Internal Failure Research Articles

Femoral neck system versus dynamic hip screw for fixation of femoral neck fracture in the adult: a meta-analysis.

To determine the efficacy of femoral neck system compared to dynamic hip screws in treating femoral neck fractures. The systematic review was conducted from January to March 2023, and comprised literature search on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Ovid, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang databases for relevant studies published up to March 1, 2023. Study data as well as demographic and outcome parameters related to the patients were extracted, and the methodological index for non-randomised studies was used to assess the risk of bias. Review Manager software was used to conduct metaanalysis. Of the 567 studies initially found, 6(1%) were included, with the publication date ranging from August 2021 to February 2023. There were 5(83.3%) studies published in English and 1(16.7%) in Chinese. Of the 577 patients with femoral neck fractures, 287(49.7%) were treated with femoral neck system and 290(50.3%) with dynamic hip screws. Significant differences were shown between the two groups regarding operation duration, blood loss, internal fixation failure rate and Harris hip score (p=<0.05). There was no significant differences between the groups regarding time from injury to surgery, hospitalisation, complication rate and femoral neck shortening rate (p>0.05). The novel femoral neck system could optimise surgical procedures, with shorter operation times and lesser blood loss. The femoral neck system and dynamic hip screws were comparable in terms of complication rates and postoperative hip function.

Utilization of cannulated screw fixation of Jail and TiRobot-assisted percutaneous indirect reduction technique for AO/OTA type 41B2 tibial plateau fracture treatment

PurposeThe present study was designed to investigate the precise procedure and effectiveness of percutaneous minimally invasive fixation assisted by TiRobot in managing AO/OTA type 41B2 tibial plateau fracture to provide an alternative solution for clinical application. MethodsIn total, 10 participants with AO/OTA type 41B2 tibial plateau fractures diagnosed by preoperative imaging examinations were enrolled in this study between May 2019 and May 2022. They were 5 males and 5 females, with an average age of 45.6 ± 11.3 years old (range 27–62 years old). All of them had closed fractures, including 6 cases with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tibial insertion avulsion fractures, 1 case with medial collateral ligament (MCL) tear, and 4 cases with a lateral meniscus tear. From injury through surgery, the entire time frame was 4.0 ± 1.5 days (range, 2–7 days). Following indirect percutaneous reduction assisted by TiRobot, the Jail method was used to treat all patients with minimally invasive internal fixation. Patients with ligament or meniscus injurieswere treated with arthroscopic surgery in one stage. The standardized functional exercise was performed postoperatively. The knee function was measured using the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score, and the fracture reduction was assessed through the Rasmussen radiology score. ResultsAll patients were followed up for 12.7 ± 6.8 months (6–24 months).The fracture healing time was 11.8 ± 0.8 weeks (10–13 weeks), and the X-rays revealed satisfactory fracture reduction.The knee joint's Rasmussen score was 17.8 ± 0.4 (in the range of 17–18) a year after the procedure, with 8 patients receiving outstanding ratings and 2 cases receiving satisfactory scores. The HSS score was 93.8 ± 2.3 (range, 89 to 96), of which 10 cases were excellent. The motion range of the kneewas 138.7°±2.7° (range, −5° to 0° to 135°). No adverse effects or serious complications, such as internal fixation failure, postoperative infection, popliteal vascular injury, and common peroneal nerve injury, were observed during the last follow-up visit. ConclusionsThe intelligent assistance and accurate guidance of TiRobot can simplify and standardize procedures of percutaneous minimally invasive fixation in theSchatzker type Ⅲ tibial plateau fracture treatment. This technique increases the precision of indirect percutaneous reduction and screw fixation while minimizing bone grafting.

Study on the Burst Failure Mechanism and Residual Strength of Casing With Compound Wear Based on Extended Finite Element Method

Abstract Based on the data of wear casing for ShunNan 501 well in Northwest oilfield and the stress–strain intrinsic relationship of P110 tubing, a two-dimensional mechanical model of casing with compound wear is established by using the nonlinear extended finite element method (XFEM) and the burst failure criterion of damage evolution with due consideration of wear type, angle between crescents, overlap depth of crescents, and wear depth caused by drill pipe body and tool joint. The accuracy and reliability of model are verified by the full-scale burst test data. The effects of wear types, angle between crescents, overlap depth of crescents, and wear depth on the internal pressure yield strength (IPYS), burst strength and failure behavior for casing with compound wear are analyzed, by which it is found that casing with compound wear exist stress interference and complex interaction between stress interference and stress concentration, and the burst failure mechanism of casing with compound wear is revealed. Based on the gray correlation analysis result of wear parameters, a prediction model of the residual strength for P110 casing with compound wear is established by 1stOpt software and universal global optimization (UGO) algorithm.

Analysis Of Implementations On Green Accounting In The Maritime Industry In The Riau Islands

Most of the Riau Islands is ocean. Therefore, the marine ecosystem must be well-preserved. Implementing green accounting can provide a framework for sustainable management of these marine resources. The purposes of this research are to determine and analyze how companies implement activities related to the application of Green Accounting. This is a qualitative research using primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through interviews, while secondary data was obtained through documentation. Data analysis was conducted by conducting interviews, grouping activities according to cost groups, analyzing, and concluding. There are 2 companies that have been researched, PT Citra Tubindo, Tbk and PT Kampong Teripang Indonesia. The results showed that PT Citra Tubindo has implemented all activities related to prevention costs, detection costs, and internal failure costs. PT Kampong Teripang Indonesia has implemented all activities related to detection costs. For prevention costs, PT Kampong Teripang Indonesia has not yet implemented the development of an environmental management system. PT Kampong Teripang Indonesia has also implemented all activities related to internal failure, except for recycle water for reuse.

Pore-scale precipitation pattern and grain-scale cementation strength by microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP)

Microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is widely investigated as a sustainable method of soil improvement. The pore-scale precipitation habit of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and the grain-scale mechanical strength of the cementing bonds play a significant role in determining the mechanical response of MICP-treated soils. This study presents the pore-scale precipitation patterns in MICP-treated sands and the grain-scale cementation strength of two beads cemented by MICP. X-ray computed microtomography imaging of MICP-treated sands with different grain sizes reveal that the surface area, number of contacts, and flow-induced shear detachment as well as bacterial cell loci have a profound effect on the pore-scale precipitation. With different grain size, the precipitation can show either a contact-cementing pattern or a surface-coating habit. Particularly, evolution of the precipitation pattern is observed for large-sized grains from the surface-coating mode to the contact-cementing mode with an increase in CaCO3 content. The grain-scale mechanical strength tests on MICP-bonded bead pairs demonstrate that the failure with MICP bonding occurs in three modes: debonding, internal, and mixed failure modes. Amongst, the debonding failure mode has the greatest strength and the internal failure mode shows the lowest strength. The tensile strength is greater than the shear strength in all modes; particularly in debonding failure mode, the tensile strength of ~35 kPa and shear strength of ~13 kPa. The presented results advance our insight into pore-scale and grain-scale behavior of MICP-treated sands, which can be further extended to develop DEM models and transport models.

ENDOMARKETING AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: A CASE APPLIED TO A NOTARY'S OFFICE IN GOIÁS

Endomarketing refers to the internal customer and enables company management and teamwork among the institution's employees. This research had the following objectives: to define endomarketing and the types of tools used to improve organizational performance; to identify the opinions and perceptions of the employees of a notary's office. It aimed to answer the following question: How can endomarketing resolve productivity issues such as bottlenecks and internal communication failures? The research methodology adopted was a bibliographical and exploratory study with a qualitative approach. Finally, the expectation of the research was to carry out an in-depth analysis of the topic and seek out the best practices for the study, knowledge and strategies for planning and implementing a program that recognizes strengths and weaknesses using the endomarketing technique, in other words, recognizing and valuing the existing organizational culture or creating new forms of management using indicators, trajectories and opinions.

«Европейская комиссия сейчас подобна ЦК КПСС». Беседа с журналом «Логос»

In his conversation with the editors of Logos about the key plots and the context of the book Endgame Europe. Why the Europe Political Project Has Failed and How Can We Dream of It Again (2022) its co-author, Hauke Ritz, emphasizes that it was induced by a reflection on the reasons of the European Union project’s failure at the time of the 30th anniversary of the signing of the Maastricht Treaty. This failure has both an internal political — the failure of democracy and republicanism in the internal structures of the EU, and a foreign dimension — the deterioration of relations between Germany (Europe), the West and Russia and, of course, the conflict in Ukraine. Moreover, the internal political failure in the implementation of the European peace project, largely associated with the choice of an extensive path of its development (EU enlargement, coupled with NATO expansion to the east) at the expense of intensity (deepening political integration) leads to deep foreign policy complications and is aggravated by them. The fact that the EU project, which has not made progress in its domestic political (democratic and republican) content and is artificially limited through the exclusion of Russia from the European world and the common security architecture, has turned out to be instrumentalized, along with support for the US position on Ukraine, according to Ritz, constitutes a betrayal of Europe. The problem is compounded by the disregard of the university community and the mainstream media for this catastrophic state of affairs. However, new, alternative media are emerging and gaining popularity all over Europe, critically and responsibly exploring these topics and contributing to the formation of reflective European solidarity.

Unified Models for Bond Strength and Bond-Slip Response of Deformed Rebars in Cracked Concrete

Cracks in reinforced concrete structures pose a potential risk to their long-term stability and safety, necessitating an accurate analysis of the bond failure mechanism between the reinforcement and the cracked concrete. However, currently, there is a lack of comprehensive bond prediction models for the entire cracking stage, and limited understanding of the bond slip response. To address the aforementioned issues, an improved model incorporating internal pressure, crack width, and failure modes, aiming to provide a more precise estimation of the bond strength between deformed bars embedded in concrete under various cracked cases. The proposed model demonstrates superior performance in predicting cracked cases and failure modes. The performance of the proposed model in predicting cracked cases and failure modes is superior to existing models, as demonstrated by a comparative analysis. Additionally, a comprehensive model is proposed to analyze the bond-slip behavior in cracked concrete. This model introduces a bond reduction factor for cracks, aiming to determine the critical bond length required for bond strength.

Early Clinical Efficacy of Small Incision Reduction and Superior Closed Pin Fixation of Goss-Ideberg Type III Glenoid Fractures using X-ray and CT Scan.

Imaging techniques such as X-rays and 3D Computed Tomography (CT) are used to diagnose and evaluate a patient's shoulder before and after surgery. Identifying the kind, location, and severity of a shoulder fracture helps surgeons choose the right treatment and surgery. The study examines the effectiveness of small incision reduction and superior closure pinning in treating Ideberg type III glenoid fractures identified by X-ray and CT scans. From October 2017 to June 2022, 40 patients with Ideberg type III glenoid fractures underwent mini-incision reduction and superior closed pinning fixation using the Anterior (AA) and Posterior (PA) approaches. Pre- and post-surgery shoulder scores and imaging data were analyzed. Outpatient review and shoulder anteroposterior radiographs were collected at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. We assessed shoulder joint function using the American Shoulder and Elbow Society (ASES) shoulder score, VAS score, Constant-Murley Shoulder Outcome (Constant) score, and DASH score. A total of 40 patients were monitored for 14-16 months, averaging 15.2 ± 0.3 months. All fractures were healed between 14-25 weeks from X-rays, averaging 17.6 ± 5.4 weeks. Both the AA and PA groups had similar shoulder score changes. However, the AA group did better. In all cases, ASES shoulder scores were outstanding at 80%. Radiographs demonstratedno traumatic arthritis or internal fixation failure consequences like screw loosening or breakage. It was concluded that Ideberg type III glenoid fracture reduction with an anterior small incision and superior closed pinning hollow lag screw internal fixation could be successful.

Tensile failure mechanisms of historic fibrous plaster ceiling wads: Experiments at the UK Diamond Light Source

Fibrous plaster (FP) ceilings, prevalent in late 19th- and early 20th-century UK theatres, are suspended using ‘wads’. Wads are hangers made of Plaster of Paris, reinforced with twisted woven jute fabric. Several recent collapses in historic fibrous plaster ceilings have been attributed to tensile failures in wads. To understand the failure mechanisms involved, tensile tests were performed on laboratory-produced wad-like samples at the I12 beamline of the UK Diamond Light Source. The tested samples were designed with a dog bone shape and mounted with clevis-grips at each end, to ensure controlled failures along the gauge length. The beamline offered the opportunity to conduct simultaneous synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (sCT) and diffraction measurements during loading, enabling the monitoring of internal crack formation and strain propagation at the microstructural scale. Simultaneously, acoustic emission (AE) and digital image correlation (DIC) measurements were conducted. Preliminary results from these datasets are discussed in this paper. The datasets will provide useful information to validate the ongoing development of algorithms which can categorise the internal failure mechanisms and damage state of wads using only AE signals.

Cloud-based mathematical models for self-organizing swarms of UAVs: design and analysis

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms have gained significant attention for their potential applications in various fields. The effective coordination and control of UAV swarms require the development of robust mathematical models that can capture their complex dynamics. The paper introduces mathematical models and relevant paradigms based on the design and analysis of self-organizing swarms of UAVs. The logical and technological construction of the model relies on the theorems developed by authors for obtaining full information exchange during the swarm quasi-random walk. The suggested rotor-router model interprets the discrete-time walk accompanied by the deterministic evolution of configurations of rotors randomly placed on the vertices of the swarm graph. The recommended optimal and fault-tolerant gossip/broadcast schemes support the resilience of swarm to internal failures and external attacks, and cryptographic protocols approve the security. The proposed cloud network topology serves as the implementation framework for the model, encompassing various connectivity options to ensure the expected behavior of the UAV swarms.

Green Accounting Analysis in Public and Private Hospitals

This study aims to determine the applicationof environmental prevention costs, environmental detection costs, internal environmental failure costs and external environmental failure costs in public and private hospitals in Batusangkar. The type of research used is a field research using quantitative methods to see how enviromental accounting is applied in public and private hospitals in Batusangkar. The results of this study indicate that the Hanafiah Hospitals has implemented IPAL properly in accordance with the Minister of Environment Regulation No. 11 of 2020 PP of 2021 but not all categories of Enviromental costs according to Hansen Mowen issued by the RSUD. While at the Harapan Ibunda Hospitals also has its own IPAL facility to manage its waste according the Minister of criteria only the city goverment in the relevant sector conducts an evaluation.

Pengaruh Biaya Pencegahan, Biaya Penilaian, Biaya Kegagalan Internal, Dan Biaya Kegagalan Eksternal Terhadap Profitabilitas

This study aims to examine the effect of Prevention Costs, Assessment Costs, Internal Failure Costs and External Failure Costs on Profitability. In this study the population used is the ceramic, porcelain and glass sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2017-2021. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Purposive sampling is a sampling method that is determined through certain criteria by the researcher. Based on predetermined sample criteria, a sample of 6 companies was obtained. This research was conducted with a period of 5 years, so that the total sample of this study was 30 samples. This study uses secondary data using the company's annual financial statements. The data is taken from the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression analysis techniques using SPSS Version 20. The results of the t-test study show that the variable cost of prevention has a significant negative effect on profitability in porcelain ceramic sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the BEI, the appraisal cost variable has a significant positive effect on profitability on the porcelain ceramic sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on BEI, the variable cost of internal failure has an effect has a significant positive effect on profitability in the porcelain ceramic sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the Bei, and the external failure cost variable has no significant effect on the profitability of the porcelain ceramic sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the Bei. The results of the overall variable F test show that prevention costs, appraisal costs, internal failure costs, and external failure costs have a significant effect on profitability in porcelain ceramic sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the BEI.

Reinforced Soil Wall Construction with High Stiffness Geocomposite Reinforcement and Betoflor Segmental Block, Pengerang, Johor Darul Ta’zim

Pengerang is a municipality in Kota Tinggi district in Johor at the southern tip of the Peninsular Malaysia. It is home for the mega oil and gas hub Pengerang Integrated Petroleum Complex (PIPC) in Southern Johor state, which is one of the region’s largest hubs for oil and gas, petrochemical industries, oil storage and trading activities. The area is experiencing significant development, both residential and commercial in nature. In this development plan, the retaining wall system plays a crucial role in providing a larger development area, enhancing the aesthetic view, and achieving a higher elevation platform. The focus of this paper is on an internally stabilized reinforced soil wall system which involves reinforcing the soil with high stiffness geocomposite reinforcement and utilizing modular segmental blocks as facing elements. This combination creates a 1 vertical: 0.14 horizontal gradient (82°) wall that is implemented for a mixed development at Pengerang. The single-tier reinforced soil wall reaches a height of 13 m. In addition, the maximum 14 m high wall was designed as a two-tier wall and the maximum 19 m high wall was designed as a three-tier wall. The design of the reinforced soil wall includes the evaluation of various potential internal and external failure modes. This paper also discusses the construction sequences employed for the reinforced soil wall. Ultimately, the combination of the high stiffness geocomposite reinforcement with modular segmental blocks has proven successful, resulting in a constructed wall that satisfied the client requirements

Experimental and computational meso-scale investigation on the deformation and failure behaviors of plain woven SiC/SiC with intrinsic and manufactured defect

For plain woven SiC/SiC composites used in aerospace thermal-structural applications, not only the pristine material properties but the open-hole performance are of critical concern for the components in service. This study investigated the influence of intrinsic pores induced during SiC matrix preparation and manufactured holes on the macro mechanical properties of plain woven SiC/SiC through experimental and numerical methods. Tensile tests at room temperature were conducted on SiC/SiC specimens with different hole apertures and configurations, and the digital image correlation (DIC) method was employed for full-field strain measurement. Moreover, micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) was utilized to characterize the internal microstructure, original defects, and failure fractures. Based on the reconstructed mesoscale model, the tensile strength and failure mechanisms of pristine and open-hole specimens were predicted and analyzed, with the models validated against the experimental results. The results showed that the inter-tow defects play an important role on the deformation and failure of pristine SiC/SiC specimens during tensile loading. The notch strength results indicated that SiC/SiC exhibits weak notch sensitivity, and the local mesoscopic deformation of the notch is affected by the combination of macroscopic stress gradients and mesoscopic structures. The mesoscale simulation results showed that the position of the hole has a significant impact on the strength of the single layer SiC/SiC composite. The more the notch invades the warp, the greater the decrease in load-bearing capacity, and the relative position of the weft mainly determines the crack propagation path. The failure mode in the simulation results is consistent with the experimental findings, indicating that the simulation model, which considers the weave architecture, can better explain the notch failure behavior of Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs).

Void Growth Dynamics in Solid-State Batteries

Solid-state batteries (SSBs) can potentially offer improved energy density and safety, when compared to current lithium-ion batteries. Despite their irrefutable theoretical promise, further advancement of SSBs relies on developing a comprehensive understanding of various fundamental aspects including electro-chemo-mechanics, transport interactions, morphological evolution and related failure modes at solid-solid interfaces. Amongst the wide range of challenges, the formation and evolution of interfacial voids at the lithium-metal/solid-electrolyte interface during stripping is critical, due to its associated effect on internal short-circuit and cell failure during subsequent plating. The void growth phenomenon in SSBs is jointly determined by different factors such as the self-diffusion kinetics and mechanical response of lithium, reaction distribution at the solid-solid interface, and operating conditions such as external pressure and temperature. In this presentation, the pivotal role of reaction heterogeneity on the contact evolution process, along with key descriptors such as the lithium microstructure, surface morphology and contact percolation are discussed. The underlying asymmetry in terms of the competing electrochemical/mechanical processes and contact evolution during plating and stripping is highlighted. Lastly, the influence of non-uniformities in external pressure and temperature on the occurrence of disparate void growth patterns and electrochemical response is examined in this presentation.

Scour effects on the bearing capacity of monopile-wheel composite foundations under lateral and torsional loads

With the development of offshore wind power energy, the monopile-wheel composite foundation has attracted wide attentions from scholars as an innovative foundation for offshore wind turbines (OWTs). And in offshore engineering, the local scouring usually tends to weaken the bearing capacity by moving surrounding soil till even become a non-negligible reason for some engineering disasters. To explore this effect of local scour qualitatively and quantitatively, the scouring morphology of the monopile-friction wheel composite foundations under unidirectional flow are obtained by means of CFD. Then, a 3D finite element model is developed to estimate the bearing behaviors and deformation characteristics with the consideration of various scouring conditions. Both internal forces and failure envelopes under H-T combined loads are also obtained through numerical analysis. The results reveal that key scouring parameters significantly affect the bearing capacity and envelopes shrinkage of the composite foundation. In particular, the scouring depth has the greatest effect on lateral and torsional bearing behaviors of 15%–32% and 24%–58%, respectively, followed successively by the scouring angle and extent. And the loading point height has a noticeable impact on the lateral resistance of the composite foundation. The findings provide valuable insights into understanding the load bearing behaviors of composite foundations and their practical application in engineering.

Early effectiveness of Ti-Robot assisted femoral neck system for minimally invasive treatment of elderly Garden type Ⅱ and Ⅲ femoral neck fractures

To investigate the early effectiveness of the Ti-Robot assisted femoral neck system (FNS) in the treatment of elderly Garden type Ⅱ and Ⅲ femoral neck fractures. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 41 elderly patients with Garden type Ⅱ and Ⅲ femoral neck fractures who were admitted between December 2019 and August 2022 and met the selection criteria. Among them, 21 cases were treated with Ti-Robot assisted FNS internal fixation (study group), and 20 cases were treated solely with FNS internal fixation (control group). There was no significant difference in baseline data, including gender, age, side, cause of injury, time from injury to surgery, fracture Garden classification, and fracture line classification, between the two groups ( P>0.05). Surgical effectiveness was evaluated based on parameters such as operation time (including incision time and total operation time), reduction level, number of dominant pin insertions, intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency, incision length, whether to extend the incision, need for assisted reduction, postoperative hospital stay, fracture healing time, incidence of osteonecrosis of the femoral head, postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score at 1 day, and Harris hip score at last follow-up. The study group showed significantly shorter incision time, fewer dominant pin insertions, fewer instances of extended incisions, fewer intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency, and smaller incisions than the control group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in total operation time, reduction level, and assisted reduction frequency between the two groups ( P>0.05). Both groups achieved primary wound healing postoperatively, with no complications such as incision leakage or skin infection. All patients were followed up 12-24 months with an average of 14.6 months. Fractures healed in both groups, with no significant difference in healing time ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in postoperative hospital stay between the two groups ( P>0.05). The study group showed significantly better VAS score at 1 day after operation and Harris hip score at last follow-up when compared to the control group ( P<0.05). No complication such as internal fixation failure, fracture displacement, or hip joint varus occurred in both groups during the follow-up. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head occurred in 1 patient of the control group, while no was observed in the study group, and the difference in the incidence of osteonecrosis of the femoral head between the two groups was not significant ( P=0.488). Compared to sole FNS internal fixation treatment, Ti-Robot assisted FNS internal fixation for elderly Garden typeⅡ and Ⅲ femoral neck fractures can reduce incision time, achieve minimally invasive and accurate nail implantation, and decrease intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency, leading to improved postoperative hip joint function recovery.

Novel sternoclavicular hook plate for the treatment of posterior sternoclavicular dislocation: a retrospective study

BackgroundControversies regarding the optimal internal fixation method for posterior sternoclavicular dislocation (SCD) exist. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of a new type of sternoclavicular hook plate for treating posterior SCD.MethodsEleven patients (eight men and three women) with posterior SCD who underwent treatment with the new sternoclavicular hook plate from June 2011 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients’ ages ranged from 33 to 71 years (54.91 ± 13.58 years). Operation time, blood loss, length of hospital stay, and postoperative complications were recorded. Postoperative joint reduction and healing were evaluated using radiography and computed tomography. The Constant–Murley and Rockwood sternoclavicular joint scores were used to evaluate the functional recovery of the affected limb 12 months after surgery.ResultsAll 11 patients were followed up for 12–24 months (18.00 ± 3.74 months). All incisions healed by first intention. The healing time ranged from 9 to 13 days (10.82 ± 1.54 days), and the joint healing time was 3–4 months (3.55 ± 0.52 months). The operation time was 45–75 min (59.55 ± 11.06 min), intraoperative blood loss was 22–58 mL (39.91 ± 11.07 mL), and the length of hospitalization was 6–14 days (9.91 ± 3.27 days). There were no complications such as infections, internal fixation failure, or nerve injury. The Constant–Murley score was 93.64 ± 9.01 at 12 months postoperatively. The Rockwood score was 13.36 ± 1.86, of which nine cases were excellent, one case was good, and one case was fair.ConclusionThe novel sternoclavicular hook plate is effective for the treatment of posterior SCD. This novel device can facilitate early joint functional exercises and good functional recovery.

Bahasa Indonesia

Risk management is a series of procedures and methodologies used to identify, measure, monitor and control risks arising from bank business activities. However, however, risk remains a barrier to an activity or activities that we plan, because risk is also the possibility of causing unexpected or unwanted losses. This research discusses operational risk and how to implement operational risk management at the head office of BCA Syariah. The results of the discussion show that operational risk is caused by inadequate or non-functioning internal processes, human errors, system failures or external events that have an impact on operational activities. The implementation of operational risk management at BCA Syariah seeks to raise risk awareness for each work unit at BCA Syariah in order to foster a strong and risk-aware culture to mitigate potential risks.