Internal Context Research Articles

Internal and external contexts influencing future accountants: The lens of experienced auditors

This study examines the factors influencing future accountants from the lens of experienced auditors. This study employs a qualitative case study design, focusing on the challenges and issues faced by future accountants, with the aim of enhancing career opportunities that align with employer needs. Interviews with eight experienced auditors, along with the analysis of public documents from the respective accounting regulatory authority and the Ministry of Higher Education, provided the data for this case study. Based on the insights of the experienced auditors, this study developed two contexts, namely an internal and an external context, which could benefit employers and future accountants. The internal context includes attitude and behaviour, continuous learning and adaptability, technical skills, technical knowledge, and career development. The external context includes university standards, the needed IT skills, lack of soft skills, and inability to acquire technical knowledge. The specific factors for both the internal and external contexts could be employer expectations, university requirements, and graduate interest in this area of accounting, which tailor the HalaTuju 4 and MIA competency frameworks. The findings of this study provide new insights in accounting education that can contribute to future research. Furthermore, this study can provide insights into skills, knowledge, and potential factors that are important for future accounting professionals, which could also be included in the university curriculum to accommodate Hala Tuju 4.

“UNKNOWN” QUOTATIONS IN R. ZELAZNY’S NOVEL “CREATURES OF LIGHT AND DARKNESS” AS A PROBLEM OF TRANSLATION INTERPRETATION

Precedent statements are an important intertextual phenomenon that makes it possible to include the work in the body of already existing texts but to actualize the game with the readers’ expectations. A quotation has the potential to perform many functions: it can serve as a direct reference to the author or a specific work, it can imply a broad cultural outlook of the reader, it can form the internal context of the work, as if these quotations were taken from texts invented by the characters themselves, etc. The aim of the article is to analyze the precedent statements in the novel of R. Zelazny “Creatures of Light and Darkness”. The extensive use of different types and levels of precedent phenomena characterizes this fiction novel as a whole. Three Russian translations of R. Zelazny’s novel were used as illustrative material. The method of research is contrastive semantic-syntactic analysis. A number of quotations in the novel by R. Zelazny’s novel initially assumes some “understatement”, when the reader either has to have a broad outlook in order to recognize the reference to the precedent text, or must try to guess what it is about. It is especially interesting when the source of the quotation is unknown and unrecognizable, so there is an interpretive lacuna that serves as a challenge to the reader. Translators look for ways to convey and simultaneously compensate for this reticence by various means, including, in some cases, eliminating the reticence itself (e. g. by introducing a reference to pretexts, although this does not exist in the original work). The results allow us to identify the translation that is closest to the original in pragmatic terms, as well as to conclude that there is some continuity in the translations: while the earlier translations are significantly different, the later translation uses some of its predecessors’ solutions.

Reach, Adoption, and Implementation Strategies of a Telehealth Fall Prevention Program: Perspectives From Francophone Communities Across Canada.

Introduction. A fall may impact a person's physical, emotional, and psychological well-being. Fall prevention programs are being implemented to reduce these negative outcomes. However, linguistic barriers in health services may reduce access to such prevention programs. A telehealth fall prevention program was designed to increase access to such programs in French for Francophone minority communities in Canada. This capacity-building project aimed to support community partners to deliver this telehealth program and document strategies used to reach, adopt, and implement the program within various Francophone and Acadian Minority Communities. Methods. A sequential explanatory mixed methodology was used to document reach, adoption, and implementation strategies and describe the lived experiences of program facilitators and organization representatives. Reach, adoption, and implementation were documented and analyzed descriptively, while lived experiences were analyzed using content analysis following the Consortium Framework for Implementation Research. Results. Twelve organization representatives or program facilitators from eight organizations operating in four different provinces participated in the study. Three themes emerged from the qualitative data on reach and adoption: external context, internal context, and capacity building. Four themes were identified as barriers and facilitators to implementation: level of preparation and time management, interpersonal relations and telepresence, exercise facilitation and safety, and technological problem-solving. Conclusion. Using tailored reach and adoption strategies such as prioritizing provinces with higher proportions of needs and training local community program facilitators may lead to the successful implementation of a new telehealth fall prevention program. Results from this study could potentially inform other primary prevention programs or telehealth program implementation.

Strength of Audit Firms’ Human Resource Systems and Client-Level Audit Outcomes: Evidence from a Multiple Source Study

SYNOPSIS We examine whether differences in HR systems among audit firms can affect client-level audit outcomes. Based on the audit quality framework of Knechel, Krishnan, Pevzner, Shefchik, and Velury (2013b) and the strategic HRM literature, we posit that audit firms with stronger HR systems are likely to deliver more desired audit outcomes, ceteris paribus. Building on systems theory, we outline and capture a wholistic picture of the audit firm HR system as consisting of three dimensions: competency-, motivation-, and opportunity-enhancing practices. We draw on two distinct data sources for our analyses: a survey allowing us to tap into the HR systems of large audit firms servicing PIE clients in The Netherlands and corresponding client-level archival data to measure audit outcomes. Our results suggest that HR systems are an internal context factor affecting client-level audit outcomes. Supplemental analyses indicate that competency- and opportunity-enhancing HR practices are associated with more desirable audit outcomes. Data Availability: Part of the data are available from the sources cited in text. JEL Classifications: M42; O15.

Implementation of the strengths model of case management for people with a traumatic brain injury: a qualitative pre-implementation study

ABSTRACT Introduction People who sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) may have to live with permanent sequelae such as mental health problems, cognitive impairments, and poor social participation. The strengths-based approach (SBA) of case management has a number of positive impacts such as greater community integration but it has never been implemented for persons with TBI. To support its successful implementation with this population, it is essential to gain understanding of how the key components of the intervention are perceived within the organization applying the approach. Objectives Documenting the barriers and facilitators in the implementation of the SBA as perceived by potential adopters. Methods A qualitative pre-implementation study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with community workers and managers of the community organization where the SBA is to be implemented. Data were analyzed using a deductive approach based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Results The major barriers are associated with the intervention (e.g. adaptability of the intervention) and the external context (e.g. the impact of the pandemic). Perceived facilitators are mainly associated with the internal context (e.g. compatibility with current values). Conclusion The barriers and facilitators identified will inform the research team’s actions to maximize the likelihood of successful implementation.

Communication Management in Diversity Tolerance to Maintain The Unity of The People

Management is the cornerstone of running and overseeing an organization in everyday life. Communication management is one of the pivotal factors for achieving organizational goals. From a communication perspective, such activities are evident in every aspect of daily life. Celebrating the ideals of organizational communication management is crucial amid the proliferation of technology. If left unchecked, this could lead to a breakdown of harmony. Therefore, the concept of religious tolerance should permeate social media to guide effective communication in the social sphere. A communication strategy that embraces diversity is essential for maintaining and strengthening community unity. Through this process, individuals engage in transmitting and receiving messages, thereby adapting to one another. The role of communication in organizational management entails attention to both organizational culture (the values, beliefs, and assumptions characterizing the organization) and organizational climate (evidence of behaviors shaping perceptions of various policies and practices), particularly concerning security. Communication management emphasizes the professional roles and strategic contributions of individuals to the organization. While many patterns in communication management systems and structures remain unexplored, communication management, especially in educational and strategic communication, has largely been built on approaches wherein organizations communicate clearly and consistently. Communication management serves as the primary guiding principle for organizations in their interactions with the external public, affirming the unity of people. Meanwhile, employees' communicative roles are chiefly relevant within the internal context of the organization."

Context is key: A 34‐country analysis investigating how similar HRM systems emerge from similar contexts

AbstractUsing an institutional lens, we investigate the isomorphic effects of both external and internal contexts on human resource management (HRM) systems. Our analysis uses data from 4768 organizations across 34 countries to focus on the similarities in HRM systems. By employing distance matrices, a commonly adopted method in geographic science, we find that both external and internal contexts affect (dis)similarities in HRM systems. Organizations in similar environments exhibit more similar HRM systems. Furthermore, we find that the devolvement of HRM activities from HRM to line management reduces the similarity of HRM systems across organizations. By contrast, a strong strategic position of HRM does not yield a comparable effect. Our study's main contributions include elucidating the multifaceted relationship between context and HRM, highlighting the HRM department's role in this relationship, clarifying the context–HRM connection via the concept of isomorphic pressures, and illustrating the use of distance matrices as tool with great explanatory power for the analysis of similarities among HRM phenomena.

Имидж ведущего учреждения культуры Дальнего Востока в социологических оценках

The article presents the results of the assessment of the state cultural institution’s image on the example of the Khabarovsk Regional Musical Theater, its external and internal context. They reflect the images of cultural institutions of the regional center that have been developed in public opinion, obtained through a pilot survey of the target audience – recipients of their services, their needs, preferences, expectations and requirements, as well as ratings of competitors on information portals. As a result of the study, it was found that the image is an important competitive advantage of cultural institutions and has a significant impact on their overall activities and success in the market. It is worth noting, that it is important for cultural institutions to pursue an effective policy on the formation and management of reputation and corporate image, using available technologies, tools, means and resources for this purpose. The analysis of the Khabarovsk Musical Theater's external image showed that it contributes to the stable leadership position that the Theater occupies in the market of cultural and leisure services of the Khabarovsk Territory. Therefore, in order to maintain and strengthen the image, it is necessary to continue to adhere to the current reputation concept, while taking into account the interest of the audience in the variety of cultural events held by the Theater. To strengthen the internal image of the Theater, the management of the institution needs to pay attention to the development of corporate culture and financial support for employees.

Разработка инструментов поддержки системы управления проектами цифровой трансформации предприятия на основе больших данных

In the context of the digital economy development and the transition to the data economy, it is necessary to work out iteratively the strategy of digital transformation of the enterprise on an ongoing basis, as well as optimize the digital project portfolio to achieve strategic business goals and obtain new quality and value of the business model and business processes due to the digitalization advantages. The study identifies the directions for the formation of a management system model that correspond to modern trends in enterprise digitalization and intellectualization based on approaches, tools and standards of project management. The conducted theoretical research allowed developing a set of tools that includes a conceptual model of the digital transformation project management system, a methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of the analytical subsystem for managing digital transformation projects based on big data and a generalized model for forming a strategy for managing digital transformation projects of an enterprise. The proposed authors’ methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of the analytical subsystem for managing digital transformation projects based on big data can be used as one of the tools for assessing the digital maturity of an enterprise and the level of use of big data tools in management. This will allow identifying problem areas for the development of a management system based on big data, as well as reasonably forming an analytical infrastructure for digital transformation corresponding to the transition towards the data economy. The developed conceptual model of the digital transformation project management system is aimed at forming an effective portfolio taking into account risks, the external and internal context of the enterprise, and includes a mechanism for choosing an approach (flexible, classic, hybrid) to managing digital transformation projects.

Top management team diversity and adaptive firm performance: the moderating roles of overlapping team tenure and severity of threat

PurposeAlthough strategic scholars have made great effects to exploring the moderating roles of team interaction in explaining the effect of top management team (TMT) diversity, they have adopted seemingly conflicting theoretical perspectives to explain how it works. Drawing on ideas from the threat rigidity theory, the authors integrated these perspectives by proposing a contingency model in which the relationships between TMT diversity and adaptive firm performance depend on the matching between the internal context (i.e. overlapping team tenure) and external context (i.e. severity of threat).Design/methodology/approachThis study sampled 579 Chinese A-share listed companies that have been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and multilevel linear regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis.FindingsResults provided support for this hypothesis. Specifically, the interaction between TMT age/tenure diversity and overlapping team tenure is significant only when the severity of threat is high, while the interaction between TMT functional diversity and overlapping team tenure is significant only when the severity of threat is low.Originality/valueThe results of this study provide a comprehensive perspective to predict the performance impact of team diversity and contribute to diversity research and practice.

Bots for mental health: the boundaries of human and technology agencies for enabling mental well-being within organizations

PurposeThe importance of mental wellbeing and the need for organizations to address it is increasing in the post-pandemic context. Although Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly being adopted in HRM functions, its adoption and utility for enabling mental wellbeing is limited. Building on the Open System Theory (OST) and adopting the technology-in-practice lens, the authors examined the roles of human and technology agencies in enabling mental wellbeing.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted in two stages; in Stage 1, the authors adopted a case methodology approach to examine the feasibility of a technology company's offerings to assess mental wellbeing. In Stage 2, the authors followed the grounded theory approach and interviewed 22 key stakeholders and HR leaders of diverse organizations. The authors used Gioia's approach to analyze the data.FindingsThe study demonstrates the interdependence and inseparability of human activity, technological capability and structured context. Specifically, the authors observe that AI adoption is pushing the boundaries of how organizations could support employees' mental health and wellbeing. These technological advancements and adoption are likely to facilitate the evolution of agentic practices, routines and structures.Research limitations/implicationsThis study carries two important implications. While the advent of cutting-edge technologies appears to affect employees' mental wellbeing, the study findings indicate the assistive role of technology in supporting mental wellbeing and facilitating changes in organizational practices. Second, the ontology of technology-in-practice shows how human–machine agencies gain newer relevance from the interactions that unite them. Specifically, per OST, technology (from an external context) can potentially change how mental wellbeing practices in organizations are managed. The authors extend the existing literature by suggesting that both human agents and internal contexts effectively limit the potential of technology agents to change existing structures significantly.Originality/valueThe authors address the need for more research on the technology-management interface, and the boundaries of technology-enabled wellbeing at work. While AI-HRM scholarship has primarily relied on micro-level psychological theories to examine impact and outcomes, the authors borrow from the macro-level theories, such as the OST and the technology-in-practice to explain how AI is shifting the boundaries of human and machine agencies for enabling mental wellbeing.

Internal-state-dependent control of feeding behavior via hippocampal ghrelin signaling

Hunger is an internal state that not only invigorates feeding but also acts as a contextual cue for higher-order control of anticipatory feeding-related behavior. The ventral hippocampus is crucial for differentiating optimal behavior across contexts, but how internal contexts such as hunger influence hippocampal circuitry is unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of the ventral hippocampus during feeding behavior across different states of hunger in mice. We found that activity of a unique subpopulation of neurons that project to the nucleus accumbens (vS-NAc neurons) increased when animals investigated food, and this activity inhibited the transition to begin eating. Increases in the level of the peripheral hunger hormone ghrelin reduced vS-NAc activity during this anticipatory phase of feeding via ghrelin-receptor-dependent increases in postsynaptic inhibition and promoted the initiation of eating. Together, these experiments define a ghrelin-sensitive hippocampal circuit that informs the decision to eat based on internal state.

80 Ecological Momentary Assessment of the Fluctuations in Cognitive Performance and Contextual States of Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Objective:Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) allows for tracking participant responses across multiple timepoints within the context of typical daily experiences. This study used EMA delivered via smartwatches to investigate dynamic associations between older adults’ fluctuations in cognitive performance as measured by an n-back test and self-reports of current internal (i.e., mental sharpness, fatigue, stress) and external (i.e., environmental distractions, time of day) contextual states over seven days. We hypothesized that 1) cognitive test fluctuations throughout the week would be meaningful beyond average cognitive test scores and 2) cognitive test scores would fluctuate in response to internal and external contexts.Participants and Methods:Participants were 28 community-dwelling older adults recruited for a larger clinical trial assessing the influence of lifestyle factors and compensatory strategy use on cognitive health. During week one of the trial, participants received a smartwatch which sent prompts four times a day for seven consecutive days. The prompts included a 45-second one-back shape test, along with Likert-style questions about their current experience. Questions assessing participants’ internal contexts asked about participants’ experience “right now” of mental sharpness, physical fatigue, and stress. External context was assessed via the EMA prompt, “Right now my environment is distracting,” and time of day of the response.Results:Data was screened such that all data points outside the 7-day prompt window were removed, one participant who did not respond to any prompts was removed, and participants who responded to less than 60% of the shape test prompts were removed (n = 10). The sample used for this preliminary analysis included 17 participants (Age, M = 71.94 years; Education, M = 14 years; 88% Female; 88% White) with an average compliance of 75% (Range = 17 - 26 shape test responses) and an average shape test accuracy of > 92%. Hypothesis 1 was supported by the large fluctuations of the average cognitive test scores across timepoints (M = 24.35, Min = 16, Max = 27, SD = 2.54) and by repeated-measures ANOVA of average cognitive test scores by day (F(1,7) = 5.24, p < 0.01). Hypothesis 2: Cross-correlation lags 0 to 4 were assessed. For internal contexts, cross-correlation showed a medium correlation between mental sharpness and cognition for lags 0 (r = 0.46) and 1 (r = 0.4); a small to medium correlation between physical fatigue and cognition for lags 0 (r = -0.51) and 1 (r = -0.31); and no correlation between stress and cognition (r < 0.2). For external contexts, cross-correlation revealed no correlation between environmental distraction and cognition (r < 0.3), and repeated measures ANOVA revealed no effect of time of day on cognition scores (p > 0.05).Conclusions:Older adults’ cognitive performance on an n-back shape test varied over time with internal contextual states. Cognitive performance was positively associated with feelings of mental sharpness and negatively associated with physical fatigue. Current external environmental distractions and time of day were less influential on cognitive performance. As more data is collected, influences of individual fluctuations in cognitive performance will be investigated.

Hippocampal and medial prefrontal ensemble spiking represents episodes and rules in similar task spaces

Episodic memory requires the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex to guide decisions by representing events in spatial, temporal, and personal contexts. Both brain regions have been described by cognitive theories that represent events in context as locations in maps or memory spaces. We query whether ensemble spiking in these regions described spatial structures as rats performed memory tasks. From each ensemble, we construct a state-space with each point defined by the coordinated spiking of single and pairs of units in 125-ms bins and investigate how state-space locations discriminate task features. Trajectories through state-spaces correspond with behavioral episodes framed by spatial, temporal, and internal contexts. Both hippocampal and prefrontal ensembles distinguish maze locations, task intervals, and goals by distances between state-space locations, consistent with cognitive mapping and relational memory space theories of episodic memory. Prefrontal modulation of hippocampal activity may guide choices by directing memory representations toward appropriate state-space goal locations.

Level of Adoption and Use of Knowledge Management Practices in Supply Chains

Business competition nowadays involves entire supply chains (SCs) rather than individual firms, and companies, with appropriate ways, need to coordinate and co-manage knowledge resources, activities, and innovative efforts in collaboration with their partners for improved competitiveness. Knowledge management (KM) practices and their adoption in single firms to manage inter-firm relationships can be of great help, but the current studies on this aspect are very fragmented. There is still insufficient knowledge of what practices are adopted to manage knowledge and how intensely these are used in inter-firm relationships and especially in supply chains. This study contributes to filling this gap by measuring the level of adoption and intensity of use of KM practices in companies. Also, it provides a comparison between their use at the intra- and inter-firm level. A survey of a sample of European large- and medium-sized manufacturing firms was used. A descriptive statistical analysis and a correlation analysis were performed. The study confirms that KM practices are used in companies, but with a varied level of adoption and intensity of use among firms. Especially, it resulted that KM is less used at an inter-firm level, and there is a relatively higher variation among firms in the inter-firm use rather than the internal context. On the other hand, the correlation analysis revealed that the more intensely firms used KM internally, the more likely they will intensely employ them to manage knowledge in SC relationships. The usefulness of the study lies in the fact that improving the awareness of business managers and consultants, both at firm and inter-firm, can facilitate introduction and development of KM programs.

최근 나당전쟁사 연구의 주요 쟁점

Regarding the start and end of the Silla-Tang War, which occurred in the late 7th century due to the conflict over the postwar process after the fall of Goguryeo and Baekje, the descriptions of Chinese and Korean historical materials are sharply divergent, claiming that each country won the victory. Accordingly, the perspectives of domestic and foreign academic researchers are also sharply divided depending on how they accept and interpret these historical records. In particular, the main issues in the academic world that have been going on so far can be summarized as follows. First, it was a issues related to the timing of the start of the Silla-Tang War and the investigation of its cause. Second, it was a issues related to the location of major battlegrounds such as Maesoseong and the consequent understanding of the development of the war. Third, there was a issues related to the confrontation between the ‘Victory of Silla theory’ and the ‘Tang’s abandoning the Korean peninsula theory’ related to the process of ending the war. And there were also issues related to the discourse on the historical significance of the 'The Unification of Silla' or ‘The establishment of the South and North dynasties'.
 Looking at the previous discussions related to these Silla-Tang war history, the aspect of the completion stage of the so-called 'The Silla’s unification of the three kingdoms' or 'The establishment of the North and South dynasties' was mainly highlighted from the perspective of Korean history. However, in terms of East Asian history or world history, the aspect of the foreign policy of the Tang Empire was mainly highlighted. Therefore, naturally, there was a strong tendency for the absolute majority to constantly converge only on the beginning and end of the war, and various interpretations and discourses surrounding it, and revolve around it.
 As such, the following aspects need to be further considered for the development of research achievements in the field in the future. First, it is necessary to find new historical concepts or terms that can cover the reality of the 7th century’s international war and its long-term aftermath, including the Silla-Tang War, from the perspective of complementing internal and external factors by replacing simple dichotomy. Second, it is necessary to expand interest not only in Tang and Silla, the parties to the war, but also in other tribes and groups, such as the Malgal, Khitan, other northern nomadic forces, and the refugees of Goguryeo and Baekje, who directly or indirectly participated in the war. Third, it is necessary to understand the various internal contexts such as the political structure of each party to the war, such as Tang or Silla, or the changes in institutions, society, and culture, and the periodic influence of the Silla-Tang War more closely.

HOW DOES CONTEXT AFFECT THE PROFESSIONALISM OF DAKWAH OF M.NATSIR IN INDONESIAN ISLAMIC DAKWAH COUNCIL: A PRAGMATICS POINT OF VIEW

M. Natsir is one of the community leaders who is considered a multidimensional figure whose personality, abilities and expertise are very limited. History records that his struggle is always dynamic and gives the best for the Indonesian people and the Islamic religion. This study discusses how the context influences the professionalism of Muhammad Natsir's preaching in the Indonesian Islamic Da'wah Council. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a library research research design. Data was collected using storage techniques sourced from readings/texts and books. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using content analysis method. The results of the study show that M. Natsir is an influential and professional figure in his field, especially in the field of Islam and da'wah. From the internal context it was found that the influence of the family environment, educational background and understanding of religion was evident from his involvement in various important government positions, as well as various organizations including the Indonesian Islamic Da'wah Council. From the external context it was found that M.Natsir's involvement in da'wah work programs to various regions, cadre of qualified preachers through mosques, campuses and Islamic boarding schools, dispatched preachers for even distribution of the reach of da'wah messages. and the fourth; publishing as an effort to provide or entertain what is felt by the Islamic community in the field of literature.

The Role of the Internal Context of a Cinematographic Work in Creating and Interpreting the Wordplay (Based on the TV Shows: “The Sandman”, “Anne with an E”, and “Shadow and Bone”)

For a long time, researchers have been studying the concept of context in linguistics and related sciences. However, until now the concept of context does not have an unambiguous definition and classification. Within the framework of this study, a special type of context was identified, namely the internal context of a cinematographic work, which covers information about the time and place of the action, the personalities of the communicants and communicative situations within the work under consideration. The subject of the study is context, or rather the role of the internal context in understanding the wordplay in the TV shows of the last decade. The author states that the internal context of film discourse is an integral factor in the creation of wordplay and plays a key role in understanding the wordplay in films, since often we cannot attribute the cases under consideration to the wordplay without contextual information. Finally, we believe that the concept of the internal context of a work can go beyond the scope of film discourse and can be used when considering literary discourse, song discourse, etc.

Computational meaningfulness as the source of beneficial cognitive biases.

The human brain has evolved to solve the problems it encounters in multiple environments. In solving these challenges, it forms mental simulations about multidimensional information about the world. These processes produce context-dependent behaviors. The brain as overparameterized modeling organ is an evolutionary solution for producing behavior in a complex world. One of the most essential characteristics of living creatures is that they compute the values of information they receive from external and internal contexts. As a result of this computation, the creature can behave in optimal ways in each environment. Whereas most other living creatures compute almost exclusively biological values (e.g., how to get food), the human as a cultural creature computes meaningfulness from the perspective of one's activity. The computational meaningfulness means the process of the human brain, with the help of which an individual tries to make the respective situation comprehensible to herself to know how to behave optimally. This paper challenges the bias-centric approach of behavioral economics by exploring different possibilities opened up by computational meaningfulness with insight into wider perspectives. We concentrate on confirmation bias and framing effect as behavioral economics examples of cognitive biases. We conclude that from the computational meaningfulness perspective of the brain, the use of these biases are indispensable property of an optimally designed computational system of what the human brain is like. From this perspective, cognitive biases can be rational under some conditions. Whereas the bias-centric approach relies on small-scale interpretable models which include only a few explanatory variables, the computational meaningfulness perspective emphasizes the behavioral models, which allow multiple variables in these models. People are used to working in multidimensional and varying environments. The human brain is at its best in such an environment and scientific study should increasingly take place in such situations simulating the real environment. By using naturalistic stimuli (e.g., videos and VR) we can create more realistic, life-like contexts for research purposes and analyze resulting data using machine learning algorithms. In this manner, we can better explain, understand and predict human behavior and choice in different contexts.

Ethno-cultural Aura of Language Images in the Light of Cognitive Linguopoetics

The nature and essence of the language image are considered from the standpoint of modern cognitive linguopoetics, its differences from the general philological concepts of “image” and “imagery” are shown. According to the authors’ idea, the language image is considered in line with creative discursive activity. It is proved that language images integrating real ideas about the world picture and the author’s emotional attitude to them synergetically create an ethno-cultural aura of a literary text. Discourse, due to the multiplicity of its components, is a speech-thinking platform for forming a language image. The latter is considered by us as a synergetic phenomenon in the aspect of a multichannel derivative stimulus and a self-organizing phenomenon in open systems of linguocreative thinking. The article substantiates that in a literary text a language image is generated not by a real, but by a so-called communicative and aesthetically significant event, i.e. a literary discourse - the denotative aura of language images. The analysis shows that the language image is formed not only by the text itself, but also by various extralinguistic factors (knowledge of the world, opinions, values) that play an important role in understanding, interpreting and perceiving verbal images of a communicative event. Therefore, the work interprets all the main (event and non-event) elements of the text’s discursive situation, forming a complex language image. The extralinguistic factors determining the semantic architectonics of the internal context and actively participating in the formation of the ethno-cultural shell of language images are revealed. Each of these images serves as a shadow cloud of the internal context, an element of the ethno-cultural aura of the speech activity. In contrast to the existing stereotypes, according to which the concept and image are considered products of different mental operations: the first is analytical, and the second is synthetic, the article proves that the genesis of language image is characterized by their fusion. At the initial stage, there is an analytical perception of the signs of a denotative situation, and at the final stage, their synthesis. Ultimately, the genetic connection of such phenomena as literary text, discourse and concept generates the ethno-cultural aura of a pictorial-speech work.