This study was undertaken to develop a mathematical model of the long-term in vivo remodeling processes in postimplanted pulmonary artery (PA) conduits. Experimental results from two extant ovine in vivo studies, wherein polyglycolic-acid (PGA)/poly-L-lactic acid tubular conduits were constructed, cell seeded, incubated for 4 weeks, and then implanted in mature sheep to obtain the remodeling data for up to two years. Explanted conduit analysis included detailed novel structural and mechanical studies. Results in both studies indicated that the in vivo conduits remained dimensionally stable up to 80 weeks, so that the conduits maintained a constant in vivo stress and deformation state. In contrast, continued remodeling of the constituent collagen fiber network as evidenced by an increase in effective tissue uniaxial tangent modulus, which then stabilized by one year postimplant. A mesostructural constitute model was then applied to extant planar biaxial mechanical data and revealed several interesting features, including an initial pronounced increase in effective collagen fiber modulus, paralleled by a simultaneous shift toward longer, more uniformly length-distributed collagen fibers. Thus, while the conduit remained dimensionally stable, its internal collagen fibrous structure and resultant mechanical behaviors underwent continued remodeling that stabilized by one year. A time-evolving structural mixture-based mathematical model specialized for this unique form of tissue remodeling was developed, with a focus on time-evolving collagen fiber stiffness as the driver for tissue-level remodeling. The remodeling model was able to fully reproduce (1) the observed tissue-level increases in stiffness by time-evolving simultaneous increases in collagen fiber modulus and lengths, (2) maintenance of the constant collagen fiber angular dispersion, and (3) stabilization of the remodeling processes at one year. Collagen fiber remodeling geometry was directly verified experimentally by histological analysis of the time-evolving collagen fiber crimp, which matches model predictions very closely. Interestingly, the remodeling model indicated that the basis for tissue homeostasis was maintenance of the collagen fiber ensemble stress for all orientations, and not individual collagen fiber stresses. Unlike other growth and remodeling models that traditionally treat changes in the external boundary conditions (e.g., changes in blood pressure) as the primary input stimuli, the driver herein is changes to the internal constituent collagen fiber themselves due to cellular mediated cross-linking.

This article takes the spatial vitality of Huaihe Road Commercial Block in Hefei city as the research object and defines two evaluation dimensions, including external characteristic elements and constituent elements of spatial vitality. The external characteristic elements are reflected by the data of heat maps. As for the constituent elements, this article presents the corresponding influencing factor indicators in the aspects of the road network configuration, functional commercial form and spatial quality of the commercial block. In addition, it conducts a quantitative study on the multi-source data of the influencing factor indicators relating to the spatial vitality of this commercial block by means of heat maps, block POI, street view images and urban space. In the process of this quantitative study, some tools, such as the ArcGIS platform, space syntax Depthmap modeling and street view semantic analysis, are employed. A quantitative study is further carried out using the correlation analysis method to analyze the relationship between the external characteristic elements and internal constituent elements of spatial vitality of commercial blocks and explore the effects of different factors on the spatial vitality of commercial blocks when these factors are interacting with each other.

Stroke mechanisms in adult moyamoya disease: The association between infarction patterns and quantitative magnetic resonance angiography flow state

Abstract Using a large-scale observation array of 27 simultaneous pressure-recording inverted echo sounders (PIESs), the standing wave features of the mode-1 M2 internal tide west of the Luzon Strait (LS) were identified. These features exhibited nonmonotonic spatial phase shifts and half-wavelength amplitude modulation, resulting in spatially varying amplitudes under PIES observations, which have not been previously observed in field observations west of the LS. Satellite altimeter measurements also identified standing-wave patterns consistent with the PIES observations. These patterns emanated from interference between the northwestward and southeastward beams from the LS and the slope of the southern Taiwan Strait, respectively. Near the LS, the two beams superimposed into partial standing waves, whereas the superimposed waves tended to become perfect standing waves near the slope of the southern Taiwan Strait. The nodes and antinodes of the wave shifted under the influence of an anticyclonic eddy. The eddy-induced background current modified the phase speed of the internal tides, and the superimposed standing-wave nodes and antinodes deflected clockwise. The node shifted during three anticyclonic eddy events, and two stations on two sides of the wave node showed opposite variations in amplitude. Significance Statement The internal tidal constituent (M2) propagating in opposite directions can result in standing waves, which have been frequently observed in global oceans but were absent west of the Luzon Strait (LS). Our observations (based on a large-scale array west of the LS) discovered a standing M2 internal tide, which stems from interference between the northwestward beams emanating from the LS and southeastward beams from the slope of the southern Taiwan Strait. Anticyclonic eddies play important roles in adjusting the amplitude of internal tides by deflecting the standing-wave nodes and antinodes clockwise. The study facilitates the understanding of the energy distribution and mixing processes west of the LS and provides a fresh perspective on the dynamic relationship between mesoscale perturbations and internal tides.

Assessing the improved luminescence of SrCe1-xSmxO3 perovskite by concentration controlled extra oxidizer substitution

Background: Treatment of moyamoya disease (MMD) has predominantly focused on flow augmentation since the mechanism of ischemic stroke has largely been attributed to hemodynamic failure. Recent studies have challenged this notion suggesting that thromboembolism may play a dominant role. The aim of our study was to investigate the mechanisms of ischemic stroke in MMD by assessing the relationship between infarction patterns and Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Angiography (QMRA) flow state. Methods and Results: This is a retrospective study of adult patients with suspected MMD that presented with MRI confirmed acute ischemic stroke predating or following QMRA by a maximum of six months, between 2009 and 2021. Of the 177 consecutive patients with MMD that underwent QMRA, 35 patients met inclusion, consisting of 41 hemispheres. Flow-status was dichotomized into low-flow and normal-flow based on published criteria. Mixed pattern was the most frequent finding (70.7%), followed by embolic (17.1%), perforator (7.3%), and internal borderzone (IBZ) (4.9%). Infarction patterns were then dichotomized into IBZ+ (internal borderzone alone or mixed) and IBZ- (no internal borderzone constituent) based on the constituents of the patterns. Low-flow states were insignificantly more frequent with IBZ+ compared to IBZ- (48.4% vs. 20.0%, p = 0.14). Ipsilateral PCA fractional flow was significantly higher with IBZ+ compared to IBZ- (345.0% vs. 214.7%, p = 0.04). Conclusions: Mixed infarction pattern was the most common pattern of infarction in patients with MMD, implying that at least 2 interrelated stroke mechanisms of hypoperfusion and thromboembolism likely coincide. An association between ICA flow status and the pattern of infarction was not found. Prospective studies evaluating the utility of antithrombotic agents in MMD are needed.

Abstract The relative constructions in several Palaungic languages (Htanaw, Wa, Lawa, Rumai Palaung, Samlong Palaung, and Rucing Palaung), here shown to be participant nominalizations, display striking mutual similarities, while conspicuously diverging from the dominant relativization strategy within the Austroasiatic family. Instead of the common n [rel (s) v (o)] pattern, the Palaungic constructions examined exhibit the following structural features: (a) rel invariably precedes the verb complex directly; (b) internal constituent order is vs(o), with the exception of Htanaw. An unusual functional trait is additionally found in the three Palaung varieties: the construction only performs object relativization. By placing the findings in a diachronic perspective, we propose two new pathways of branch-internal syntactic change that may explain this unusual synchronic status. Among these, the lexical-to-clausal-nominalization pathway in particular offers a plausible alternative scenario to the earlier hypothesis that such verb-initial structures are inherited from Proto-Austroasiatic (Jenny 2020). Furthermore, a tentatively suggested etymological origin of the relativizer, pAA *pa ‘place’, provides an account of the narrow semantics in Palaung.

Background: The disparity in populace phenotype, embracing stature and pigmentation, drives of internal physiological constituent and adaptation to the external environment, impel variations in populace health status. The study tends to explore how significantly populaces phenotype influenced by internal or external exposures, and how effectually it prognosticates predisposition to variant health states. Methods: Ecological study encompassing twenty states residing on antipodes (North and South) endures distinct exposures, exhibit disparate phenotypes, execute different health status. Each State selected employing non-proportion quota sampling, standing extreme on either stature or pigmentation, residing in cold or hot region, contrasted on considered variables embracing UV-index, malnutrition, healthy life expectancy, fertility rate, natural increase, and top five causes of mortality. All computation, analysis, and interpretation perform employing MS-EXCEL. The complete compilation phase last from March to June 2019. Results: Findings reveal a strong association between exposures and phenotypes, UV-index and pigmentation (r = 0.96), malnutrition and stature (r = -0.81). Stature descends and pigmentation ascends along the latitude (North to South). Populace light pigmentation tall stature executes healthy prolong life span contrast to deep pigmentation standing short. Cardiac and cancer diseases significantly reported among statured nations. While high susceptibility to Influenza/ Pneumonia, and HIV/AIDS observe in pigmented nations. Conclusion: Decisively homo sapiens phenotypes inordinately servile to internal and external exposures effectually prognosticate predisposition to distinct health states. Enforcement of measures mitigating populace internal and external exposure can elicit desire output in phenotype and outcomes in health status.

This article examines the research trends in the field of pre-modern Korean history between 2019 and 2020. I identified new trends in research and made some suggestions for a paradigm shift in research. There have been many concerns that discussions on the new historical perception theory have been sluggish. However it was notable that criticism and reflection on the old theory of the immanent development began more than 20 years ago, and findings of empirical researches have accumulated considerably.<BR> In order to establish a new theory of historical perception, the entire academic world must strive to systematize distributed research results. To this end, it is necessary to organize a research group encompassing researchers from Korean history and from Eastern and Western histories to maintain a syntactic position and promote research on comparative history. In addition, it is necessary to define terms and concepts strictly through the methodology of conceptual history and to have a theoretical system by accepting social science theory. <BR> Based on these efforts, it is necessary to establish a theory of historical perception that encompasses the flow of history at multi-layered units including individual countries. Of course, it is necessary to investigate what kind of inequality that the world historical flow causes in individual countries or their internal constituent groups. In this respect, it is necessary to consider seriously the problem of consciousness of ‘glocal history’ in the search for alternatives to the theory of the immanent development.

In this paper, I make critical use of certain word order and semantic properties of ditransitive expressions to develop an argument for the LF-copy theory of argument ellipsis (Oku in A theory of selection and reconstruction in the minimalist perspective, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 1998; Saito in Lang Res 43:203–222, 2007; in: Shibatani, Miyagawa, and Noda (eds) Handbook of Japanese syntax, Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin, 2017; Sakamoto in J East Asian Linguist 25:243–274, 2016; Escape from silent syntax, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 2017). Firstly, I summarize and extend Sakamoto’s (in: Paper presented at the 148th Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of Japan, Hosei University, Tokyo, 2014; 2016; 2017) argument based on rigid ditransitive idioms and show that the possible ellipsis of a non-idiomatic argument to the exclusion of the idiom chunks and the ditransitive verb is best accounted for in terms of argument ellipsis. Secondly, I point out a hitherto unnoticed observation, that no internal constituent within ditransitive figurative expressions may undergo ellipsis without losing a non-literal, metaphorical interpretation associated with its containing VP, and I demonstrate how this observation presents critical evidence in favor of the LF-copy theory of argument ellipsis over its competing PF-deletion alternative.

Abstract This study explores the coding asymmetry between independent and dependent possessive person forms (as in Englishmine/my) from a cross-linguistic perspective. On the basis of a typological survey of 70 geographically and genealogically diverse languages, this paper identifies three universal tendencies: the length universal, the constituent order universal and the alienability universal. First, the length universal claims that independent possessive person forms are either longer or as long as the dependent possessive person forms. Second, the constituent order universal claims that the internal constituent order of the person form and the substantivizer correlates with the constituent order of the possessor and the possessum. In addition, in languages where both a composite possessive marker and a composite substantivizer are used, the possessive marker is always closer to the person root. Finally, the alienability universal claims that the possessive person forms in the alienable possessive constructions are more likely to be used as independent possessive person forms than those in the inalienable possessive constructions. These universal tendencies are instances of form-frequency correspondence, which is shown by corpus evidence from three languages.

Structural priming refers to the tendency of speakers to repeat syntactic structures across sentences. We investigated the extent to which structural priming persists with age and whether the effect depends upon highly abstract syntactic representations that only encompass the global sentence structure or whether representations are specified for internal constituent phrasal properties. In Experiment 1, young and older adults described transitive verb targets that contained the plural morphology of the patient role ("The horse is chasing the frogs/The frogs are being chased by the horse."). While maintaining the conceptual and global syntactic structure of the prime, we manipulated the internal phrasal structure of the patient role to either match (plural; "The king is punching the builders/The builders are being punched by the king.") or mismatch (coordinate noun phrase; "The king is punching the pirate and the builder/The pirate and the builder are being punched by the king.") the target. In both age groups, we observed limited priming of onset latencies, but robust effects of choice structural priming-participants produced more passive targets following passive primes-that critically did not vary dependent on whether the internal constituent structure matched or mismatched between the prime and target. Experiment 2 replicated these findings for the agent role: choice structural priming was unaffected by age or changes to the prime noun phrase type. This demonstrates that global, not internal, syntactic structure determines syntactic choices in young and older adults, as predicted by residual activation and implicit learning models of structural priming. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Com base no modelo teórico-metodológico da Gramática Discursivo-Funcional (HENGEVELD; MACKENZIE, 2008), este artigo descreve a estrutura composicional e o funcionamento discursivo da forma perifrástica ainda mais. A partir de ocorrências reais de uso do português contemporâneo, extraídas do Córpus do Português (DAVIES; FERREIRA, 2006), o objetivo é mapear propriedades funcionais e formais que subjazem ao uso de ainda mais. Os resultados revelam que ainda mais, enquanto forma fixa do português, constitui uma partícula escalar absoluta (SCHWENTER, 2000); no âmbito da GDF, ainda mais corresponde a um primitivo gramatical do Nível Interpessoal, especificamente função (pragmática) Contraste Seletivo (cf. DIK, 1997a; PEZATTI, 2014), com escopo sobre o Subato ou sobre o Conteúdo Comunicado.

Experimental data of neutrino oscillation have been obtained for electron antineutrinos from nuclear reactors in recent years. The experimental data have been successfully analyzed by assuming that the oscillation phenomenon is expressed by mixing angle and squared eigen neutrino mass difference . It is of interest to explain the phenomena from another point of view. We attempted to find the neutrino internal motion that is consistent to the standard theory for weak interaction. As a test of internal constituent motion, the time evolution of internal particles was calculated. It was found that the oscillation length of 100 km level was explainable without use of . A discussion was provided about possible existence of additional constituent in the neutrino system.

Impact-type penetrators are devices that apply the impact generated by their internal components to penetrate the soil. The penetration effect of the impact-type penetrators is affected by the physical parameters (e.g., mass and stiffness) of their internal constituent elements. Therefore, optimal parameters must be obtained by using a dynamic impact penetrator model to maximize the dive distance of each impact. However, the dynamic impact penetrator models are nonlinear and difficult to describe. Thus, in this paper, this work proposes a segmentation method for modeling the penetrator motion to establish an accurate dynamic model that can be divided into four states. Buffer spring pre-compression, which is introduced as a new influencing parameter to improve the performance of the penetrator, and the genetic algorithm is used for the optimization in accordance with the characteristics of the required optimization parameter set. Parameter stability is then analyzed by considering the actual project application. Then, the control variable method is employed to explore the influence of changing the obtained parameters on the penetration effect. Finally, a processing prototype designed on the basis of the acquired parameters is used for the experimental verification. This work addresses the complexity of the dynamics model of penetration and the difficulty encountered in determining the parameter values.

Rhythmic motor patterns in invertebrates are often driven by specialized “central pattern generators” (CPGs), containing small numbers of neurons, which are likely to be “identifiable” in one individual compared with another. The dynamics of any particular CPG lies under the control of modulatory substances, amines, or peptides, entering the CPG from outside it, or released by internal constituent neurons; consequently, a particular CPG can generate a given rhythm at different frequencies and amplitudes, and perhaps even generate a repertoire of distinctive patterns. The mechanisms exploited by neuromodulators in this respect are manifold: Intrinsic conductances (e.g., calcium, potassium channels), conductance state of postsynaptic receptors, degree of plasticity, and magnitude and kinetics of transmitter release can all be affected. The CPG concept has been generalized to vertebrate motor pattern generating circuits (e.g., for locomotion), which may contain large numbers of neurons – a construct that is sensible, if there is enough redundancy: that is, the large number of neurons consists of only a small number of classes, and the cells within any one class act stereotypically. Here we suggest that CPG and modulator ideas may also help to understand cortical oscillations, normal ones, and particularly transition to epileptiform pathology. Furthermore, in the case illustrated, the mechanism of the transition appears to be an exaggerated form of a normal modulatory action used to influence sensory processing.

Abstract To investigate the equilibration of numerical simulation (ENS) of internal tide, a three-dimensional isopycnic coordinate internal tide model is applied to simulate the M2 internal tide on idealized topography and around the Hawaiian Ridge. An idealized experiment is carried out on a Gaussian topography, and the temporal variations of the baroclinic velocity and the baroclinic energy flux are analyzed, then ENS is studied, and two criteria are presented. Moreover, the impacts of four parameters [horizontal and vertical eddy viscosity coefficients, bottom friction coefficient, and damping coefficient (to parameterize the nonhydrostatic processes in the model)] on ENS during numerical simulations, the baroclinic velocity, the baroclinic tidal energy, and the baroclinic energy flux are investigated. It appears that ENS for the M2 internal tide is more sensitive to the horizontal eddy viscosity coefficient and the damping coefficient. To further examine the criteria of ENS, a numerical experiment is carried out to simulate the M2 internal tidal constituent near the Hawaiian Ridge. The simulated surface tide shows good agreement with results from the Oregon State University tidal model and TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) observations. The simulation results indicate that a 50 M2 tidal period (25.88 days) run is capable of ensuring ENS for the M2 internal tide in this case. In short, this paper presents a method and two criteria for examining ENS for internal tides for modelers.

The paper a few of approaches of definitions «sustainable development» and «potential of sustainable development» generalization and considered. The key descriptions are combinations of triune conception of sustainable development, possibilities and resources of this development have considered. The paper authorial determination of concept «potential of sustainable development of enterprises» has been presented. The authorial comprehension of sustainable development is presented on all hierarchical levels from positions socially - oriented and ecologically - the directed economic development, as the directed sequence of changes of her components, connections and intercommunications between them. Determination of essence of potential of sustainable development of enterprises offers as triads of constituents (social, ecological, economic), as systems of key possibilities that include : resources (natural, labour, economic and other), administrative - organizational possibilities (system of management of sustainable development, management ecologically - economic processes, market mechanisms of management, instruments of the management system, in thereby the ecologically-oriented character), other of competense (marketing, investment-technological, administrative and other), id est as to possibility, readiness and ability of the system to transform an internal (economic) constituent and ecological constituent (naturally-resource components) in social (satisfaction of public necessities). The management of potential of sustainable development by enterprises is based on balancing of functioning of elements, social, economic and ecological constituents of sustainable development and forms terms for an effective management and adjusting as enterprises so national economy on the whole. It offers to determinate the management of sustainable development as transformation of such base property of potential of sustainable development as exceptional nature, that provides possibility to the producers (ecologically oriented) of commodities to get technological, organizationally-administrative or other of advantage of potential.

A certain class of Central Catalan compounds characterized by a first component that lacks a related output word is discussed and analyzed in connection with Vowel Reduction and Destressing. The first component of these compounds contains a vowel [a, ɛ, ɔ] that undergoes Destressing before the stressed vowel of the second component, but does not reduce. This causes an opacity problem because the generalization that there are no unstressed [a, ɛ, ɔ] is not surface-true for these cases. An analysis in the framework of parallel OT with output-to-output constraints is examined in detail and the function that returns the base of the relevant constituent in the candidates being evaluated is made precise. It is shown that such an analysis is not feasible. After showing that compounds have internal constituent structure even under noncompositional semantics, a Stratal OT analysis is presented that can handle such cases.

The aim is to develop a methodology of diagnostics of internal component of the attractiveness of the employer brand. The scientific novelty of this work consists a list of indicators of internal diagnostic component of the employer brand; quantitative determination for each of the offered indicators of borders of values in relation to the degree of attractiveness of the employer brand. The application of this worked out methodology will allow evidently to define the degree of attractiveness of the employer brand, which proposed three options – high, middle or low. These indicators were attributed nine indicators: turnover ratio retirement, staff stability factor, the factor of stability of personnel, the average age of employees, the level of staffing of the enterprise personnel, the rate of ROI (Return of investment), turnover rate prospective employees, productivity growth, earnings growth company. The choice of these indicators was related to the necessity of complex description of all personnel management's aspects. For every choicen indicators in this work decoding of semantic loading of possible quantitative values was conducted. Attention was paid to the maximum values of indicators, the approach which will negatively affect at work of enterprise and internal constituent of the employer brand. Further researches must be sent to the ground of concrete measures on the increase of internal component of the attractiveness of the employer brand, ground of indicators and expansion of amount of indicators of such estimation external constituent