antisliding stability of rock–concrete interfaces. The results show that when the rubber powder dosage is 20 and 30 kg/m 3 , the shear friction coefficient increases to 1.46 and 1.63 times that of the reference group, corresponding to an improvement of 53.4%–58.0% in antisliding friction. Rubber powder imparts strain‐hardening characteristics to concrete; the fracture initiation toughness of rubberized concrete is 1.17 times that of ordinary concrete, and the instability toughness is 1.24 times, indicating higher fracture energy. In addition, the base reaction distribution of rubberized concrete helps reduce stress concentration at specimen edges. By redistributing internal stresses and mitigating stress concentration, rubber powder enhances the antisliding stability of rock–concrete interfaces, providing a new approach for improving the stability of rock‐based engineering structures.

The work presents a solution for a steel-concrete ceiling girder made without the use of welding. Experimental and numerical tests carried out on a real-scale girder model were discussed, on the basis of which the value of the destructive load, the value of the destructive bending moment and the amount of girder deflection were determined. The results obtained from experimental tests were consistent with the results of numerical calculations. The bending load-bearing capacity was calculated for various variants of the girder structure, showing that it depends mainly on the height of the steel section and the type of steel from which it was made. The impact of the other analyzed parameters is less important. Eliminating the welding process during the construction of the girder allows for reducing the energy consumption of its production while maintaining strength parameters comparable to elements in which welding was used. Moreover, the connector attachment technique used (unlike welding) does not cause any microstructure transformations, allows maintaining the homogeneity of the material and avoiding internal stresses and deformations.